{
  "title": "CareTrigger long lie and older adult safety evidence table",
  "version": "1.1",
  "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
  "proposed_page_url": "https://caretrigger.io/research",
  "methodology": "Focused narrative review and extraction of published statistics. Not a systematic review, pooled estimate, original participant dataset or product outcome study.",
  "missing_values": "Null indicates not established from accessible source material; never interpreted as zero.",
  "records": [
    {
      "id": "stat-us-falls-share",
      "metric": "Reported at least one fall",
      "value": 27.6,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Noninstitutionalized adults aged 65+",
      "geography": "United States",
      "data_year": 2020,
      "measurement_period": "Previous 12 months, recalled in the 2020 survey",
      "publication_year": 2023,
      "denominator": "Survey-weighted adults aged 65+",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": 127724,
      "source_id": "s1",
      "source_title": "Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2020–2021",
      "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm",
      "source_doi": "10.15585/mmwr.mm7235a1",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "Self-report; counts people with one or more falls, not fall events.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-us-falls-share",
      "display_value": "27.6%",
      "display_context": "U.S., 65+ · data: 2020",
      "display_metric": "People reporting ≥1 fall",
      "citation_text": "People reporting ≥1 fall: 27.6%. U.S., 65+ · data: 2020. Self-report; counts people with one or more falls, not fall events. Source: Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2020–2021. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-us-falls-share"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-us-fallers",
      "metric": "People reporting a fall",
      "value": 14000000,
      "unit": "people",
      "value_operator": ">",
      "population": "Noninstitutionalized adults aged 65+",
      "geography": "United States",
      "data_year": 2020,
      "measurement_period": "Previous 12 months, recalled in the 2020 survey",
      "publication_year": 2023,
      "denominator": "National population estimate",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": 127724,
      "source_id": "s1",
      "source_title": "Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2020–2021",
      "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm",
      "source_doi": "10.15585/mmwr.mm7235a1",
      "source_locator": "CDC Older Adult Falls Data, Overview; companion MMWR report",
      "limitations": "Rounded CDC summary wording; not a count of falls or long lies.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-us-fallers",
      "display_value": "Over 14 million",
      "display_context": "U.S., 65+ · data: 2020",
      "display_metric": "People reporting ≥1 fall; rounded estimate",
      "citation_text": "People reporting ≥1 fall; rounded estimate: Over 14 million. U.S., 65+ · data: 2020. Rounded CDC summary wording; not a count of falls or long lies. Source: Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2020–2021. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-us-fallers"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-living-alone-share",
      "metric": "Live alone",
      "value": 28,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Community-dwelling adults aged 65+",
      "geography": "United States",
      "data_year": 2023,
      "measurement_period": null,
      "publication_year": 2024,
      "denominator": "Community-dwelling adults aged 65+",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": null,
      "source_id": "s2",
      "source_title": "2023 Profile of Older Americans",
      "source_url": "https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Profile%20of%20OA/ACL_ProfileOlderAmericans2023_508.pdf",
      "source_doi": null,
      "source_locator": "Living Arrangements, p. 6",
      "limitations": "Approximately 28%; excludes institutional residents. Living alone is not a measure of loneliness.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-living-alone-share",
      "display_value": "28%",
      "display_context": "U.S., community-dwelling 65+ · data: 2023",
      "display_metric": "People living alone",
      "citation_text": "People living alone: 28%. U.S., community-dwelling 65+ · data: 2023. Approximately 28%; excludes institutional residents. Living alone is not a measure of loneliness. Source: 2023 Profile of Older Americans. https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Profile%20of%20OA/ACL_ProfileOlderAmericans2023_508.pdf Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-living-alone-share"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-living-alone-count",
      "metric": "People living alone",
      "value": 16200000,
      "unit": "people",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Community-dwelling adults aged 65+",
      "geography": "United States",
      "data_year": 2023,
      "measurement_period": null,
      "publication_year": 2024,
      "denominator": "National population estimate",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": null,
      "source_id": "s2",
      "source_title": "2023 Profile of Older Americans",
      "source_url": "https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Profile%20of%20OA/ACL_ProfileOlderAmericans2023_508.pdf",
      "source_doi": null,
      "source_locator": "Living Arrangements, p. 6",
      "limitations": "Rounded published headcount in ACL; not calculated by applying 28% to a different population.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-living-alone-count",
      "display_value": "16.2 million",
      "display_context": "U.S., community-dwelling 65+ · data: 2023",
      "display_metric": "People living alone; published headcount",
