{ "title": "Falls Among Older Adults, the Long Lie, and What Happens Next: statistics dataset", "slug": "long-lie-statistics", "version": "1.0", "last_source_check": "2026-10-08", "publisher": "CareTrigger (Hyperbola Limited)", "permalink_base": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics", "methodology": null, "record_count": 367, "source_count": 172, "records": [ { "id": "fleming-2008-alarm-available-not-used-80pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "In 80% of falls in which a person aged over 90 fell alone, could not get up, and had a call alarm available, the alarm was not used to summon help.", "value": 80, "unit": "% of eligible falls (113/141)", "display_value": "80%", "display_label": "of falls where an over-90 was alone, could not get up and had an alarm: the alarm was not used", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England, UK", "period": "One-year intensive follow-up; published 2008", "population": "Adults aged over 90 living in own homes, sheltered housing or care homes (surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort)", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming J, Brayne C)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 80% (113/141) of these falls, however, the person who fell alone did not use their call alarm to summon help.", "locator": "Results section, call-alarm paragraph (Europe PMC full text, PMC2590903)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Widely misquoted online as '80% of people over 90 failed to use their pendant'; the denominator is falls, not people. BMJ 2008;337:a2227.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-available-not-used-80pct", "citation_text": "In 80% of falls in which a person aged over 90 fell alone, could not get up, and had a call alarm available, the alarm was not used to summon help. Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming J, Brayne C)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-available-not-used-80pct." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-alarm-available-99pct-of-unable-to-rise-falls", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Some form of call alarm was available in 99% of falls in which a person over 90 fell alone and could not get up.", "value": 99, "unit": "% of falls (141/143)", "display_value": "99%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England, UK", "period": "One-year intensive follow-up; published 2008", "population": "Adults aged over 90 (Cambridge City over-75s Cohort)", "sample_n": 143, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 95% (209/219) of falls that occurred when the individual was alone, and in 99% (141/143) of falls in those who could not get up when they fell alone, the person had some form of call alarm system.", "locator": "Results section, call-alarm paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Shows the problem is activation, not access: alarms were almost universally present in this (largely care-home and sheltered-housing) sample.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-available-99pct-of-unable-to-rise-falls", "citation_text": "Some form of call alarm was available in 99% of falls in which a person over 90 fell alone and could not get up. Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-available-99pct-of-unable-to-rise-falls." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-alarm-not-used-care-homes-94pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "In institutional (care-home) settings, 94% of falls where the person was alone, could not get up and had an alarm did not involve alarm use.", "value": 94, "unit": "% of eligible falls (62/66)", "display_value": "94%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England, UK", "period": "One-year follow-up; published 2008", "population": "Adults over 90 in institutional settings", "sample_n": 66, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "This was most often the case in institutional settings (94%, 62/66) but was also so for most falls both in the community (78%, 28/36) and in sheltered accommodation (59%, 23/39).", "locator": "Results section, call-alarm paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Same sentence gives community 78% (28/36) and sheltered accommodation 59% (23/39). Institutional subgroup likely includes residents with cognitive impairment.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-not-used-care-homes-94pct", "citation_text": "In institutional (care-home) settings, 94% of falls where the person was alone, could not get up and had an alarm did not involve alarm use. Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-not-used-care-homes-94pct." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-alarm-not-used-own-home-78pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Among people over 90 living in the community (own homes), 78% of falls where the person was alone, could not get up and had an alarm did not involve alarm use.", "value": 78, "unit": "% of eligible falls (28/36)", "display_value": "78%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England, UK", "period": "One-year follow-up; published 2008", "population": "Adults over 90 living in the community", "sample_n": 36, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "This was most often the case in institutional settings (94%, 62/66) but was also so for most falls both in the community (78%, 28/36) and in sheltered accommodation (59%, 23/39).", "locator": "Results section, call-alarm paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Most relevant subgroup for seniors living alone at home. Small denominator (36 falls).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-not-used-own-home-78pct", "citation_text": "Among people over 90 living in the community (own homes), 78% of falls where the person was alone, could not get up and had an alarm did not involve alarm use. Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-not-used-own-home-78pct." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-long-lies-alarm-unused-97pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "In 97% of 'long lies' (an hour or more on the floor) that occurred despite an installed alarm, the person who fell alone did not use their alarm to summon help.", "value": 97, "unit": "% of long lies with alarm available (37/38)", "display_value": "97%", "display_label": "Long lies with an alarm installed, over-90s: alarm not used (Fleming & Brayne 2008)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England, UK", "period": "One-year follow-up; published 2008", "population": "Adults over 90 who fell alone, could not get up and had an alarm available", "sample_n": 38, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "38 resulted in lying on the floor for over an hour, despite an installed alarm system, and in 97% of these 'long lies' (37/38) the person who fell alone did not use their alarm to summon help.", "locator": "Results section, call-alarm paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "This is the real source of the '97% of emergency buttons never pressed' claim circulating on vendor blogs; note the study measured alarm availability, not whether a pendant was being worn.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-long-lies-alarm-unused-97pct", "citation_text": "In 97% of 'long lies' (an hour or more on the floor) that occurred despite an installed alarm, the person who fell alone did not use their alarm to summon help. Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-long-lies-alarm-unused-97pct." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-alarm-activated-falls-rarely-long-lie", "family": "alarms", "statement": "When a call alarm was activated after a fall alone by someone unable to rise, lying on the floor for an hour or more occurred in only one, or perhaps two, of 28 such falls.", "value": 28, "unit": "alarm-activated falls, of which 1 (possibly 2) led to lying on the floor an hour or more", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England, UK", "period": "One-year follow-up; published 2008", "population": "Adults over 90 who fell alone, could not get up, and activated a call alarm", "sample_n": 28, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Lying on the floor for an hour or more occurred in only one or perhaps two out of the 28 falls in which a call alarm was activated by someone unable to rise when they fell on their own.", "locator": "Results section, call-alarm paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Best available evidence on time-to-help WITH vs WITHOUT alarm activation: 1-2/28 long lies when activated vs 37/38 long lies when not. Observational, not randomised; small numbers.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-activated-falls-rarely-long-lie", "citation_text": "When a call alarm was activated after a fall alone by someone unable to rise, lying on the floor for an hour or more occurred in only one, or perhaps two, of 28 such falls. Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alarm-activated-falls-rarely-long-lie." }, { "id": "heinbuchner-2010-pers-never-worn-24pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "24% of community-dwelling PERS subscribers reported that they never wear the alarm button.", "value": 24, "unit": "% of PERS users", "display_value": "24%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Germany (German journal and authors; city not stated in abstract)", "period": "Published 2010", "population": "Elderly community-dwelling PERS subscribers", "sample_n": 52, "publisher": "Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie (Springer)", "source_title": "Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems (Heinbüchner B, Hautzinger M, Becker C, Pfeiffer K)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2010", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "24% of the participants reported that they never wear the alarm button", "locator": "Abstract, Results. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2010;43(4):219-223", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Small study, n=52. Abstract in English; article in German.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#heinbuchner-2010-pers-never-worn-24pct", "citation_text": "24% of community-dwelling PERS subscribers reported that they never wear the alarm button. Source: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie (Springer), \"Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems (Heinbüchner B, Hautzinger M, Becker C, Pfeiffer K)\" (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#heinbuchner-2010-pers-never-worn-24pct." }, { "id": "heinbuchner-2010-pers-worn-24h-14pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Only 14% of PERS subscribers wear the alarm button 24 hours a day.", "value": 14, "unit": "% of PERS users", "display_value": "14%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Germany (German journal and authors; city not stated in abstract)", "period": "Published 2010", "population": "Elderly community-dwelling PERS subscribers", "sample_n": 52, "publisher": "Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie (Springer)", "source_title": "Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2010", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "only 14% wear it 24 hours each day", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Small study, n=52. Compare TheSeniorList 2026 industry survey: 18% of US users wear/carry the device at all times.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#heinbuchner-2010-pers-worn-24h-14pct", "citation_text": "Only 14% of PERS subscribers wear the alarm button 24 hours a day. Source: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie (Springer), \"Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems\" (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#heinbuchner-2010-pers-worn-24h-14pct." }, { "id": "heinbuchner-2010-pers-not-activated-after-fall-83pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "After falls, the PERS was not activated by 83% of subscribers who fell alone and lay on the floor for more than 5 minutes.", "value": 83, "unit": "% of subscribers who fell alone and lay >5 min (n=11)", "display_value": "83%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Germany (German journal and authors; city not stated in abstract)", "period": "Published 2010", "population": "Community-dwelling PERS subscribers who fell alone and lay on the floor longer than 5 minutes", "sample_n": 11, "publisher": "Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie (Springer)", "source_title": "Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2010", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "After falls PERS was not activated by 83% (n=11) of the subscribers who fell alone and lay on the floor longer than 5 minutes", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Very small denominator (n=11); directionally consistent with Fleming 2008 (80%). Abstract conclusion: 'High rates of non-use of PERS in everyday life and after falls can be found.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#heinbuchner-2010-pers-not-activated-after-fall-83pct", "citation_text": "After falls, the PERS was not activated by 83% of subscribers who fell alone and lay on the floor for more than 5 minutes. Source: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie (Springer), \"Satisfaction and use of personal emergency response systems\" (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-010-0127-4). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#heinbuchner-2010-pers-not-activated-after-fall-83pct." }, { "id": "stokke-2016-review-33-studies", "family": "alarms", "statement": "An integrative review of research on personal emergency response systems from the users' perspective identified 33 peer-reviewed studies published 1987-2014.", "value": 33, "unit": "studies", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (Western countries)", "period": "Studies published 1987-2014; review published 2016", "population": "PERS users, relatives and care staff (literature)", "sample_n": 33, "publisher": "Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR Publications)", "source_title": "The Personal Emergency Response System as a Technology Innovation in Primary Health Care Services: An Integrative Review (Stokke R)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5727", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2016-07", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A total of 33 peer-reviewed articles were included, all published between 1987 and 2014", "locator": "Results (full text) and Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Context record for citing the review. JMIR 2016;18(7):e187.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#stokke-2016-review-33-studies", "citation_text": "An integrative review of research on personal emergency response systems from the users' perspective identified 33 peer-reviewed studies published 1987-2014. Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR Publications), \"The Personal Emergency Response System as a Technology Innovation in Primary Health Care Services: An Integrative Review (Stokke R)\" (https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5727). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#stokke-2016-review-33-studies." }, { "id": "stokke-2016-review-quarter-never-wore-pendant", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Two of the 33 reviewed PERS studies found that about 25% of respondents never wore the pendant.", "value": 25, "unit": "% of respondents (approximate, as reported in two studies)", "display_value": "25%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (review)", "period": "Studies 1987-2014; review 2016", "population": "PERS end users", "sample_n": 2, "publisher": "Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR Publications)", "source_title": "The Personal Emergency Response System as a Technology Innovation in Primary Health Care Services: An Integrative Review", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5727", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2016-07", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A total of 2 studies out of 33 (6%) found that about 25% of the respondents never wore the pendant", "locator": "Results, 'The End Users' Experiences With the Personal Emergency Response System'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Review also lists reasons users gave for not activating the alarm: 'wanted to manage on their own', 'forgot', 'see if it passes', 'don't want to be dragged off to hospital', 'afraid to bother'. One of the two studies is Heinbüchner 2010 (24%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#stokke-2016-review-quarter-never-wore-pendant", "citation_text": "Two of the 33 reviewed PERS studies found that about 25% of respondents never wore the pendant. Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR Publications), \"The Personal Emergency Response System as a Technology Innovation in Primary Health Care Services: An Integrative Review\" (https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5727). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#stokke-2016-review-quarter-never-wore-pendant." }, { "id": "stokke-2016-mcwhirter-false-alarms-40pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "One early PERS service evaluation cited in the review found that 40% of all alarm calls were false alarms.", "value": 40, "unit": "% of PERS calls", "display_value": "40%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Not stated in review excerpt (original study McWhirter 1987)", "period": "1987 (original study)", "population": "PERS call records", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Journal of Medical Internet Research (citing McWhirter 1987)", "source_title": "The Personal Emergency Response System as a Technology Innovation in Primary Health Care Services: An Integrative Review", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5727", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2016-07", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "40% of all calls were false alarms", "locator": "Results, end-user experiences subsection (citing McWhirter 1987)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Dated (1987) and of a manual button system, not automatic fall detection; use only as historical context.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#stokke-2016-mcwhirter-false-alarms-40pct", "citation_text": "One early PERS service evaluation cited in the review found that 40% of all alarm calls were false alarms. Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research (citing McWhirter 1987), \"The Personal Emergency Response System as a Technology Innovation in Primary Health Care Services: An Integrative Review\" (https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.5727). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#stokke-2016-mcwhirter-false-alarms-40pct." }, { "id": "zahradka-2025-pendant-worn-68pct-of-days", "family": "alarms", "statement": "In a six-month pilot of older adults at risk of falls given a PERS pendant, the median share of days the pendant was worn was 68.0% (IQR 56.1-84.4%).", "value": 68, "unit": "% of days (median; IQR 56.1-84.4)", "display_value": "68%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA (Boston MA, Houston TX, Los Angeles CA)", "period": "6-month pilot; published 2025", "population": "Older adults at high risk of falls (mean age 72±5)", "sample_n": 20, "publisher": "Innovation in Aging (Oxford University Press / GSA abstract supplement)", "source_title": "Self-Reported Health, PERS, and Social Care Use in Older Adults at Risk of Falls: Pilot Results (Zahradka N, Chung J, Momin A, Williams A, Torres Ruiz I, Najafi B)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12761017/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Median days of pendant wear was 68.0 (56.1 – 84.4)%", "locator": "Abstract, Results. DOI 10.1093/geroni/igaf122.2837", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Very small pilot (n=20); one site is Best Buy Health (Lively PERS vendor), so industry-affiliated. Objective (device-logged) wear data rather than self-report.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#zahradka-2025-pendant-worn-68pct-of-days", "citation_text": "In a six-month pilot of older adults at risk of falls given a PERS pendant, the median share of days the pendant was worn was 68.0% (IQR 56.1-84.4%). Source: Innovation in Aging (Oxford University Press / GSA abstract supplement), \"Self-Reported Health, PERS, and Social Care Use in Older Adults at Risk of Falls: Pilot Results (Zahradka N, Chung J, Momin A, Williams A, Torres Ruiz I, Najafi B)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12761017/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#zahradka-2025-pendant-worn-68pct-of-days." }, { "id": "chaudhuri-2015-false-alarms-83-of-84", "family": "alarms", "statement": "In a real-world trial of a wearable automatic fall-detection device with community-dwelling older adults, 83 of 84 fall alarms recorded were false alarms.", "value": 83, "unit": "false alarms out of 84 alarms", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA (University of Washington)", "period": "Participants had the device an average of 80.7 days (range 8-124); published 2015", "population": "Community-dwelling older adults", "sample_n": 18, "publisher": "Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley)", "source_title": "Real-World Accuracy and Use of a Wearable Fall Detection Device by Older Adults (Chaudhuri S, Oudejans D, Thompson HJ, Demiris G)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13804", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2015-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A total of 84 alarms indicating a fall were recorded, of which 83 were false alarms.", "locator": "Results (PMC4662041). J Am Geriatr Soc 2015;63(11):2415-2416", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Small pilot (n=18). 42.2% of false alarms occurred during normal use; 16.9% when participants dropped the device. Device used accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#chaudhuri-2015-false-alarms-83-of-84", "citation_text": "In a real-world trial of a wearable automatic fall-detection device with community-dwelling older adults, 83 of 84 fall alarms recorded were false alarms. Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley), \"Real-World Accuracy and Use of a Wearable Fall Detection Device by Older Adults (Chaudhuri S, Oudejans D, Thompson HJ, Demiris G)\" (https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13804). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#chaudhuri-2015-false-alarms-83-of-84." }, { "id": "chaudhuri-2015-real-falls-detected-1-of-4-while-worn", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Only one genuine fall was automatically detected; three further falls occurred while the device was worn but were not identified as falls.", "value": 1, "unit": "real falls detected (of 4 that occurred while the device was worn)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA (University of Washington)", "period": "Average 80.7 days of device use per participant; published 2015", "population": "Community-dwelling older adults", "sample_n": 18, "publisher": "Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley)", "source_title": "Real-World Accuracy and Use of a Wearable Fall Detection Device by Older Adults", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13804", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2015-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Three additional falls were reported by participants while wearing the device, although device did not identify them as such.", "locator": "Results (PMC4662041)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The extraction also reported that 8 further falls occurred while the device was not being worn (verbatim sentence not captured; confirm before quoting). Tiny numbers; illustrates both detection and wear gaps.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#chaudhuri-2015-real-falls-detected-1-of-4-while-worn", "citation_text": "Only one genuine fall was automatically detected; three further falls occurred while the device was worn but were not identified as falls. Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley), \"Real-World Accuracy and Use of a Wearable Fall Detection Device by Older Adults\" (https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13804). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#chaudhuri-2015-real-falls-detected-1-of-4-while-worn." }, { "id": "chaudhuri-2014-review-wearable-projects-tested-real-world-older-adults-7pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Of 57 wearable fall-detection projects in a systematic review, only 7.1% reported monitoring older adults in a real-world setting.", "value": 7.1, "unit": "% of 57 wearable-system projects", "display_value": "7.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (literature)", "period": "Literature to ~2013; published 2014", "population": "Published fall-detection device studies", "sample_n": 57, "publisher": "Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy (Wolters Kluwer)", "source_title": "Fall Detection Devices and their Use with Older Adults: A Systematic Review (Chaudhuri S, Thompson H, Demiris G)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0b013e3182abe779", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2014", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "7.1% reported monitoring older adults in a real world setting", "locator": "Results, wearable devices subsection (PMC4087103). J Geriatr Phys Ther 2014;37(4):178-196", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Review reports trunk-mounted wearable median sensitivity 97.5% (range 81-100) and specificity 96.9% (77-100), mostly from simulated falls by young volunteers; no non-wearable study used older adults in lab or real world.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#chaudhuri-2014-review-wearable-projects-tested-real-world-older-adults-7pct", "citation_text": "Of 57 wearable fall-detection projects in a systematic review, only 7.1% reported monitoring older adults in a real-world setting. Source: Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy (Wolters Kluwer), \"Fall Detection Devices and their Use with Older Adults: A Systematic Review (Chaudhuri S, Thompson H, Demiris G)\" (https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0b013e3182abe779). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#chaudhuri-2014-review-wearable-projects-tested-real-world-older-adults-7pct." }, { "id": "bagala-2012-real-world-fall-algorithms-sensitivity-57pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Thirteen published accelerometer fall-detection algorithms re-tested on 29 real-world falls achieved an average sensitivity of only 57.0% (SD 27.3; best 82.8%).", "value": 57, "unit": "% sensitivity (mean of 13 algorithms; SD 27.3; max 82.8)", "display_value": "57%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Europe/Israel (multi-centre; falls recorded in a progressive supranuclear palsy cohort and others)", "period": "Published 2012-05-16", "population": "Real-world falls recorded by waist-worn accelerometer (signals of 32 falls from 15 subjects collected; 29 analysed)", "sample_n": 29, "publisher": "PLOS ONE", "source_title": "Evaluation of Accelerometer-Based Fall Detection Algorithms on Real-World Falls (Bagalà F, Becker C, Cappello A, Chiari L, Aminian K, Hausdorff JM, et al.)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037062", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2012-05-16", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The SP average of the thirteen algorithms, was (mean±std) 83.0%±30.3% (maximum value = 98%). The SE was considerably lower (SE = 57.0%±27.3%, maximum value = 82.8%)", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Key lab-vs-real-world evidence: authors state algorithms successful on simulated falls did not perform well on real falls. Falls mostly from a neurological (PSP) cohort, mean age 66, not typical community seniors.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#bagala-2012-real-world-fall-algorithms-sensitivity-57pct", "citation_text": "Thirteen published accelerometer fall-detection algorithms re-tested on 29 real-world falls achieved an average sensitivity of only 57.0% (SD 27.3; best 82.8%). Source: PLOS ONE, \"Evaluation of Accelerometer-Based Fall Detection Algorithms on Real-World Falls (Bagalà F, Becker C, Cappello A, Chiari L, Aminian K, Hausdorff JM, et al.)\" (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037062). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#bagala-2012-real-world-fall-algorithms-sensitivity-57pct." }, { "id": "bagala-2012-false-alarms-per-day-3-to-85", "family": "alarms", "statement": "During one day of monitoring three representative fallers, the number of false alarms generated by the 13 fall-detection algorithms ranged from 3 to 85.", "value": 85, "unit": "false alarms per 24 h (maximum across algorithms; minimum 3)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Europe/Israel (multi-centre)", "period": "Published 2012-05-16", "population": "Three representative fallers monitored for 24 hours", "sample_n": 3, "publisher": "PLOS ONE", "source_title": "Evaluation of Accelerometer-Based Fall Detection Algorithms on Real-World Falls", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037062", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2012-05-16", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The number of false alarms generated by the algorithms during 1-day monitoring of three representative fallers ranged from 3 to 85.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Best algorithm (Bourke3): 83% sensitivity, 97% specificity, 0.21 false alarms per hour (per article body as extracted).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#bagala-2012-false-alarms-per-day-3-to-85", "citation_text": "During one day of monitoring three representative fallers, the number of false alarms generated by the 13 fall-detection algorithms ranged from 3 to 85. Source: PLOS ONE, \"Evaluation of Accelerometer-Based Fall Detection Algorithms on Real-World Falls\" (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037062). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#bagala-2012-false-alarms-per-day-3-to-85." }, { "id": "lipsitz-2016-pendant-afd-sensitivity-19pct-nursing-home", "family": "alarms", "statement": "A pendant-worn automatic fall-detection device detected 17 of 89 falls recorded by nursing-home staff (sensitivity 19%) over six months.", "value": 19, "unit": "% sensitivity (17/89 falls, within an 8-hour window)", "display_value": "19%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Boston, Massachusetts, USA (Hebrew SeniorLife nursing home)", "period": "6-month prospective study; published 2016", "population": "Nursing-home residents with at least one fall in prior 12 months (mean age 86.2±8.1; 66% female)", "sample_n": 62, "publisher": "Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley)", "source_title": "Evaluation of an Automated Falls Detection Device in Nursing Home Residents (Lipsitz LA, Tchalla AE, Iloputaife I, Gagnon M, Dole K, Su ZZ, Klickstein L)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13708", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2016", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The device detected 17 of 89 total falls that nursing staff recorded (sensitivity 19%) within an 8-hour time window.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Investigational Philips pendant device (per press coverage; abstract says 'investigational fall detection device'). Frail nursing-home population; many falls were likely slow/low-impact. Conclusion: 'poor concordance'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lipsitz-2016-pendant-afd-sensitivity-19pct-nursing-home", "citation_text": "A pendant-worn automatic fall-detection device detected 17 of 89 falls recorded by nursing-home staff (sensitivity 19%) over six months. Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley), \"Evaluation of an Automated Falls Detection Device in Nursing Home Residents (Lipsitz LA, Tchalla AE, Iloputaife I, Gagnon M, Dole K, Su ZZ, Klickstein L)\" (https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13708). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lipsitz-2016-pendant-afd-sensitivity-19pct-nursing-home." }, { "id": "lipsitz-2016-pendant-afd-false-positives-87pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Of 128 fall events the automatic fall-detection pendant recorded, 111 (87%) were false positives.", "value": 87, "unit": "% of device-recorded fall events (111/128)", "display_value": "87%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Boston, Massachusetts, USA", "period": "6-month prospective study; published 2016", "population": "Nursing-home residents with fall history (N=62)", "sample_n": 128, "publisher": "Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley)", "source_title": "Evaluation of an Automated Falls Detection Device in Nursing Home Residents", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13708", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2016", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of 128 fall events that the device recorded, 17 were concordant with nursing reports (13%) within an 8-hour time window, and 111 (87%) were false positives.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Same study as the 19% sensitivity record.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lipsitz-2016-pendant-afd-false-positives-87pct", "citation_text": "Of 128 fall events the automatic fall-detection pendant recorded, 111 (87%) were false positives. Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley), \"Evaluation of an Automated Falls Detection Device in Nursing Home Residents\" (https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13708). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lipsitz-2016-pendant-afd-false-positives-87pct." }, { "id": "brew-2022-smartwatch-app-induced-falls-sensitivity-77pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "A threshold-based smartwatch fall-detection app detected 77% of 226 induced falls (specificity 99%) in healthy adults aged 18-52.", "value": 76.99, "unit": "% sensitivity (95% CI 70.95-82.31)", "display_value": "76.99%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Australia (St Vincent's Hospital Sydney affiliation)", "period": "Published 2022-03", "population": "Healthy volunteers aged 18-52 performing induced falls onto a mat", "sample_n": 22, "publisher": "JMIR Formative Research (JMIR Publications)", "source_title": "Effectiveness of a Smartwatch App in Detecting Induced Falls: Observational Study (Brew B, Faux SG, Blanchard E)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2196/30121", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-03", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Sensitivity: 76.99 (70.95-82.31) ... Specificity: 98.88 (96.76-99.77)", "locator": "Results table/abstract (PMC8981002). False-positive rate 1.7%; false-negative rate 16.4%", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Laboratory induced falls by young healthy adults (My Medic Watch app on three smartwatch models), not older adults; authors flag this limitation explicitly.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#brew-2022-smartwatch-app-induced-falls-sensitivity-77pct", "citation_text": "A threshold-based smartwatch fall-detection app detected 77% of 226 induced falls (specificity 99%) in healthy adults aged 18-52. Source: JMIR Formative Research (JMIR Publications), \"Effectiveness of a Smartwatch App in Detecting Induced Falls: Observational Study (Brew B, Faux SG, Blanchard E)\" (https://doi.org/10.2196/30121). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#brew-2022-smartwatch-app-induced-falls-sensitivity-77pct." }, { "id": "abou-2022-apple-watch-wheelchair-falls-sensitivity-4-7pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Apple Watch Series 5 Fall Detection recognised only 14 of 300 intentional falls from a wheelchair by able-bodied young adults (sensitivity 4.7%).", "value": 4.7, "unit": "% sensitivity (14/300 falls)", "display_value": "4.7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA (University of Illinois)", "period": "Published online 2021; journal issue 2022", "population": "Able-bodied young adults (age 21.9±2.5) falling from a wheelchair in a laboratory", "sample_n": 25, "publisher": "Assistive Technology (Taylor & Francis / RESNA)", "source_title": "Sensitivity of Apple Watch fall detection feature among wheelchair users (Abou L, Fliflet A, Hawari L, Presti P, Sosnoff JJ, Mahajan HP, Frechette ML, Rice LA)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2021.1923087", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2022", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The Apple Watch fall detection feature presented with a very poor sensitivity to detect intentional falls from a wheelchair among able bodied young adults.", "locator": "Abstract (conclusion); results: 14 falls detected of 300, sensitivity 4.7%, false negative rate 95.3%", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Not an older-adult or standing-fall study; shows the feature is tuned to hard, standing-height impacts. Falls onto a crash pad.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#abou-2022-apple-watch-wheelchair-falls-sensitivity-4-7pct", "citation_text": "Apple Watch Series 5 Fall Detection recognised only 14 of 300 intentional falls from a wheelchair by able-bodied young adults (sensitivity 4.7%). Source: Assistive Technology (Taylor & Francis / RESNA), \"Sensitivity of Apple Watch fall detection feature among wheelchair users (Abou L, Fliflet A, Hawari L, Presti P, Sosnoff JJ, Mahajan HP, Frechette ML, Rice LA)\" (https://doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2021.1923087). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#abou-2022-apple-watch-wheelchair-falls-sensitivity-4-7pct." }, { "id": "apple-fall-detection-cannot-detect-all-falls", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Apple states that Apple Watch cannot detect all falls, and that high-impact activity can trigger Fall Detection in error.", "value": null, "unit": "qualitative manufacturer statement", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global (Apple support documentation, US English)", "period": "Support page last updated 2026-05-06", "population": "Apple Watch users", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Apple Inc.", "source_title": "Use Fall Detection with Apple Watch (Apple Support)", "source_url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/108896", "source_type": "manufacturer", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-05-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Apple Watch cannot detect all falls. Your watch might detect high-impact activity as a fall and trigger Fall Detection.", "locator": "Apple Support article 108896, body text", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Label as manufacturer statement. Same page: Fall Detection is on automatically for users aged 55 and over if age is set in Medical ID/Health Profile; the watch waits about one minute of immobility before auto-calling emergency services.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#apple-fall-detection-cannot-detect-all-falls", "citation_text": "Apple states that Apple Watch cannot detect all falls, and that high-impact activity can trigger Fall Detection in error. Source: Apple Inc., \"Use Fall Detection with Apple Watch (Apple Support)\" (https://support.apple.com/en-us/108896). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#apple-fall-detection-cannot-detect-all-falls." }, { "id": "apple-fall-detection-default-on-age-55", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Apple Watch Fall Detection is turned on automatically for users aged 55 and over (if their age is set up in Medical ID / Health Profile).", "value": 55, "unit": "years (age threshold for default-on)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global (Apple support documentation)", "period": "Support page last updated 2026-05-06", "population": "Apple Watch users", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Apple Inc.", "source_title": "Use Fall Detection with Apple Watch (Apple Support)", "source_url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/108896", "source_type": "manufacturer", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-05-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Fall Detection activates automatically for users aged 55 and over (if age is properly configured in Medical ID and Health Profile)", "locator": "Apple Support article 108896 (wording as extracted; check exact phrasing before quoting verbatim)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Supported models: Apple Watch SE, Series 4 or later, Ultra. Extraction paraphrased slightly; re-read page for exact sentence if quoting.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#apple-fall-detection-default-on-age-55", "citation_text": "Apple Watch Fall Detection is turned on automatically for users aged 55 and over (if their age is set up in Medical ID / Health Profile). Source: Apple Inc., \"Use Fall Detection with Apple Watch (Apple Support)\" (https://support.apple.com/en-us/108896). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#apple-fall-detection-default-on-age-55." }, { "id": "apple-watch-auto-call-after-60s-immobility", "family": "alarms", "statement": "If Apple Watch senses immobility for 60 seconds after a fall notification, it automatically calls emergency services.", "value": 60, "unit": "seconds of immobility before automatic emergency call", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global (Apple press release, US)", "period": "Announced 2018-09-12", "population": "Apple Watch Series 4 and later users", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Apple Inc. (Newsroom)", "source_title": "Redesigned Apple Watch Series 4 revolutionizes communication, fitness and health", "source_url": "https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2018/09/redesigned-apple-watch-series-4-revolutionizes-communication-fitness-and-health/", "source_type": "manufacturer", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2018-09-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "If Apple Watch senses immobility for 60 seconds after the notification, it will automatically call emergency services.", "locator": "Press release, fall detection paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Press release also states the accelerometer and gyroscope measure up to 32 g-forces and that detection analyses 'wrist trajectory and impact acceleration' - i.e., tuned to hard falls.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#apple-watch-auto-call-after-60s-immobility", "citation_text": "If Apple Watch senses immobility for 60 seconds after a fall notification, it automatically calls emergency services. Source: Apple Inc. (Newsroom), \"Redesigned Apple Watch Series 4 revolutionizes communication, fitness and health\" (https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2018/09/redesigned-apple-watch-series-4-revolutionizes-communication-fitness-and-health/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#apple-watch-auto-call-after-60s-immobility." }, { "id": "lifeline-autoalert-does-not-detect-100pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Lifeline (formerly Philips Lifeline) states that its AutoAlert fall detection does not detect 100% of falls and that users should press their button when they need help.", "value": null, "unit": "qualitative manufacturer disclaimer", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Page accessed 2026-10-08 (blog dated 2025-07-10)", "population": "Lifeline medical alert subscribers", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Lifeline Systems", "source_title": "Automatic Fall Detection Systems for Seniors | Lifeline (and blog 'How Fall Detection Works: Sensors, Accuracy, and What Happens Next')", "source_url": "https://www.lifeline.com/medical-alert-systems/fall-detection/", "source_type": "manufacturer", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-07-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Fall detection, including AutoAlert, does not detect 100% of falls. If able, users should always press their button when they need help.", "locator": "Footer disclaimer on fall-detection product page; blog FAQ: 'No automatic fall detection catches every fall.'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The widely repeated 'AutoAlert detects more than 95% of falls' marketing figure was NOT found on Lifeline's own current pages (it appears on third-party/hospital pages); treat as unverified marketing claim and do not cite as a statistic.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lifeline-autoalert-does-not-detect-100pct", "citation_text": "Lifeline (formerly Philips Lifeline) states that its AutoAlert fall detection does not detect 100% of falls and that users should press their button when they need help. Source: Lifeline Systems, \"Automatic Fall Detection Systems for Seniors | Lifeline (and blog 'How Fall Detection Works: Sensors, Accuracy, and What Happens Next')\" (https://www.lifeline.com/medical-alert-systems/fall-detection/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lifeline-autoalert-does-not-detect-100pct." }, { "id": "pew-2025-smartphone-ownership-65plus-78pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "78% of US adults aged 65 and older own a smartphone (2025).", "value": 78, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "78%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Survey fielded 2025-02-05 to 2025-06-18", "population": "US adults aged 65 and older", "sample_n": 5022, "publisher": "Pew Research Center", "source_title": "Mobile Fact Sheet (Demographics of Mobile Device Ownership and Adoption in the United States); also short read 'Internet use, smartphone ownership, digital divides in the US: What we know' (McClain C, Bishop W, 2026-01-08)", "source_url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-20", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "97% of adults under 50 and 90% of those ages 50 to 64 have a smartphone ... 78% of them still do [adults 65+]", "locator": "Fact sheet table 'Who owns cellphones and smartphones?' (Ages 65+: smartphone 78, cellphone 95); short read of 2026-01-08", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Margin of error ±1.9 points for full sample. Useful contrast with ~9% PERS ownership (industry survey) and ~36% wearable ownership among 65-74 (Rock Health).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#pew-2025-smartphone-ownership-65plus-78pct", "citation_text": "78% of US adults aged 65 and older own a smartphone (2025). Source: Pew Research Center, \"Mobile Fact Sheet (Demographics of Mobile Device Ownership and Adoption in the United States); also short read 'Internet use, smartphone ownership, digital divides in the US: What we know' (McClain C, Bishop W, 2026-01-08)\" (https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#pew-2025-smartphone-ownership-65plus-78pct." }, { "id": "pew-2025-cellphone-any-kind-65plus-95pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "95% of US adults aged 65 and older own a cellphone of any kind (2025).", "value": 95, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "95%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Survey fielded 2025-02-05 to 2025-06-18", "population": "US adults aged 65 and older", "sample_n": 5022, "publisher": "Pew Research Center", "source_title": "Mobile Fact Sheet", "source_url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-20", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Ages 65+: Smartphone ownership: 78 percent; Cellphone ownership: 95 percent (table values)", "locator": "Fact sheet table 'Who owns cellphones and smartphones?', 2025 row", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Table values (not a prose sentence). Ages 50-64: smartphone 90%, cellphone 98%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#pew-2025-cellphone-any-kind-65plus-95pct", "citation_text": "95% of US adults aged 65 and older own a cellphone of any kind (2025). Source: Pew Research Center, \"Mobile Fact Sheet\" (https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#pew-2025-cellphone-any-kind-65plus-95pct." }, { "id": "aarp-2026-smartphone-ownership-50plus-90pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "90% of US adults aged 50+ own a smartphone in 2025, up from 55% in 2016.", "value": 90, "unit": "% of adults 50+", "display_value": "90%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Survey fielded 2025-09-09 to 2025-10-06; report December 2025", "population": "US adults aged 50 and older", "sample_n": 3083, "publisher": "AARP Research", "source_title": "2026 Tech Trends and Adults 50-Plus (DOI 10.26419/res.01020.001)", "source_url": "https://www.aarp.org/pri/topics/technology/internet-media-devices/2026-technology-trends-older-adults/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Ownership of smartphones increased from 55% in 2016 to 90% in 2025.", "locator": "Executive summary, p.4; device-ownership chart p.15 (Base: Total 50-plus Respondents n=3,083)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Report PDF dated December 2025; web page updated 2026-07-20.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#aarp-2026-smartphone-ownership-50plus-90pct", "citation_text": "90% of US adults aged 50+ own a smartphone in 2025, up from 55% in 2016. Source: AARP Research, \"2026 Tech Trends and Adults 50-Plus (DOI 10.26419/res.01020.001)\" (https://www.aarp.org/pri/topics/technology/internet-media-devices/2026-technology-trends-older-adults/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#aarp-2026-smartphone-ownership-50plus-90pct." }, { "id": "aarp-2026-wearable-ownership-50plus-35pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "35% of US adults aged 50+ own a wearable device (2025), up from 11% in 2016; wearables are the one device category still owned more by adults 18-49.", "value": 35, "unit": "% of adults 50+", "display_value": "35%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Survey fielded 2025-09-09 to 2025-10-06; report December 2025", "population": "US adults aged 50 and older", "sample_n": 3083, "publisher": "AARP Research", "source_title": "2026 Tech Trends and Adults 50-Plus", "source_url": "https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/topics/technology/internet-media-devices/2026-technology-trends-older-adults.doi.10.26419-2fres.01020.001.