      "citation_text": "People living alone; published headcount: 16.2 million. U.S., community-dwelling 65+ · data: 2023. Rounded published headcount in ACL; not calculated by applying 28% to a different population. Source: 2023 Profile of Older Americans. https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Profile%20of%20OA/ACL_ProfileOlderAmericans2023_508.pdf Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-living-alone-count"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-falls-while-alone",
      "metric": "Falls occurring while alone",
      "value": 82,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Study participants aged over 90",
      "geography": "Cambridge area, United Kingdom",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "One-year follow-up; study published 2008",
      "publication_year": 2008,
      "denominator": "Reported fall events",
      "numerator_n": 217,
      "denominator_n": 265,
      "study_sample_size": 110,
      "source_id": "s3",
      "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90",
      "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227",
      "source_doi": "10.1136/bmj.a2227",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "Rounded percentage of fall events, not of people; includes own-home and care-home residents.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-falls-while-alone",
      "display_value": "82% · 217/265",
      "display_context": "U.K., over-90 cohort · published 2008",
      "display_metric": "Fall events occurring while alone",
      "citation_text": "Fall events occurring while alone: 82% · 217/265. U.K., over-90 cohort · published 2008. Rounded percentage of fall events, not of people; includes own-home and care-home residents. Source: Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90. https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-falls-while-alone"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-unable-to-rise",
      "metric": "Unable to get up after at least one fall",
      "value": 80,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "People over 90 who fell during follow-up",
      "geography": "Cambridge area, United Kingdom",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "One-year follow-up; study published 2008",
      "publication_year": 2008,
      "denominator": "Participants who fell at least once",
      "numerator_n": 53,
      "denominator_n": 66,
      "study_sample_size": 110,
      "source_id": "s3",
      "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90",
      "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227",
      "source_doi": "10.1136/bmj.a2227",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "People, not falls; not an estimate for all adults aged 65+.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-unable-to-rise",
      "display_value": "80% · 53/66",
      "display_context": "U.K., over-90 fallers · published 2008",
      "display_metric": "People unable to get up after ≥1 fall",
      "citation_text": "People unable to get up after ≥1 fall: 80% · 53/66. U.K., over-90 fallers · published 2008. People, not falls; not an estimate for all adults aged 65+. Source: Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90. https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-unable-to-rise"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-long-lie-over-90",
      "metric": "At least one lie of an hour or more",
      "value": 30,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "People over 90 who fell during follow-up",
      "geography": "Cambridge area, United Kingdom",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "One-year follow-up; study published 2008",
      "publication_year": 2008,
      "denominator": "Participants who fell at least once",
      "numerator_n": 20,
      "denominator_n": 66,
      "study_sample_size": 110,
      "source_id": "s3",
      "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90",
      "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227",
      "source_doi": "10.1136/bmj.a2227",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "Threshold: at least one hour. A specific older cohort, not national prevalence.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-long-lie-over-90",
      "display_value": "30% · 20/66",
      "display_context": "U.K., over-90 fallers · published 2008",
      "display_metric": "People with ≥1 lie of at least an hour",
      "citation_text": "People with ≥1 lie of at least an hour: 30% · 20/66. U.K., over-90 fallers · published 2008. Threshold: at least one hour. A specific older cohort, not national prevalence. Source: Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90. https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-long-lie-over-90"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-mortality-under-one-hour",
      "metric": "Total mortality: helpless for less than one hour",
      "value": 12,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "People found helpless or dead at home; cohort median age 73",
      "geography": "San Francisco, United States",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "12-week ascertainment; study published 1996",
      "publication_year": 1996,
      "denominator": "Cases in the estimated under-one-hour group",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": 367,
      "source_id": "s4",
      "source_title": "Persons Found in Their Homes Helpless or Dead",
      "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606",
      "source_doi": "10.1056/NEJM199606273342606",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "All causes, not only falls. Includes deaths before discovery and in hospital. Subgroup count not extracted; observational, not causal.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-mortality-under-one-hour",
      "display_value": "12%",
      "display_context": "San Francisco; median age 73 · published 1996",
      "display_metric": "Mortality: helpless <1 hour; all causes",
      "citation_text": "Mortality: helpless <1 hour; all causes: 12%. San Francisco; median age 73 · published 1996. All causes, not only falls. Includes deaths before discovery and in hospital. Subgroup count not extracted; observational, not causal. Source: Persons Found in Their Homes Helpless or Dead. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-mortality-under-one-hour"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-mortality-over-72-hours",
      "metric": "Total mortality: helpless for more than 72 hours",
      "value": 67,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "People found helpless or dead at home; cohort median age 73",
      "geography": "San Francisco, United States",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "12-week ascertainment; study published 1996",
      "publication_year": 1996,
      "denominator": "Cases in the estimated over-72-hour group",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": 367,
      "source_id": "s4",
      "source_title": "Persons Found in Their Homes Helpless or Dead",
      "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606",
      "source_doi": "10.1056/NEJM199606273342606",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "All causes, not only falls. More than 72 hours, not 72 hours or more. Subgroup count not extracted; observational, not causal.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-mortality-over-72-hours",
      "display_value": "67%",
      "display_context": "San Francisco; median age 73 · published 1996",
      "display_metric": "Mortality: helpless >72 hours; all causes",
      "citation_text": "Mortality: helpless >72 hours; all causes: 67%. San Francisco; median age 73 · published 1996. All causes, not only falls. More than 72 hours, not 72 hours or more. Subgroup count not extracted; observational, not causal. Source: Persons Found in Their Homes Helpless or Dead. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-mortality-over-72-hours"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-independent-living",
      "metric": "Survivors unable to return to independent living",
      "value": 62,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Survivors in the cohort found helpless at home",
      "geography": "San Francisco, United States",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "Study published 1996",
      "publication_year": 1996,
      "denominator": "Survivors, not all participants",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": 367,
      "source_id": "s4",
      "source_title": "Persons Found in Their Homes Helpless or Dead",
      "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606",
      "source_doi": "10.1056/NEJM199606273342606",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "Survivor denominator; not a modern national outcome estimate.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-independent-living",
      "display_value": "62%",
      "display_context": "San Francisco cohort survivors · published 1996",
      "display_metric": "Unable to return to independent living",
      "citation_text": "Unable to return to independent living: 62%. San Francisco cohort survivors · published 1996. Survivor denominator; not a modern national outcome estimate. Source: Persons Found in Their Homes Helpless or Dead. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-independent-living"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-historical-six-month-mortality",
      "metric": "Died within six months after a lie longer than one hour",
      "value": 50,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "People aged 65+ who fell at home and lay more than one hour",
      "geography": "United Kingdom",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "Six-month mortality; study published 1981",
      "publication_year": 1981,
      "denominator": "Long-lie subgroup of 20 people",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": 20,
      "study_sample_size": 125,
      "source_id": "s5",
      "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home?",
      "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.282.6260.266",
      "source_doi": "10.1136/bmj.282.6260.266",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "Reported as half. Small historical subgroup; illness may explain part of the association.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-historical-six-month-mortality",
      "display_value": "Half · subgroup n=20",
      "display_context": "U.K., 65+ home-fallers · published 1981",
      "display_metric": "Six-month mortality after >1 hour on floor",
      "citation_text": "Six-month mortality after >1 hour on floor: Half · subgroup n=20. U.K., 65+ home-fallers · published 1981. Reported as half. Small historical subgroup; illness may explain part of the association. Source: How dangerous are falls in old people at home?. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.282.6260.266 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-historical-six-month-mortality"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-button-never-worn",
      "metric": "Reported never wearing their SOS button",
      "value": 24,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Community-dwelling personal emergency response system users",
      "geography": "Not specified in accessible abstract",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "Study published 2010; fieldwork dates not extracted",
      "publication_year": 2010,
      "denominator": "Participants reporting wearing behavior; item-specific response count not stated",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": 52,
      "source_id": "s6",
      "source_title": "Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems",
      "source_url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4",
      "source_doi": "10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "Small study of 52 users; exact response count not established. Self-reported behavior, not a current industry-wide rate.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-button-never-worn",
      "display_value": "24% · small study, n=52",
      "display_context": "Community SOS device users · published 2010",
      "display_metric": "Reported never wearing SOS button",