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Older adults own modern technology at the same rate as younger adults, with the one exception being wearables, which are more commonly owned by adults ages 18-49 than those age 50-plus. ... Wearable device 35%", "locator": "p.14 (age comparison) and p.15 device-ownership chart 'Percent of adults who own the following technology devices, Among adults age 50+'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "CONFLICT: AARP's web summary and press coverage round this to 36%; the PDF chart label reads 35%. Cite 35% with the PDF, or say 'about a third'. 2016 baseline 11% appears in the decade-trend section.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#aarp-2026-wearable-ownership-50plus-35pct", "citation_text": "35% of US adults aged 50+ own a wearable device (2025), up from 11% in 2016; wearables are the one device category still owned more by adults 18-49. Source: AARP Research, \"2026 Tech Trends and Adults 50-Plus\" (https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/topics/technology/internet-media-devices/2026-technology-trends-older-adults.doi.10.26419-2fres.01020.001.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#aarp-2026-wearable-ownership-50plus-35pct." }, { "id": "aarp-2026-caregivers-using-emergency-response-systems-12pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Among US adults 50+ who have provided caregiving, 12% currently use an emergency response system (physically or voice-activated) for the person they care for; 36% are interested.", "value": 12, "unit": "% of caregivers 50+ currently using (36% interested)", "display_value": "12%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Survey fielded 2025-09-09 to 2025-10-06", "population": "US adults aged 50+ who have provided caregiving assistance", "sample_n": 3083, "publisher": "AARP Research", "source_title": "2026 Tech Trends and Adults 50-Plus", "source_url": "https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/topics/technology/internet-media-devices/2026-technology-trends-older-adults.doi.10.26419-2fres.01020.001.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Emergency response systems - physically or voice activated systems to alert emergency care 12% 36%", "locator": "'Use and interest in caregiver tech' chart (Currently use / Interested / Not interested columns), caregiving section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Chart row; the 'Not interested' value for this row was not legible in extracted text. Measures caregiver-side use, not older adults' own ownership.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#aarp-2026-caregivers-using-emergency-response-systems-12pct", "citation_text": "Among US adults 50+ who have provided caregiving, 12% currently use an emergency response system (physically or voice-activated) for the person they care for; 36% are interested. Source: AARP Research, \"2026 Tech Trends and Adults 50-Plus\" (https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/topics/technology/internet-media-devices/2026-technology-trends-older-adults.doi.10.26419-2fres.01020.001.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#aarp-2026-caregivers-using-emergency-response-systems-12pct." }, { "id": "rockhealth-2024-boomers-65-74-smartwatch-or-connected-device-36pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "36% of US Baby Boomers (ages 65-74) own a smartwatch or connected health device (2024), versus 66% of Millennials.", "value": 36, "unit": "% of adults 65-74", "display_value": "36%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Survey fielded 2024-11-01 to 2024-12-03; published 2025-03-17", "population": "US adults aged 65-74 (Baby Boomers as defined by Rock Health)", "sample_n": 8032, "publisher": "Rock Health", "source_title": "Screenagers to Silver Surfers: How each generation clicks with care (Knowles M, Krasniansky A, Kaganoff S)", "source_url": "https://rockhealth.com/insights/screenagers-to-silver-surfers-how-each-generation-clicks-with-care/", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-03-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "36% own a smartwatch or connected device.", "locator": "Baby Boomers (ages 65-74) section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "No figure given for Silent Generation (75+). Rock Health is a venture/research firm; survey is census-matched online panel. Gen Z 60%, Millennials 66%, Gen X 50%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#rockhealth-2024-boomers-65-74-smartwatch-or-connected-device-36pct", "citation_text": "36% of US Baby Boomers (ages 65-74) own a smartwatch or connected health device (2024), versus 66% of Millennials. Source: Rock Health, \"Screenagers to Silver Surfers: How each generation clicks with care (Knowles M, Krasniansky A, Kaganoff S)\" (https://rockhealth.com/insights/screenagers-to-silver-surfers-how-each-generation-clicks-with-care/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#rockhealth-2024-boomers-65-74-smartwatch-or-connected-device-36pct." }, { "id": "nyman-victor-2014-elsa-personal-call-alarm-use-6pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Only 6% of community-dwelling adults aged 65+ with mobility or daily-living difficulties in England reported using a personal call alarm.", "value": 6, "unit": "% of respondents (180/3,091)", "display_value": "6%", "display_label": "among adults 65 and over with mobility or daily-living difficulties in England (ELSA, 2014)", "display_hook": "use a personal call alarm", "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England, UK", "period": "Cross-sectional ELSA data (wave/year not stated in abstract); published online 2012, in print 2014", "population": "Community-dwelling adults 65+ with difficulty in mobility or activities of daily living (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing)", "sample_n": 3091, "publisher": "Ageing & Society (Cambridge University Press)", "source_title": "Use of personal call alarms among community-dwelling older people (Nyman SR, Victor CR)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X12000803", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2014-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "One hundred and eighty people self-reported using a personal call alarm (6%)", "locator": "Abstract. Ageing & Society 2014;34(1):67-89", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Denominator is a higher-risk subset (those with mobility/ADL difficulty), so population-wide ownership would be lower still. Abstract: 'Personal call alarm use may be markedly lower than the 30 per cent annual incidence of falls among community-dwelling older people.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nyman-victor-2014-elsa-personal-call-alarm-use-6pct", "citation_text": "Only 6% of community-dwelling adults aged 65+ with mobility or daily-living difficulties in England reported using a personal call alarm. Source: Ageing & Society (Cambridge University Press), \"Use of personal call alarms among community-dwelling older people (Nyman SR, Victor CR)\" (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X12000803). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nyman-victor-2014-elsa-personal-call-alarm-use-6pct." }, { "id": "desanmiguel-2017-no-difference-time-on-floor-purchasers-vs-nonpurchasers", "family": "alarms", "statement": "In a 12-month prospective cohort of 295 community-dwelling older adults, outcomes after an emergency were similar for personal-alarm purchasers and non-purchasers, with no difference in time spent on the floor or hospitalisations.", "value": null, "unit": "qualitative finding (no statistically significant difference)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Western Australia (authors' affiliations; abstract says 'community dwelling older adults')", "period": "12 months of follow-up; published 2017", "population": "Community-dwelling older adults who did or did not purchase a personal alarm service", "sample_n": 295, "publisher": "Home Health Care Services Quarterly (Taylor & Francis)", "source_title": "Personal emergency alarms: do health outcomes differ for purchasers and nonpurchasers? (De San Miguel K, Lewin G, Burton EL, Howat P, Boldy D, Toye C)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01621424.2017.1373718", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2017", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Outcomes experienced after an emergency were similar for both groups with no differences found in terms of time spent on floor, or hospitalizations.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Important counter-evidence: owning an alarm did not shorten floor time in this cohort (purchasers did report feeling safer and being more active at home). Observational; self-selected purchasers.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#desanmiguel-2017-no-difference-time-on-floor-purchasers-vs-nonpurchasers", "citation_text": "In a 12-month prospective cohort of 295 community-dwelling older adults, outcomes after an emergency were similar for personal-alarm purchasers and non-purchasers, with no difference in time spent on the floor or hospitalisations. Source: Home Health Care Services Quarterly (Taylor & Francis), \"Personal emergency alarms: do health outcomes differ for purchasers and nonpurchasers? (De San Miguel K, Lewin G, Burton EL, Howat P, Boldy D, Toye C)\" (https://doi.org/10.1080/01621424.2017.1373718). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#desanmiguel-2017-no-difference-time-on-floor-purchasers-vs-nonpurchasers." }, { "id": "medpac-2025-ma-enrollees-in-plans-offering-pers-12pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "In 2025, 12% of Medicare Advantage enrollees were in plans offering a personal emergency response system (PERS) benefit, up from 7% in 2018.", "value": 12, "unit": "% of MA enrollees in plans offering the benefit (2025); 7% in 2018", "display_value": "12%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Plan years 2018 and 2025", "population": "Medicare Advantage enrollees (conventional plans and special-needs plans; excludes employer group plans)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC)", "source_title": "Report to the Congress: Medicare and the Health Care Delivery System, June 2025, Chapter 2: Supplemental benefits in Medicare Advantage", "source_url": "https://www.medpac.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Jun25_Ch2_MedPAC_Report_To_Congress_SEC.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Personal emergency response system 7% 12% ... Share of enrollees in a plan offering the benefit", "locator": "Figure 2-8 'The share of MA enrollees in plans offering primarily health-related supplemental benefits has expanded significantly since 2018, 2018-2025' (chapter p.102)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure note: 'shows the share of MA enrollees in plans offering any mandatory coverage of the service; plan-specified coverage limits may apply.' Offering a benefit does not mean enrollees receive it. Traditional Medicare does not cover PERS. Compare fitness benefit 93%, OTC 84%, meals 73%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#medpac-2025-ma-enrollees-in-plans-offering-pers-12pct", "citation_text": "In 2025, 12% of Medicare Advantage enrollees were in plans offering a personal emergency response system (PERS) benefit, up from 7% in 2018. Source: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC), \"Report to the Congress: Medicare and the Health Care Delivery System, June 2025, Chapter 2: Supplemental benefits in Medicare Advantage\" (https://www.medpac.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Jun25_Ch2_MedPAC_Report_To_Congress_SEC.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#medpac-2025-ma-enrollees-in-plans-offering-pers-12pct." }, { "id": "seniorlist-2026-pers-ownership-65plus-9pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "9% of US adults aged 65+ currently use a medical alert system / PERS, unchanged from the same survey in 2023 (industry online-panel survey).", "value": 9, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "9%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Fielded 2026-05-04 to 2026-05-05", "population": "US adults aged 65+ (online panel)", "sample_n": 909, "publisher": "TheSeniorList.com (consumer review site)", "source_title": "2026 Medical Alert Device Usage Report", "source_url": "https://www.theseniorlist.com/research/medical-alert-device-consumer-usage-study/", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-06-22", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Nine percent of U.S. adults aged 65 and older currently use a medical alert system or personal emergency response system (PERS)", "locator": "Report key findings, ownership section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Publisher earns affiliate revenue from medical-alert reviews; not a competitor of CareTrigger but not independent. No peer-reviewed US national estimate of PERS ownership was found; flag as 'industry survey' if used. Top reasons for non-use: no health concerns 49%, living with others 36%, not feeling old enough 32%, cost 23%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#seniorlist-2026-pers-ownership-65plus-9pct", "citation_text": "9% of US adults aged 65+ currently use a medical alert system / PERS, unchanged from the same survey in 2023 (industry online-panel survey). Source: TheSeniorList.com (consumer review site), \"2026 Medical Alert Device Usage Report\" (https://www.theseniorlist.com/research/medical-alert-device-consumer-usage-study/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#seniorlist-2026-pers-ownership-65plus-9pct." }, { "id": "seniorlist-2026-pers-users-wear-at-all-times-18pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Only 18% of current medical-alert users say they wear or carry their device at all times (industry survey).", "value": 18, "unit": "% of current PERS users", "display_value": "18%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Fielded 2026-05-04 to 2026-05-05", "population": "US adults 65+ who currently use a medical alert device (subset of 909)", "sample_n": 909, "publisher": "TheSeniorList.com", "source_title": "2026 Medical Alert Device Usage Report", "source_url": "https://www.theseniorlist.com/research/medical-alert-device-consumer-usage-study/", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-06-22", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Only 18% of current users wear or carry their device at all times", "locator": "Report key findings, wear-habits section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Very small effective subsample; directionally consistent with Heinbüchner 2010 (14% wear 24 h). Same report: nearly half of users reported experiencing false alarms.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#seniorlist-2026-pers-users-wear-at-all-times-18pct", "citation_text": "Only 18% of current medical-alert users say they wear or carry their device at all times (industry survey). Source: TheSeniorList.com, \"2026 Medical Alert Device Usage Report\" (https://www.theseniorlist.com/research/medical-alert-device-consumer-usage-study/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#seniorlist-2026-pers-users-wear-at-all-times-18pct." }, { "id": "seniorlist-2026-pers-users-not-worn-in-shower-64pct", "family": "alarms", "statement": "64% of medical-alert users report not wearing the device in the shower (industry survey).", "value": 64, "unit": "% of current PERS users", "display_value": "64%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "USA", "period": "Fielded 2026-05-04 to 2026-05-05", "population": "US adults 65+ who currently use a medical alert device", "sample_n": 909, "publisher": "TheSeniorList.com", "source_title": "2026 Medical Alert Device Usage Report", "source_url": "https://www.theseniorlist.com/research/medical-alert-device-consumer-usage-study/", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-06-22", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "64% report not wearing it in the shower, one of the highest-risk environments for falls", "locator": "Report key findings, wear-habits section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Consistent with De San Miguel & Lewin 2008 (Australia, 2,610 alarm users surveyed): 'use is low in the shower/bath and in bed at night' (qualitative; no percentage in abstract).