      "citation_text": "Reported never wearing SOS button: 24% · small study, n=52. Community SOS device users · published 2010. Small study of 52 users; exact response count not established. Self-reported behavior, not a current industry-wide rate. Source: Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-button-never-worn"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-button-worn-around-clock",
      "metric": "Reported wearing their SOS button around the clock",
      "value": 14,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Community-dwelling personal emergency response system users",
      "geography": "Not specified in accessible abstract",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "Study published 2010; fieldwork dates not extracted",
      "publication_year": 2010,
      "denominator": "Participants reporting wearing behavior; item-specific response count not stated",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": 52,
      "source_id": "s6",
      "source_title": "Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems",
      "source_url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4",
      "source_doi": "10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4",
      "source_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "limitations": "Small study of 52 users; exact response count not established. Rounded reported percentage, not device reliability.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-button-worn-around-clock",
      "display_value": "14% · small study, n=52",
      "display_context": "Community SOS device users · published 2010",
      "display_metric": "Reported wearing SOS button around the clock",
      "citation_text": "Reported wearing SOS button around the clock: 14% · small study, n=52. Community SOS device users · published 2010. Small study of 52 users; exact response count not established. Rounded reported percentage, not device reliability. Source: Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-button-worn-around-clock"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-alarm-not-used",
      "metric": "SOS device not used to summon help",
      "value": 80,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Study participants over 90 who fell alone and could not get up, with an SOS device available",
      "geography": "Cambridge area, United Kingdom",
      "data_year": null,
      "measurement_period": "One-year follow-up; study published 2008",
      "publication_year": 2008,
      "denominator": "Eligible fall events with an SOS device available",
      "numerator_n": 113,
      "denominator_n": 141,
      "study_sample_size": 110,
      "source_id": "s3",
      "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90",
      "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227",
      "source_doi": "10.1136/bmj.a2227",
      "source_locator": "Call alarm systems section; 113/141 events, verified in publisher/PMC indexed text",
      "limitations": "Fall episodes, not device owners. Distinct from the 80% unable-to-rise statistic; not a device failure rate.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-alarm-not-used",
      "display_value": "80% · 113/141",
      "display_context": "U.K., over-90 cohort · published 2008",
      "display_metric": "SOS device unused: alone, unable to rise, device available",
      "citation_text": "SOS device unused: alone, unable to rise, device available: 80% · 113/141. U.K., over-90 cohort · published 2008. Fall episodes, not device owners. Distinct from the 80% unable-to-rise statistic; not a device failure rate. Source: Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90. https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227 Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-alarm-not-used"
    },
    {
      "id": "stat-smartphone-ownership",
      "metric": "Own a smartphone",
      "value": 78,
      "unit": "percent",
      "value_operator": "=",
      "population": "Adults aged 65+",
      "geography": "United States",
      "data_year": 2025,
      "measurement_period": "2025-02-05/2025-06-18",
      "publication_year": 2025,
      "denominator": "Survey respondents aged 65+",
      "numerator_n": null,
      "denominator_n": null,
      "study_sample_size": 5022,
      "source_id": "s7",
      "source_title": "Mobile Fact Sheet",
      "source_url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/",
      "source_doi": null,
      "source_locator": "Age table",
      "limitations": "5,022 is the all-ages survey sample, not the 65+ subgroup. Ownership does not establish daily use or suitability for an app.",
      "last_source_check": "2026-09-24",
      "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-smartphone-ownership",
      "display_value": "78%",
      "display_context": "U.S., 65+ · data: 2025",
      "display_metric": "Smartphone ownership; not daily use",
      "citation_text": "Smartphone ownership; not daily use: 78%. U.S., 65+ · data: 2025. 5,022 is the all-ages survey sample, not the 65+ subgroup. Ownership does not establish daily use or suitability for an app. Source: Mobile Fact Sheet. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/ Context: https://caretrigger.io/research#stat-smartphone-ownership"
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "s1",
      "number": 1,
      "kind": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "authors": [
        "R. Kakara",
        "G. Bergen",
        "E. Burns",
        "M. Stevens"
      ],
      "title": "Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years — United States, 2020–2021",
      "journal": "MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report",
      "volume": "72",
      "pages": "938–943",
      "date": "2023-09-01",
      "doi": "10.15585/mmwr.mm7235a1",
      "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm",
      "companion_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html",
      "note": "2020 BRFSS; 127,724 respondents aged 65+. The CDC summary supplies the rounded “over 14 million” wording.",
      "quote": "reported falling during the previous year",
      "quote_locator": "Abstract",
      "access": "Primary report and current CDC summary"
    },
    {
      "id": "s2",
      "number": 2,
      "kind": "Report",
      "authors": [
        "Administration for Community Living"
      ],
      "title": "2023 Profile of Older Americans",
      "date": "2024",
      "url": "https://acl.gov/sites/default/files/Profile%20of%20OA/ACL_ProfileOlderAmericans2023_508.pdf",
      "note": "Living Arrangements, p. 6; 2023 Census data. The 16.2 million headcount is published, not calculated here.",
      "quote": null,
      "access": "Official PDF text exposed in search; full PDF could not be opened"
    },
    {
      "id": "s3",
      "number": 3,
      "kind": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "authors": [
        "Jane Fleming",
        "Carol Brayne"
      ],
      "title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90",
      "journal": "BMJ",
      "volume": "337",
      "pages": "a2227",
      "date": "2008-11-17",
      "doi": "10.1136/bmj.a2227",
      "url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2227",
      "accessible_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19015185/",
      "note": "One-year follow-up of 110 people over 90 in their usual residences, including care homes; 66 fell.",
      "quote": "Call alarms were widely available but were not used",
      "quote_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "access": "Primary abstract; publisher/PMC indexed text for 113/141 SOS device non-use"
    },
    {
      "id": "s4",
      "number": 4,
      "kind": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "authors": [
        "R. Jan Gurley",
        "Nancy Lum",
        "Merle Sande",
        "Bernard Lo",
        "Mitchell H. Katz"
      ],
      "title": "Persons Found in Their Homes Helpless or Dead",
      "journal": "New England Journal of Medicine",
      "volume": "334",
      "pages": "1710–1716",
      "date": "1996-06-27",
      "doi": "10.1056/NEJM199606273342606",
      "url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606",
      "accessible_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8637517/",
      "note": "San Francisco, 12 weeks: 387 events involving 367 people; median age 73. All causes of helplessness.",
      "quote": "unable to return to living independently",
      "quote_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "access": "Primary abstract"
    },
    {
      "id": "s5",
      "number": 5,
      "kind": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "authors": [
        "D. Wild",
        "U. S. Nayak",
        "B. Isaacs"
      ],
      "title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home?",
      "journal": "British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Edition)",
      "volume": "282",
      "pages": "266–268",
      "date": "1981-01-24",
      "doi": "10.1136/bmj.282.6260.266",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.282.6260.266",
      "accessible_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6779979/",
      "note": "Six general practices; 125 people aged 65+ who fell at home. Only 20 lay for more than one hour.",
      "quote": "half died within six months of the fall",
      "quote_locator": "Abstract",
      "access": "Primary abstract; full-text PDF unavailable"
    },
    {
      "id": "s6",
      "number": 6,
      "kind": "ScholarlyArticle",
      "authors": [
        "B. Heinbüchner",
        "M. Hautzinger",
        "C. Becker",
        "K. Pfeiffer"
      ],
      "title": "Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems",
      "journal": "Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie",
      "volume": "43",
      "pages": "219–223",
      "date": "2010-07-28",
      "doi": "10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4",
      "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4",
      "accessible_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20814795/",
      "note": "Interviews with 52 community-dwelling SOS device users. Self-reported use, not device accuracy.",
      "quote": "only 14% wear it 24 hours each day",
      "quote_locator": "Abstract, Results",
      "access": "Publisher abstract"
    },
    {
      "id": "s7",
      "number": 7,
      "kind": "WebPage",
      "authors": [
        "Pew Research Center"
      ],
      "title": "Mobile Fact Sheet",
      "date": "2025-11-20",
      "url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/",
      "note": "Survey: February 5–June 18, 2025; 5,022 U.S. adults overall. The 78% figure is for respondents aged 65+.",
      "quote": null,
      "access": "Original survey fact sheet and age table"
    },
    {
      "id": "s8",
      "number": 8,
      "kind": "WebPage",
      "authors": [
        "University of Sheffield"
      ],
      "title": "The Long Lies Study",
      "url": "https://sheffield.ac.uk/cure/current-trials/long-lies-study",
      "note": "NIHR-funded mixed-methods project description. Background estimates are not completed study results.",
      "quote": "scale, impact and care trajectory",
      "quote_locator": "Research Question",
      "access": "Official project page"
    },
    {
      "id": "s9",
      "number": 9,
      "kind": "WebPage",
      "authors": [
        "Apple"
      ],
      "title": "Use Fall Detection with Apple Watch",
      "date": "2026-05-06",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/108896",
      "note": "Manufacturer documentation; supports the watch example, not claims about every wearable.",
      "quote": null,
      "access": "Official product documentation"
    },
    {
      "id": "s10",
      "number": 10,
      "kind": "WebPage",
      "authors": [
        "CareTrigger"
      ],
      "title": "CareTrigger: product information",
      "url": "https://caretrigger.io/",
      "note": "Publisher-provided product description, supplemented by the approved product brief. Not independent clinical evidence.",
      "quote": null,
      "access": "Live homepage and supplied approved product claims"
    }
  ]
}