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#seniorlist-2026-pers-users-not-worn-in-shower-64pct", "citation_text": "64% of medical-alert users report not wearing the device in the shower (industry survey). Source: TheSeniorList.com, \"2026 Medical Alert Device Usage Report\" (https://www.theseniorlist.com/research/medical-alert-device-consumer-usage-study/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#seniorlist-2026-pers-users-not-worn-in-shower-64pct." }, { "id": "johnston-2010-ambulance-fallers-owning-alarm-20-of-31", "family": "alarms", "statement": "Of 31 older people interviewed after calling an ambulance following a fall, 20 owned a personal alarm; the study identified a group who owned an alarm but did not use it effectively.", "value": 20, "unit": "alarm owners of 31 interviewees", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Adelaide, South Australia", "period": "Published 2010-08-11", "population": "Community-dwelling older people who called an ambulance after a fall", "sample_n": 31, "publisher": "International Journal of General Medicine (Dove Medical Press)", "source_title": "Perspectives on use of personal alarms by older fallers (Johnston K, Grimmer-Somers K, Sutherland M)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S12603", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2010-08-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Twenty callers owned personal alarms", "locator": "Results. Int J Gen Med 2010;3:231-237", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Qualitative; four groups: effective users ('alarm champions'), owners who did not use effectively, non-owners receptive (cost barrier), non-owners who would not use one. Useful for 'why people don't press' narrative, not for a headline number.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#johnston-2010-ambulance-fallers-owning-alarm-20-of-31", "citation_text": "Of 31 older people interviewed after calling an ambulance following a fall, 20 owned a personal alarm; the study identified a group who owned an alarm but did not use it effectively. Source: International Journal of General Medicine (Dove Medical Press), \"Perspectives on use of personal alarms by older fallers (Johnston K, Grimmer-Somers K, Sutherland M)\" (https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S12603). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#johnston-2010-ambulance-fallers-owning-alarm-20-of-31." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2024-died-alone-at-home-total", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In 2024, 76,020 people in Japan who lived alone died at home and were handled by police — 37.2% of all 204,184 police-handled bodies that year (first full-year national count).", "value": 76020, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "People living alone who died at home, all ages, all causes (police-handled bodies)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan (警察庁刑事局捜査第一課)", "source_title": "令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/news/release/2025/20250401002.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "令和６年中における警察取扱死体20万4,184体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者は７万6,020体（37.2%） | EN: Of 204,184 police-handled bodies in 2024, 76,020 (37.2%) were people living alone who died at home.", "locator": "NPA release page, opening sentence; PDF table '総数 76,020'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "jp-npa-annual", "history": [], "notes": "NPA counts bodies handled by police (警察取扱死体) where the deceased lived alone and died at home, from ANY cause including suicide; days elapsed = from physician-estimated time of death to police recognition. It is not a count of 'lonely deaths' per se; the Cabinet Office derives its koritsushi estimate from the 8+ day band. NPA page is dated April 2025 (URL id 20250401002); Nikkei/Jiji reported the release on 11 April 2025. A corrections notice (seigohyou.pdf) fixed the '4-7 days' split by age; figures here are from the corrected PDF.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-died-alone-at-home-total", "citation_text": "In 2024, 76,020 people in Japan who lived alone died at home and were handled by police — 37.2% of all 204,184 police-handled bodies that year (first full-year national count). Source: National Police Agency of Japan (警察庁刑事局捜査第一課), \"令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/news/release/2025/20250401002.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-died-alone-at-home-total." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2024-died-alone-at-home-65plus", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Of the 76,020 people who died alone at home in Japan in 2024, 58,044 (76.4%) were aged 65 or over.", "value": 58044, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "People aged 65+ living alone who died at home (police-handled)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "うち65歳以上 58,044 | EN: of which aged 65 and over: 58,044 (table row). Nikkei: 'うち76.4%の5万8044人が65歳以上' (of which 76.4%, 58,044, were 65+).", "locator": "PDF, 経過日数別 table, row うち65歳以上; share also in Nikkei 2025-04-11 (https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUE1144T0R10C25A4000000/)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "jp-npa-annual-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "Largest age band was 85+ (14,658), then 75-79 (12,567), 70-74 (11,600), 80-84 (11,373), 65-69 (7,846). Under-65: 17,818; age unknown: 158.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-died-alone-at-home-65plus", "citation_text": "Of the 76,020 people who died alone at home in Japan in 2024, 58,044 (76.4%) were aged 65 or over. Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-died-alone-at-home-65plus." }, { "id": "jp-cao-2024-isolated-deaths-8plus-days", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Japan's Cabinet Office estimates 21,856 'isolated deaths' (孤立死) in 2024 — people living alone who died at home and were found 8 or more days after death (men 17,364; women 4,466).", "value": 21856, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "People living alone who died at home and were found >=8 days after death (all ages)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Japan (内閣府 孤独・孤立対策推進室; 「孤独死・孤立死」WG)", "source_title": "孤立死者数の推計方法等について ～「警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者」をもとに～ 「孤独死・孤立死」ＷＧ取りまとめ (2025-04-11)", "source_url": "https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/wg/r6/pdf/houkokusyo.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "生前に社会的に孤立していたことが強く推認される「死後８日以上」を経過していたものは、21,856件である。 | EN: Those found 8+ days after death — strongly presumed socially isolated in life — number 21,856.", "locator": "WG report p.15, section 5(3); sex/age table on same page; equals sum of NPA 8-14…366+ columns", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "jp-koritsushi-annual", "history": [], "notes": "Men 17,364 / women 4,466 / unknown 26 (79.4% men). By age (8+ days): 70-74 = 4,277, 65-69 = 3,102, 60-64 = 2,307, 55-59 = 1,688, 50-54 = 1,052. Reference '4+ days' figure: 31,843. The WG stresses this is a 目安 (yardstick) estimate, not an exhaustive count of isolated deaths.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-cao-2024-isolated-deaths-8plus-days", "citation_text": "Japan's Cabinet Office estimates 21,856 'isolated deaths' (孤立死) in 2024 — people living alone who died at home and were found 8 or more days after death (men 17,364; women 4,466). Source: Cabinet Office, Japan (内閣府 孤独・孤立対策推進室; 「孤独死・孤立死」WG), \"孤立死者数の推計方法等について ～「警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者」をもとに～ 「孤独死・孤立死」ＷＧ取りまとめ (2025-04-11)\" (https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/wg/r6/pdf/houkokusyo.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-cao-2024-isolated-deaths-8plus-days." }, { "id": "jp-cao-2024-isolated-deaths-4plus-days-reference", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "As a reference figure, 31,843 people living alone in Japan were found 4 or more days after dying at home in 2024 — the point at which the Cabinet Office notes visible decomposition typically begins.", "value": 31843, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "People living alone who died at home and were found >=4 days after death", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Japan", "source_title": "「孤独死・孤立死」ＷＧ取りまとめ (2025-04-11)", "source_url": "https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/wg/r6/pdf/houkokusyo.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "（参考）「死後４日以上」を経過していたものは、31,843件である。 | EN: (Reference) Those found 4 or more days after death: 31,843.", "locator": "WG report p.15; footnote 28 cites 標準法医学: '死後３～４日すると体表面に腐敗水疱が出現する'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The WG chose 8+ days as the main yardstick and 4+ days as a secondary reference because external putrefaction (blisters, bloating, odour) usually becomes obvious around day 4, though it varies with season and environment.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-cao-2024-isolated-deaths-4plus-days-reference", "citation_text": "As a reference figure, 31,843 people living alone in Japan were found 4 or more days after dying at home in 2024 — the point at which the Cabinet Office notes visible decomposition typically begins. Source: Cabinet Office, Japan, \"「孤独死・孤立死」ＷＧ取りまとめ (2025-04-11)\" (https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/wg/r6/pdf/houkokusyo.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-cao-2024-isolated-deaths-4plus-days-reference." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2024-65plus-found-8plus-days", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In 2024, 15,630 people aged 65+ who lived alone in Japan were found 8 or more days after dying at home — 26.9% of all such elderly deaths.", "value": 15630, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "People aged 65+ living alone who died at home, found >=8 days after death", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "うち65歳以上 58,044 22,734 11,986 7,694 5,721 5,371 3,452 710 227 149 | EN: 65+ row by days elapsed: 0-1, 2-3, 4-7, 8-14, 15-30, 31-90, 91-180, 181-365, 366+.", "locator": "PDF, 経過日数別 table, row うち65歳以上", "derived": true, "formula": "5721+5371+3452+710+227+149 = 15630; /58044 = 26.9%", "headline": false, "series": "jp-npa-annual-65plus-8plus", "history": [], "notes": "Under-65 share found 8+ days is higher: 6,093/17,818 = 34.2%. Age-unknown 8+ days = 133. Total 8+ = 21,856.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-65plus-found-8plus-days", "citation_text": "In 2024, 15,630 people aged 65+ who lived alone in Japan were found 8 or more days after dying at home — 26.9% of all such elderly deaths. Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-65plus-found-8plus-days." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2024-65plus-found-after-1-month", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In 2024, 4,538 people aged 65+ who lived alone in Japan (7.8%) were found a month or more after dying at home; across all ages the figure was 6,945 (9.1%).", "value": 4538, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "People aged 65+ living alone who died at home, found >=31 days after death", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan (reported by Nikkei)", "source_title": "高齢者「孤独死」昨年5.8万人 警察庁初集計、発見に1カ月以上7.8% (Nikkei, 2025-04-11) + NPA PDF table", "source_url": "https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUE1144T0R10C25A4000000/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "『1カ月以上』は7.8%にあたる4538人 | EN: '1 month or more' accounted for 7.8%, 4,538 people. (NPA 65+ row: 31-90 = 3,452; 91-180 = 710; 181-365 = 227; 366+ = 149.)", "locator": "Nikkei article body; NPA PDF 65+ row columns 31～90日 … 366日～", "derived": true, "formula": "65+: 3452+710+227+149 = 4538 (7.8%); all ages: 5138+1165+389+253 = 6945 (9.1%)", "headline": false, "series": "jp-npa-annual-31plus", "history": [], "notes": "Nikkei also reports that for 65+ the modal interval was 'same day to 1 day' at 39.2% (22,734/58,044 = 39.17%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-65plus-found-after-1-month", "citation_text": "In 2024, 4,538 people aged 65+ who lived alone in Japan (7.8%) were found a month or more after dying at home; across all ages the figure was 6,945 (9.1%). Source: National Police Agency of Japan (reported by Nikkei), \"高齢者「孤独死」昨年5.8万人 警察庁初集計、発見に1カ月以上7.8% (Nikkei, 2025-04-11) + NPA PDF table\" (https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUE1144T0R10C25A4000000/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-65plus-found-after-1-month." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2024-time-to-discovery-distribution", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Of the 76,020 people who died alone at home in Japan in 2024, 28,756 (37.8%) were found within a day; 15,421 (20.3%) in 2-3 days; 9,987 (13.1%) in 4-7 days; 7,515 (9.9%) in 8-14 days; 7,396 (9.7%) in 15-30 days; 5,138 (6.8%) in 31-90 days; 1,165 (1.5%) in 91-180 days; 389 (0.5%) in 181-365 days; 253 (0.3%) after a year or more.", "value": 28756, "unit": "persons found within 0-1 day", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "People living alone who died at home (all ages), by days from estimated death to police recognition", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "総数 76,020 28,756 15,421 9,987 7,515 7,396 5,138 1,165 389 253 | EN: total row by elapsed days 0-1 / 2-3 / 4-7 / 8-14 / 15-30 / 31-90 / 91-180 / 181-365 / 366+.", "locator": "PDF, 経過日数別 table, row 総数", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "jp-npa-2024-days-distribution", "history": [], "notes": "Full distribution is the key chart for 'how long until someone is found'. Cumulative: within 3 days 58.1%; within 7 days 71.3%; 8+ days 28.7%; 31+ days 9.1%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-time-to-discovery-distribution", "citation_text": "Of the 76,020 people who died alone at home in Japan in 2024, 28,756 (37.8%) were found within a day; 15,421 (20.3%) in 2-3 days; 9,987 (13.1%) in 4-7 days; 7,515 (9.9%) in 8-14 days; 7,396 (9.7%) in 15-30 days; 5,138 (6.8%) in 31-90 days; 1,165 (1.5%) in 91-180 days; 389 (0.5%) in 181-365 days; 253 (0.3%) after a year or more. Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-time-to-discovery-distribution." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2024-largest-age-band-85plus", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "The single largest age band among Japan's 76,020 solitary at-home deaths in 2024 was people aged 85 and over: 14,658.", "value": 14658, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "People aged 85+ living alone who died at home", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "85歳以上 14,658 | EN: aged 85 and over: 14,658 (age-band table).", "locator": "PDF, 年齢階層別 table", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "jp-npa-2024-by-age", "history": [], "notes": "Full 2024 age bands: <15: 0; 15-19: 62; 20-24: 376; 25-29: 404; 30-34: 423; 35-39: 590; 40-44: 973; 45-49: 1,584; 50-54: 3,059; 55-59: 4,488; 60-64: 5,859; 65-69: 7,846; 70-74: 11,600; 75-79: 12,567; 80-84: 11,373; 85+: 14,658; unknown: 158.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-largest-age-band-85plus", "citation_text": "The single largest age band among Japan's 76,020 solitary at-home deaths in 2024 was people aged 85 and over: 14,658. Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和６年中における警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者について (NPA, Criminal Affairs Bureau, 1st Investigation Division)\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024-largest-age-band-85plus." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2025-died-alone-at-home-total", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In 2025, 76,941 people in Japan who lived alone died at home and were handled by police — 37.6% of 204,562 police-handled bodies, up from 76,020 in 2024.", "value": 76941, "unit": "persons", "display_value": "76,941", "display_label": "in Japan in 2025; three in four were 65 or older (National Police Agency)", "display_hook": "died alone at home", "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2025", "population": "People living alone who died at home, all ages, all causes (police-handled bodies)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和７年中における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について (NPA)", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/news/release/2026/20260331001.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "20万4,562体 … ７万6,941体（37.6％） | EN: of 204,562 police-handled bodies, 76,941 (37.6%) were people living alone who died at home. PDF: '総数 76,941'.", "locator": "NPA release page; PDF table (令和8年4月)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "jp-npa-annual", "history": [], "notes": "Year-on-year change: +921 (+1.2%). Age bands 2025: 85+ 15,079; 75-79 13,412; 80-84 11,366; 70-74 11,004; 65-69 8,058; 60-64 6,125. 65+ = 58,919 (76.6%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2025-died-alone-at-home-total", "citation_text": "In 2025, 76,941 people in Japan who lived alone died at home and were handled by police — 37.6% of 204,562 police-handled bodies, up from 76,020 in 2024. Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和７年中における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について (NPA)\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/news/release/2026/20260331001.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2025-died-alone-at-home-total." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2025-died-alone-at-home-65plus", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Of the 76,941 people who died alone at home in Japan in 2025, 58,919 (76.6%) were aged 65 or over.", "value": 58919, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2025", "population": "People aged 65+ living alone who died at home", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和７年中における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について (NPA)", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R7nennreikaisoubetu.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "うち65歳以上 58,919 22,502 12,321 8,185 5,752 5,460 3,515 778 288 118 | EN: 65+ row by elapsed days.", "locator": "PDF, 経過日数別 table, row うち65歳以上", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "jp-npa-annual-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "65+ found 8+ days: 15,911 (27.0%); 65+ found 31+ days: 4,699 (8.0%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2025-died-alone-at-home-65plus", "citation_text": "Of the 76,941 people who died alone at home in Japan in 2025, 58,919 (76.6%) were aged 65 or over. Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和７年中における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について (NPA)\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R7nennreikaisoubetu.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2025-died-alone-at-home-65plus." }, { "id": "jp-cao-2025-isolated-deaths-8plus-days", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Japan's Cabinet Office estimate of 'isolated deaths' rose to 22,222 in 2025 (from 21,856 in 2024): people living alone found 8 or more days after dying at home — 17,620 men and 4,598 women.", "value": 22222, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2025", "population": "People living alone who died at home and were found >=8 days after death (all ages)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Japan (孤独・孤立対策推進室)", "source_title": "令和７年孤立死者数の推計について (報道資料, 2026-04-14)", "source_url": "https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/pdf/r7suikei.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-04-14", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "令和７年孤立死推計値 8日以上 総数 22,222 男 17,620 女 4,598 不詳 4 【参考】4日以上 総数 32,678 | EN: 2025 isolated-death estimate, 8+ days: total 22,222 (men 17,620, women 4,598, unknown 4); reference 4+ days: 32,678.", "locator": "r7suikei.pdf p.1 table", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "jp-koritsushi-annual", "history": [], "notes": "By age (8+ days, 2025): 75-79 = 4,329; 70-74 = 4,047; 65-69 = 3,173; 80-84 = 2,532; 60-64 = 2,408; 85+ = 1,830. Men are 79.3%. Reported by nippon.com (2026-04-17) with the same figures. Year-on-year +366 (+1.7%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-cao-2025-isolated-deaths-8plus-days", "citation_text": "Japan's Cabinet Office estimate of 'isolated deaths' rose to 22,222 in 2025 (from 21,856 in 2024): people living alone found 8 or more days after dying at home — 17,620 men and 4,598 women. Source: Cabinet Office, Japan (孤独・孤立対策推進室), \"令和７年孤立死者数の推計について (報道資料, 2026-04-14)\" (https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/pdf/r7suikei.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-cao-2025-isolated-deaths-8plus-days." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2025-found-after-1-month", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In 2025, 7,148 people who died alone at home in Japan (9.3%) were not found for a month or more.", "value": 7148, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "calendar 2025", "population": "People living alone who died at home, found >=31 days after death (all ages)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和７年中における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について (NPA)", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R7nennreikaisoubetu.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "総数 76,941 28,398 15,865 10,456 7,570 7,504 5,195 1,273 472 208 | EN: total row by elapsed days.", "locator": "PDF, 経過日数別 table, row 総数", "derived": true, "formula": "5195+1273+472+208 = 7148; /76941 = 9.3%", "headline": false, "series": "jp-npa-annual-31plus", "history": [], "notes": "2025 distribution: 0-1 day 28,398 (36.9%); 2-3 15,865 (20.6%); 4-7 10,456 (13.6%); 8-14 7,570 (9.8%); 15-30 7,504 (9.8%); 31-90 5,195 (6.8%); 91-180 1,273 (1.7%); 181-365 472 (0.6%); 366+ 208 (0.3%). nippon.com reported '1ヶ月以上 約7,148件（9%）'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2025-found-after-1-month", "citation_text": "In 2025, 7,148 people who died alone at home in Japan (9.3%) were not found for a month or more. Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和７年中における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について (NPA)\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R7nennreikaisoubetu.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2025-found-after-1-month." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2024h1-died-alone-at-home", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In January-June 2024, 37,227 people living alone died at home in Japan (36.2% of 102,965 police-handled bodies); 28,330 were aged 65+ (provisional).", "value": 37227, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "2024 H1 (Jan-Jun), provisional", "population": "People living alone who died at home", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和６年上半期（1～6月分）（暫定値）における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/news/release/2024/20240821001.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "警察取扱死体数10万2,965体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者は３万7,227体（36.2％） | EN: of 102,965 police-handled bodies, 37,227 (36.2%) were people living alone who died at home.", "locator": "NPA release page; CAO mirror PDF https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/wg/r6/dai1/pdf/siryou4.pdf (table rows 総数 / うち65歳以上)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "jp-npa-half-year", "history": [], "notes": "H1 2024 elapsed-days row: 14,775 / 7,380 / 4,636 / 3,266 / 3,234 / 2,927 / 715 / 164 / 130. 8+ days = 10,436 (28.0%); 31+ days = 3,936 (10.6%). This was the first NPA release of this series (first-quarter 2024 figures had been released in May 2024).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024h1-died-alone-at-home", "citation_text": "In January-June 2024, 37,227 people living alone died at home in Japan (36.2% of 102,965 police-handled bodies); 28,330 were aged 65+ (provisional). Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和６年上半期（1～6月分）（暫定値）における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/news/release/2024/20240821001.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2024h1-died-alone-at-home." }, { "id": "jp-npa-2025h1-died-alone-at-home", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In January-June 2025, 40,913 people living alone died at home in Japan (36.8% of 111,036 police-handled bodies); 31,525 were aged 65+ (provisional).", "value": 40913, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "2025 H1 (Jan-Jun), provisional", "population": "People living alone who died at home", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "令和７年上半期（１～６月分）（暫定値）における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/news/release/2025/20250808001.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-08-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "11万1,036体 … ４万913体 … 36.8％ | EN: of 111,036 police-handled bodies, 40,913 (36.8%) were people living alone who died at home.", "locator": "NPA release page; PDF https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R7.8nennreikeikanissuu.pdf", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "jp-npa-half-year", "history": [], "notes": "H1 2025 elapsed-days row: 15,351 / 8,361 / 5,532 / 3,635 / 3,707 / 3,136 / 815 / 212 / 164. 8+ days = 11,669 (28.5%); 31+ days = 4,327 (10.6%). H1 counts are provisional and are not simply half of the annual figure (H1 2025 was 40,913 vs full-year 76,941).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2025h1-died-alone-at-home", "citation_text": "In January-June 2025, 40,913 people living alone died at home in Japan (36.8% of 111,036 police-handled bodies); 31,525 were aged 65+ (provisional). Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"令和７年上半期（１～６月分）（暫定値）における死体取扱状況（警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者）について\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/news/release/2025/20250808001.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-npa-2025h1-died-alone-at-home." }, { "id": "jp-cao-koritsushi-definition", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Japan's official working definition: an 'isolated death' (孤立死) is 'dying without anyone at one's side, with the body found after a certain period'; for statistics it is operationalised as a police-handled body of a person living alone who died at home (including suicide) and was found 8 or more days after death.", "value": 8, "unit": "days (threshold)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "adopted 2025-04-11", "population": "n/a (definition)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Japan (「孤独死・孤立死」WG)", "source_title": "「孤独死・孤立死」ＷＧ取りまとめ", "source_url": "https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/wg/r6/pdf/houkokusyo.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "「誰にも看取られることなく死亡し、かつ、その遺体が一定期間の経過後に発見されるような死亡の態様」… 「死後８日以上」 | EN: 'a death in which no one is present and the body is found after a certain period'; yardstick '8 or more days after death'.", "locator": "WG report pp.14-15 (概念的定義; 操作的定義); rationale p.13: 「少なくとも発見される前の７日間は、連絡がとれないことを気にかけてくれるような他者との接触機会がなかった」", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Rationale for 8 days: being found 8+ days after death implies that for at least the preceding 7 days no one who would worry about losing contact was in touch; consistent with the government's isolation indicator of less than one contact per week. 4+ days is reported as a reference because visible putrefaction usually starts by day 3-4. The WG prefers the term 孤立死 but does not exclude 孤独死.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-cao-koritsushi-definition", "citation_text": "Japan's official working definition: an 'isolated death' (孤立死) is 'dying without anyone at one's side, with the body found after a certain period'; for statistics it is operationalised as a police-handled body of a person living alone who died at home (including suicide) and was found 8 or more days after death. Source: Cabinet Office, Japan (「孤独死・孤立死」WG), \"「孤独死・孤立死」ＷＧ取りまとめ\" (https://www.cao.go.jp/kodoku_koritsu/torikumi/wg/r6/pdf/houkokusyo.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-cao-koritsushi-definition." }, { "id": "jp-tokyo23-me-2023-65plus-living-alone-home-deaths", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In Tokyo's 23 wards, 4,957 people aged 65+ who lived alone died at home in 2023 (unnatural-death cases examined by the Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office), up from 2,878 in 2013.", "value": 4957, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Tokyo, Japan (23 special wards)", "period": "calendar 2023 (series 2013-2023)", "population": "People aged 65+ living alone who died at home and were examined by the Tokyo ME office", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Japan (令和7年版高齢社会白書), from Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office statistics", "source_title": "令和７年版高齢社会白書 第1章第2節4 生活環境 — 図1-2-4-18 東京23区内における一人暮らしで65歳以上の人の自宅での死亡者数", "source_url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w-2025/zenbun/pdf/1s2s_04.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "東京23区内における一人暮らしで65歳以上の人の自宅での死亡者数は、平成24年以降増加傾向となっており、令和５年に4,957人となっている | EN: deaths at home of people 65+ living alone in Tokyo's 23 wards have trended up since 2012, reaching 4,957 in 2023.", "locator": "White paper p.54, item コ; figure 1-2-4-18 series: 2013: 2,878, 2014: 2,891, 2015: 3,127, 2016: 3,179, 2017: 3,333, 2018: 3,882, 2019: 3,936, 2020: 4,239, 2021: 4,010, 2022: 4,868, 2023: 4,957", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "tokyo23-me-65plus-living-alone", "history": [], "notes": "Series (figure): 2013 2,878; 2014 2,891; 2015 3,127; 2016 3,179; 2017 3,333; 2018 3,882; 2019 3,936; 2020 4,239; 2021 4,010; 2022 4,868; 2023 4,957. Caveat: the ME office only sees deaths reported as unnatural/unexplained (異状死), so this undercounts attended natural deaths. The raw ME table for 2021 gives 2,613 men + 1,350 women = 3,963 for 65+ single households vs 4,010 in the white paper figure; the white paper's tabulation (内閣府作成) may use a slightly different classification.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-tokyo23-me-2023-65plus-living-alone-home-deaths", "citation_text": "In Tokyo's 23 wards, 4,957 people aged 65+ who lived alone died at home in 2023 (unnatural-death cases examined by the Tokyo Medical Examiner's Office), up from 2,878 in 2013. Source: Cabinet Office, Japan (令和7年版高齢社会白書), from Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office statistics, \"令和７年版高齢社会白書 第1章第2節4 生活環境 — 図1-2-4-18 東京23区内における一人暮らしで65歳以上の人の自宅での死亡者数\" (https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/whitepaper/w-2025/zenbun/pdf/1s2s_04.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-tokyo23-me-2023-65plus-living-alone-home-deaths." }, { "id": "jp-tokyo23-me-2021-single-households-found-8plus-days", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In Tokyo's 23 wards in 2021, 41.8% of men and 26.2% of women who lived alone and died at home (ME-examined cases) were found 8 or more days after death; only 14.9% of men and 24.1% of women were found within a day, versus about 81% of people who lived with others.", "value": 41.8, "unit": "% of men living alone (unnatural deaths at home)", "display_value": "41.8%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Tokyo, Japan (23 special wards)", "period": "calendar 2021", "population": "Unnatural deaths at home examined by Tokyo ME office, single-person vs multi-person households, by sex", "sample_n": 5851, "publisher": "Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office (東京都監察医務院)", "source_title": "死後経過時間（9区分），性・世帯分類別異状死数・構成比，東京都特別区，令和3年 (表4-00-121)", "source_url": "https://www.hokeniryo.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/documents/d/hokeniryo/3-tokubetukusigokeika", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "０～１日 … 単身世帯 614 (14.9%) 複数世帯 1,325 (80.5%) [男性]; 単身世帯 415 (24.1%) 複数世帯 970 (81.2%) [女性] | EN: found within 0-1 day — men: single-household 14.9% vs multi-person 80.5%; women: 24.1% vs 81.2%.", "locator": "表4-00-121, rows ０～１日 … ３６６日～, columns 男性/女性 × 単身世帯/複数世帯", "derived": true, "formula": "men 8+ days = 529+593+466+94+30+13 = 1725 / 4,130 = 41.8%; women = 179+143+95+22+9+3 = 451 / 1,721 = 26.2%; men 31+ days = 603 (14.6%); women 31+ = 129 (7.5%)", "headline": true, "series": "tokyo23-me-2021-days-by-household", "history": [], "notes": "Men living alone, by elapsed days: 0-1 614 (14.9%), 2-3 1,037 (25.1%), 4-7 754 (18.3%), 8-14 529 (12.8%), 15-30 593 (14.4%), 31-90 466 (11.3%), 91-180 94 (2.3%), 181-365 30 (0.7%), 366+ 13 (0.3%). Women living alone: 415 (24.1%), 558 (32.4%), 297 (17.3%), 179 (10.4%), 143 (8.3%), 95 (5.5%), 22 (1.3%), 9 (0.5%), 3 (0.2%). Multi-person households found 8+ days: men 2.3%, women 1.4%. Totals 2021: all unnatural deaths at home 8,691; single-household 5,851 (men 4,130, women 1,721); 65+ single-household 3,963 (表2-00-121). The Cabinet Office WG used this ME dataset to set the 2/4/8-day thresholds before NPA data existed. The 2021 tables are the latest year published on the index page as of access.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-tokyo23-me-2021-single-households-found-8plus-days", "citation_text": "In Tokyo's 23 wards in 2021, 41.8% of men and 26.2% of women who lived alone and died at home (ME-examined cases) were found 8 or more days after death; only 14.9% of men and 24.1% of women were found within a day, versus about 81% of people who lived with others. Source: Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office (東京都監察医務院), \"死後経過時間（9区分），性・世帯分類別異状死数・構成比，東京都特別区，令和3年 (表4-00-121)\" (https://www.hokeniryo.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/documents/d/hokeniryo/3-tokubetukusigokeika). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-tokyo23-me-2021-single-households-found-8plus-days." }, { "id": "jp-ipss-2050-elderly-single-person-households", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Japan's one-person households headed by someone aged 65+ are projected to rise from 7.38 million (2020) to 10.84 million in 2050 (×1.47), from 13.2% to 20.6% of all households.", "value": 10840000, "unit": "households", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "2020 -> 2050 projection", "population": "Private households, householder aged 65+, one-person", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (IPSS), Japan", "source_title": "日本の世帯数の将来推計（全国推計）（令和6（2024）年推計）", "source_url": "https://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-ajsetai/j/HPRJ2024/hprj2024_gaiyo_20240412.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-04-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "増加するのは「単独世帯」1.47 倍（７３８万世帯→１,０８４万世帯） … 65 歳以上の単独世帯の割合は、令和 2（2020）年の 13.2%から … 令和 32（2050）年には 20.6%へ | EN: 65+ one-person households grow 1.47× (7.38m -> 10.84m); share of all households 13.2% -> 20.6%.", "locator": "Summary PDF p.12, section 4(1)-(2); Table 7 (men 2.563m -> 4.505m; women 4.815m -> 6.334m)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "jp-ipss-65plus-single-households", "history": [], "notes": "IPSS also projects the share of never-married among 65+ men living alone rising from 33.7% (2020) to 59.7% (2050) — i.e. a growing group with no spouse or children to notice an absence ('近親者が全くいない高齢単独世帯が急増').", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-ipss-2050-elderly-single-person-households", "citation_text": "Japan's one-person households headed by someone aged 65+ are projected to rise from 7.38 million (2020) to 10.84 million in 2050 (×1.47), from 13.2% to 20.6% of all households. Source: National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (IPSS), Japan, \"日本の世帯数の将来推計（全国推計）（令和6（2024）年推計）\" (https://www.ipss.go.jp/pp-ajsetai/j/HPRJ2024/hprj2024_gaiyo_20240412.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-ipss-2050-elderly-single-person-households." }, { "id": "kr-mohw-godoksa-2023-count", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "South Korea recorded 3,661 'lonely deaths' (고독사) in 2023, up from 3,559 in 2022 and 2,412 in 2017; they equalled 1.04 of every 100 deaths in 2023.", "value": 3661, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "South Korea", "period": "calendar 2023 (series 2017-2023)", "population": "Deaths meeting the statutory godoksa definition (all ages)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (보건복지부)", "source_title": "2024년 고독사 사망자 실태조사 결과 발표 (press release, 2024-10-17)", "source_url": "https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?act=view&bid=0027&list_no=1483372&mid=a10503010100&nPage=1&tag=", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-10-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2022년과 2023년 고독사 사망자 수는 각각 3,559명, 3,661명 … 2023년 전체 사망자 100명당 고독사 사망자 수는 1.04명 | EN: godoksa deaths were 3,559 in 2022 and 3,661 in 2023; 1.04 per 100 deaths in 2023.", "locator": "MOHW press release body (연도별 고독사 발생 현황 table: 2017 2,412; 2018 3,048; 2019 2,949; 2020 3,279; 2021 3,378; 2022 3,559; 2023 3,661)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "kr-godoksa-annual", "history": [], "notes": "Per 100 deaths: 2021 1.06; 2022 0.95; 2023 1.04. Second survey under the Act on the Prevention and Management of Lonely Deaths (first survey 2022 covered 2017-2021). Korea Times (2024-10-17) reports 14.1% of 2023 godoksa were suicides (17.3% in 2021). Unlike Japan, Korea's definition has no days-to-discovery threshold.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-mohw-godoksa-2023-count", "citation_text": "South Korea recorded 3,661 'lonely deaths' (고독사) in 2023, up from 3,559 in 2022 and 2,412 in 2017; they equalled 1.04 of every 100 deaths in 2023. Source: Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (보건복지부), \"2024년 고독사 사망자 실태조사 결과 발표 (press release, 2024-10-17)\" (https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?act=view&bid=0027&list_no=1483372&mid=a10503010100&nPage=1&tag=). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-mohw-godoksa-2023-count." }, { "id": "kr-mohw-godoksa-2024-count", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "South Korea's lonely deaths rose 7.2% to 3,924 in 2024 (from 3,661 in 2023) — 1.09% of all deaths and 7.7 per 100,000 population.", "value": 3924, "unit": "persons", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "South Korea", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "Deaths meeting the statutory godoksa definition (all ages)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea", "source_title": "2024년 고독사 전년 대비 증가, “생애주기별 사회적 고립 위험군 발굴하여 맞춤형 지원 예정” (press release, 2025-11-27)", "source_url": "https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?mid=a10503000000&bid=0027&list_no=1488039&act=view", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2024년 고독사 사망자 수는 3,924명으로 2023년 3,661명 대비 263명(7.2%) 증가 … 인구 10만 명당 7.7명 … 전체 사망자의 1.09% | EN: 3,924 lonely deaths in 2024, +263 (+7.2%) vs 2023; 7.7 per 100,000; 1.09% of all deaths.", "locator": "MOHW press release, opening paragraphs", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "kr-godoksa-annual", "history": [], "notes": "2023 comparators: 7.2 per 100,000; 1.04% of deaths. Place of death 2024: houses 48.9%, apartments 19.7%, one-room/officetel 19.6%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-mohw-godoksa-2024-count", "citation_text": "South Korea's lonely deaths rose 7.2% to 3,924 in 2024 (from 3,661 in 2023) — 1.09% of all deaths and 7.7 per 100,000 population. Source: Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea, \"2024년 고독사 전년 대비 증가, “생애주기별 사회적 고립 위험군 발굴하여 맞춤형 지원 예정” (press release, 2025-11-27)\" (https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?mid=a10503000000&bid=0027&list_no=1488039&act=view). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-mohw-godoksa-2024-count." }, { "id": "kr-mohw-godoksa-2023-male-share", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Men accounted for 84.1% of South Korea's lonely deaths in 2023 (3,053 of 3,632 with known sex) — more than five times the number of women (579).", "value": 84.1, "unit": "% male", "display_value": "84.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "South Korea", "period": "calendar 2023", "population": "Godoksa deaths with known sex", "sample_n": 3632, "publisher": "Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea", "source_title": "2024년 고독사 사망자 실태조사 결과 발표", "source_url": "https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?act=view&bid=0027&list_no=1483372&mid=a10503010100&nPage=1&tag=", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-10-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "남성 84.1%(3,053명), 여성 15.9%(579명) | EN: men 84.1% (3,053), women 15.9% (579).", "locator": "MOHW press release, 성별 section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "kr-godoksa-sex-share", "history": [], "notes": "2024: men 81.7% (3,205), women 15.4% (605), unidentified 2.9%. Age 2023: 60s 1,146 (largest), 50s 1,097, 40s 502, 70s 470; men in their 50s and 60s = 53.9% of all cases. 2024: 60s 32.4% (1,271), 50s 30.5% (1,197), 40s 13.0% (509); 60s men 1,089 (27.8%), 50s men 1,028 (26.2%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-mohw-godoksa-2023-male-share", "citation_text": "Men accounted for 84.1% of South Korea's lonely deaths in 2023 (3,053 of 3,632 with known sex) — more than five times the number of women (579). Source: Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea, \"2024년 고독사 사망자 실태조사 결과 발표\" (https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?act=view&bid=0027&list_no=1483372&mid=a10503010100&nPage=1&tag=). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-mohw-godoksa-2023-male-share." }, { "id": "kr-mohw-godoksa-2024-who-found-the-body", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In South Korea in 2024, lonely-death bodies were most often found by a landlord, security guard or building manager (43.1%), then family (26.6%), neighbours (12.0%) and health/welfare workers (7.7%); in 2023 the shares were 34.5%, 26.2%, 19.3% and 7.0%.", "value": 43.1, "unit": "% found by landlord/security guard/building manager", "display_value": "43.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "South Korea", "period": "calendar 2024 (2023 comparison)", "population": "Godoksa deaths, first discoverer/reporter", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea", "source_title": "2024년 고독사 전년 대비 증가 … (press release, 2025-11-27)", "source_url": "https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?mid=a10503000000&bid=0027&list_no=1488039&act=view", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "최초 발견자는 임대인·경비원 등이 1,692명(43.1%)으로 가장 많았고, 가족 1,044명(26.6%), 이웃주민 470명(12.0%), 보건복지서비스 종사자 301명(7.7%) 순 | EN: first discoverer: landlord/guard etc. 1,692 (43.1%), family 1,044 (26.6%), neighbours 470 (12.0%), health/welfare workers 301 (7.7%).", "locator": "2025 release, 최초 발견자 paragraph; 2023 figures from 2024 release (임대인·경비원·건물관리자 1,263 (34.5%); 가족 958 (26.2%); 이웃 주민 705 (19.3%); 보건복지서비스 종사자 257 (7.0%))", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "kr-godoksa-discoverer", "history": [], "notes": "A search-engine excerpt of the same 2025 release gives the 2020->2024 trend: family 34.8%->26.6%, acquaintances 14.5%->7.1%, landlords etc. 28.4%->43.1%, welfare workers 1.7%->7.7%; the 2020 values were not confirmed in the fetched page text, so treat them as 'seen in excerpt'. Answers the writer question 'who actually notices?' — increasingly not family.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-mohw-godoksa-2024-who-found-the-body", "citation_text": "In South Korea in 2024, lonely-death bodies were most often found by a landlord, security guard or building manager (43.1%), then family (26.6%), neighbours (12.0%) and health/welfare workers (7.7%); in 2023 the shares were 34.5%, 26.2%, 19.3% and 7.0%. Source: Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea, \"2024년 고독사 전년 대비 증가 … (press release, 2025-11-27)\" (https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?mid=a10503000000&bid=0027&list_no=1488039&act=view). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-mohw-godoksa-2024-who-found-the-body." }, { "id": "kr-godoksa-statutory-definition", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "South Korea's statutory definition of a lonely death: 'a person who lived in social isolation, cut off from family, relatives and others around them, dying by suicide, illness or other cause' — with no minimum days-to-discovery.", "value": 0, "unit": "days (no time threshold)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "South Korea", "period": "Act on Prevention and Management of Lonely Deaths (as cited 2024/2025)", "population": "n/a (definition)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea", "source_title": "MOHW press releases 2024-10-17 and 2025-11-27", "source_url": "https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?mid=a10503000000&bid=0027&list_no=1488039&act=view", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "가족, 친척 등 주변 사람들과 단절된 채 사회적 고립 상태로 생활하던 사람이 자살·병사 등으로 임종하는 것 | EN: a person living in social isolation, cut off from family, relatives and others, who dies by suicide, illness, etc.", "locator": "Definition box in both releases", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Korea's count therefore mixes immediate and delayed discoveries and includes suicides; it is not comparable one-to-one with Japan's 8-day koritsushi yardstick, though both are restricted to people living in isolation.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-godoksa-statutory-definition", "citation_text": "South Korea's statutory definition of a lonely death: 'a person who lived in social isolation, cut off from family, relatives and others around them, dying by suicide, illness or other cause' — with no minimum days-to-discovery. Source: Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea, \"MOHW press releases 2024-10-17 and 2025-11-27\" (https://www.mohw.go.kr/board.es?mid=a10503000000&bid=0027&list_no=1488039&act=view). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kr-godoksa-statutory-definition." }, { "id": "us-sf-1993-found-helpless-or-dead-share-found-dead", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In a 12-week population-based study in San Francisco (1993), paramedics found 367 people living alone helpless or dead at home (387 events); 23% were found dead and a further 5% died in hospital — total mortality 28%.", "value": 23, "unit": "% of events", "display_value": "23%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, USA", "period": "March-May 1993 (12 weeks)", "population": "People living alone found helpless or dead at home by city paramedics (all ages; median age 73)", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine (peer-reviewed; authors from UCSF and SF Dept of Public Health)", "source_title": "Gurley RJ, Lum N, Sande M, Lo B, Katz MH. Persons found in their homes helpless or dead. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1710-6 (PMID 8637517)", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 23 percent of the cases, the person was found dead; an additional 5 percent died in the hospital. Thus, total mortality was 28 percent.", "locator": "Abstract, Results; Fig. 2 (found dead n=90 of 387)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Inclusion required living alone ('Persons who did not live alone were excluded'). Of those found alive, 62% were admitted; 62% of survivors could not return to independent living. Events were 3.7% of all EMS calls. This is the clinical hinge between 'long lie' and 'found dead'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-sf-1993-found-helpless-or-dead-share-found-dead", "citation_text": "In a 12-week population-based study in San Francisco (1993), paramedics found 367 people living alone helpless or dead at home (387 events); 23% were found dead and a further 5% died in hospital — total mortality 28%. Source: New England Journal of Medicine (peer-reviewed; authors from UCSF and SF Dept of Public Health), \"Gurley RJ, Lum N, Sande M, Lo B, Katz MH. Persons found in their homes helpless or dead. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1710-6 (PMID 8637517)\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-sf-1993-found-helpless-or-dead-share-found-dead." }, { "id": "us-sf-1993-time-helpless-among-found-dead", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Among the 90 people found dead at home in the San Francisco study, paramedics estimated 29% had been down for more than 72 hours (median 18 hours), versus a median of 2 hours for those found alive, of whom 31% had been helpless under an hour.", "value": 29, "unit": "% of those found dead estimated helpless >72 h", "display_value": "29%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, USA", "period": "March-May 1993", "population": "People living alone found dead (n=90) vs found alive (n=297) at home", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Gurley RJ, Lum N, Sande M, Lo B, Katz MH. Persons found in their homes helpless or dead. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1710-6 (PMID 8637517)", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Estimated time spent incapacitated … >72 hr 13 (4) [found alive] 26 (29) [found dead] … Median time spent incapacitated — hr 2 [alive] 18 [dead]", "locator": "Table 1 (Characteristics of Persons Found Helpless or Dead in Their Homes)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "gurley-time-helpless", "history": [], "notes": "Found-dead distribution: <1 h 8 (9%); 1-<3 h 5 (6%); 3-<6 h 6 (7%); 6-<12 h 15 (17%); 12-<24 h 11 (12%); 24-<48 h 6 (7%); 48-72 h 5 (6%); >72 h 26 (29%); unknown 8 (9%). Found-alive: 92 (31%); 47 (16%); 25 (8%); 22 (7%); 33 (11%); 14 (5%); 12 (4%); 13 (4%); unknown 39 (13%). Discussion: 'Ten percent of the patients were estimated to have been unable to summon help for more than three days; 38 percent of them survived the experience.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-sf-1993-time-helpless-among-found-dead", "citation_text": "Among the 90 people found dead at home in the San Francisco study, paramedics estimated 29% had been down for more than 72 hours (median 18 hours), versus a median of 2 hours for those found alive, of whom 31% had been helpless under an hour. Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Gurley RJ, Lum N, Sande M, Lo B, Katz MH. Persons found in their homes helpless or dead. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1710-6 (PMID 8637517)\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-sf-1993-time-helpless-among-found-dead." }, { "id": "us-sf-1993-who-found-them", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Only 11% of people found helpless or dead at home in the San Francisco study were found by family; carers, visiting nurses and home aides (76), friends (41), neighbours (36) and landlords (3) found most others, and calls from landlords were linked to the longest time down (median >72 hours).", "value": 11, "unit": "% found by family members", "display_value": "11%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, USA", "period": "March-May 1993", "population": "People living alone found helpless or dead at home", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Gurley RJ, Lum N, Sande M, Lo B, Katz MH. Persons found in their homes helpless or dead. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1710-6 (PMID 8637517)", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Only 11 percent (n=42) of the patients were found by family members. … friends (n=41), neighbors (n=36), landlords (n=3), and unidentified persons (n=169).", "locator": "Results, 'Who Called the Paramedics?'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "gurley-discoverer", "history": [], "notes": "Median time helpless by who called: self 2 h; friends 4.5 h; family 9 h; neighbours 9 h; 'other' (nurses, caretakers, housekeepers, aides) 18 h; landlords >72 h. Unidentified callers: 169. Pairs with Korea's discoverer data (family 26.6% in 2024).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-sf-1993-who-found-them", "citation_text": "Only 11% of people found helpless or dead at home in the San Francisco study were found by family; carers, visiting nurses and home aides (76), friends (41), neighbours (36) and landlords (3) found most others, and calls from landlords were linked to the longest time down (median >72 hours). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Gurley RJ, Lum N, Sande M, Lo B, Katz MH. Persons found in their homes helpless or dead. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1710-6 (PMID 8637517)\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-sf-1993-who-found-them." }, { "id": "uk-jrsm-2024-undefined-deaths-rising-1979-2020", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In England and Wales, age-standardised rates of deaths coded R98/R99 ('unattended' / 'ill-defined and unknown cause' — a proxy for bodies found too decomposed to ascertain cause) rose from 1979 to 2020 while all other mortality fell; by the 2000s the male rate was more than double the female rate.", "value": 2, "unit": "ratio (male:female EASR, 'more than double')", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England and Wales, UK", "period": "1979-2020", "population": "All residents aged 20+ (ONS death registrations)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (peer-reviewed; Oxford / Imperial / LSHTM / Public Health Scotland authors) using ONS data", "source_title": "Hiam L, Estrin-Serlui T, Dorling D, McKee M, Minton J. A deathly silence: why has the number of people found decomposed in England and Wales been rising? J R Soc Med 2024;117(5):172-181", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11284264/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-11-21", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "While mortality from all other causes decreased from 1979 to 2020, the opposite was seen for deaths from R98 and R99 (or 'undefined deaths'), with men more affected than women.", "locator": "Abstract (Results); Results: 'By the 2000s, the male rate is more than double the female rate'; by age group men ~3x women", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Deaths at home as a share of all deaths (ONS, same paper): women 16% (2006) -> 21.4% (2019) -> 26.5% (2021); men 22.4% -> 27.4% -> 31%. Absolute R98/R99 counts are in the paper's Supplementary Appendix II (not extracted). Press coverage (The Independent, 2024-07-11) put 'official lonely deaths' at around 8,000-9,000 a year found a week or more after death — that figure does not appear in the paper's abstract/results and is NOT verified here.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-jrsm-2024-undefined-deaths-rising-1979-2020", "citation_text": "In England and Wales, age-standardised rates of deaths coded R98/R99 ('unattended' / 'ill-defined and unknown cause' — a proxy for bodies found too decomposed to ascertain cause) rose from 1979 to 2020 while all other mortality fell; by the 2000s the male rate was more than double the female rate. Source: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (peer-reviewed; Oxford / Imperial / LSHTM / Public Health Scotland authors) using ONS data, \"Hiam L, Estrin-Serlui T, Dorling D, McKee M, Minton J. A deathly silence: why has the number of people found decomposed in England and Wales been rising? J R Soc Med 2024;117(5):172-181\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11284264/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-jrsm-2024-undefined-deaths-rising-1979-2020." }, { "id": "uk-london-2023-lockdown-decomposition-increase", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "At a central London mortuary, markedly decomposed bodies among coronial autopsies rose 70.5% in the year after the first UK lockdown (23 March 2020) versus the year before, alongside a 38% rise in home deaths and a 52.4% fall in hospital deaths coming to autopsy.", "value": 70.5, "unit": "% increase in markedly decomposed bodies at coronial autopsy", "display_value": "70.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Central London, UK", "period": "23 Mar 2019 - 22 Mar 2021 (one year before vs after lockdown)", "population": "Coronial autopsies by one pathologist", "sample_n": 263, "publisher": "Journal of Clinical Pathology (BMJ; peer-reviewed)", "source_title": "Estrin-Serlui T, Osborn M. Putrefaction in the pandemic: a comparative study of the frequency of advanced decomposition change in coronial autopsies since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Pathol 2023;76(2):121-125 (PMID 34535567)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34535567/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2021-09-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "a significant increase of 70.5% (p=0.001) in the frequency of markedly decomposed bodies having coronial autopsies since the first lockdown. This is associated with a 38% increase (p=0.0001) in the rate of those dying at home", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Authors propose advanced decomposition at autopsy as a surrogate marker of perimortem social isolation. Single-pathologist, single-site sample; the JRSM paper notes 55 of the 263 were decomposed and 9 certified 'unascertained'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-london-2023-lockdown-decomposition-increase", "citation_text": "At a central London mortuary, markedly decomposed bodies among coronial autopsies rose 70.5% in the year after the first UK lockdown (23 March 2020) versus the year before, alongside a 38% rise in home deaths and a 52.4% fall in hospital deaths coming to autopsy. Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology (BMJ; peer-reviewed), \"Estrin-Serlui T, Osborn M. Putrefaction in the pandemic: a comparative study of the frequency of advanced decomposition change in coronial autopsies since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Pathol 2023;76(2):121-125 (PMID 34535567)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34535567/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-london-2023-lockdown-decomposition-increase." }, { "id": "nl-amsterdam-2019-domestic-setting-corpses-14plus-days", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In Amsterdam, bodies lying unnoticed at home for two weeks or more occurred at 5.3 per 100,000 person-years (379 cases) versus 1.4 per 100,000 in surrounding municipalities (58 cases); all but three of the 437 people lived alone, and among people living alone the rate was 2.7 times higher in the city.", "value": 5.3, "unit": "cases per 100,000 person-years (Amsterdam)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Amsterdam and surrounding municipalities, Netherlands", "period": "study period per forensic register (published 2019)", "population": "Domestic-setting corpses with post-mortem interval >=14 days", "sample_n": 437, "publisher": "Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine (peer-reviewed; Public Health Service of Amsterdam)", "source_title": "Runtuwene NF, Buster MCA. Domestic-setting corpses, an urban problem? J Forensic Leg Med 2019;61:22-26 (PMID 30412866)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30412866/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2018-10-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A 3.7 (95%CI 2.8-4.9) times higher incidence rate, was observed in the city of Amsterdam (n = 379; 5.3/100,000 personyears) compared to the SMA (n = 58; 1.4/100,000 personyears). All but three cases lived alone.", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "After restricting to single households the crude rate ratio was 2.1 (95% CI 1.6-2.7); adjusted for age and sex, DSC 14+ days among people living alone was 2.7x higher in Amsterdam (95% CI 2.1-3.5). Authors cite urban single-household share, social cohesion and architecture.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nl-amsterdam-2019-domestic-setting-corpses-14plus-days", "citation_text": "In Amsterdam, bodies lying unnoticed at home for two weeks or more occurred at 5.3 per 100,000 person-years (379 cases) versus 1.4 per 100,000 in surrounding municipalities (58 cases); all but three of the 437 people lived alone, and among people living alone the rate was 2.7 times higher in the city. Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine (peer-reviewed; Public Health Service of Amsterdam), \"Runtuwene NF, Buster MCA. Domestic-setting corpses, an urban problem? J Forensic Leg Med 2019;61:22-26 (PMID 30412866)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30412866/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nl-amsterdam-2019-domestic-setting-corpses-14plus-days." }, { "id": "nl-four-cities-2020-dsc14-incidence", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Across the four largest Dutch cities, the incidence of single-household bodies found 14+ days after death was similar in Amsterdam, The Hague and Rotterdam and almost twice that of Utrecht (IRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.0).", "value": 1.9, "unit": "incidence rate ratio vs Utrecht (age/sex corrected)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Amsterdam, The Hague, Rotterdam, Utrecht (Netherlands)", "period": "per forensic registrations (published 2020)", "population": "Single-household domestic-setting corpses, PMI >=14 days", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine (peer-reviewed; Dutch public health services)", "source_title": "van den Hondel K et al. Undiscovered solitary deaths in the four largest cities in the Netherlands. J Forensic Leg Med 2020;74:102008 (PMID 33012310)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33012310/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2020-07-05", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The incidence rate of DSC in these cities is almost twice as high compared to Utrecht (corrected for age and sex 1,9; 95% CI:1,1-3,0).", "locator": "Abstract (Results)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'DSC14' = domestic-setting corpse with PMI of at least 14 days; only single households included. Possible explanations offered: less loneliness, higher social participation and different architecture in Utrecht.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nl-four-cities-2020-dsc14-incidence", "citation_text": "Across the four largest Dutch cities, the incidence of single-household bodies found 14+ days after death was similar in Amsterdam, The Hague and Rotterdam and almost twice that of Utrecht (IRR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.0). Source: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine (peer-reviewed; Dutch public health services), \"van den Hondel K et al. Undiscovered solitary deaths in the four largest cities in the Netherlands. J Forensic Leg Med 2020;74:102008 (PMID 33012310)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33012310/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nl-four-cities-2020-dsc14-incidence." }, { "id": "jp-okayama-2026-delayed-discovery-3plus-days", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Among 420 at-home deaths autopsied at Okayama University, 244 (58.1%) were found three or more days after death; delayed discovery was associated with being male, older, living alone, single, retired or not employed, and lacking long-term-care certification — while regular visits from relatives living elsewhere led to early detection.", "value": 58.1, "unit": "% of at-home forensic autopsy cases found >=3 days after death", "display_value": "58.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Okayama, Japan (forensic autopsy caseload)", "period": "study period per paper (published 2026)", "population": "Forensic autopsy cases of death at home", "sample_n": 420, "publisher": "Legal Medicine (Tokyo) (Elsevier; peer-reviewed)", "source_title": "Yamasaki Y et al. Factors that delay discovery in cases of death at home in Japan. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2026;84:102895 (PMID 42364373)", "source_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622326001239", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2026-06-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Among the 420 cases included, 244 (58.1%) were in the LPMI-f group. The LPMI-f group had higher number of males; older individuals; those living alone; those found inside their homes; single, retired, or non-employed individuals", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "PMI-f = postmortem interval until finding; long = >=3 days. 47 people living alone were found within 24 h ('Regular visits from relatives living separately led to early detection'); 56 people in the delayed group lived WITH family or acquaintances. Authors suggest neighbours checking for uncollected mail. Forensic-autopsy samples over-represent unexplained deaths.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-okayama-2026-delayed-discovery-3plus-days", "citation_text": "Among 420 at-home deaths autopsied at Okayama University, 244 (58.1%) were found three or more days after death; delayed discovery was associated with being male, older, living alone, single, retired or not employed, and lacking long-term-care certification — while regular visits from relatives living elsewhere led to early detection. Source: Legal Medicine (Tokyo) (Elsevier; peer-reviewed), \"Yamasaki Y et al. Factors that delay discovery in cases of death at home in Japan. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2026;84:102895 (PMID 42364373)\" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1344622326001239). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-okayama-2026-delayed-discovery-3plus-days." }, { "id": "gr-attica-2025-late-discovery-indoor-profile", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In eastern Attica (Greece), 217 decomposing bodies were found indoors over 2012-2021; the typical case was a Greek man over 65, single, childless and living alone, found by relatives or neighbours within a month of death, with a natural cause.", "value": 217, "unit": "decomposed bodies found indoors", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Eastern Attica, Greece", "period": "2012-2021", "population": "Decomposing bodies discovered indoors (forensic caseload)", "sample_n": 217, "publisher": "Forensic Science International (Elsevier; peer-reviewed; University of Athens)", "source_title": "Karydi C et al. Late discovery of bodies in indoor settings: A forensic practitioner's view on recognizing cases of social isolation in eastern Attica, Greece. Forensic Sci Int 2025;368:112395 (PMID 39929032)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39929032/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2025-02-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The majority of cases involved Greek males aged above 65, single, childless, and living alone. … The majority of bodies were discovered inside their permanent homes by relatives or neighbors at the stage of early decomposition within a month of their death.", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Substance abuse, psychiatric disorders or atypical behaviour were recorded in only a minority — i.e. most late discoveries are ordinary isolated older men, not 'marginal' cases.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gr-attica-2025-late-discovery-indoor-profile", "citation_text": "In eastern Attica (Greece), 217 decomposing bodies were found indoors over 2012-2021; the typical case was a Greek man over 65, single, childless and living alone, found by relatives or neighbours within a month of death, with a natural cause. Source: Forensic Science International (Elsevier; peer-reviewed; University of Athens), \"Karydi C et al. Late discovery of bodies in indoor settings: A forensic practitioner's view on recognizing cases of social isolation in eastern Attica, Greece. Forensic Sci Int 2025;368:112395 (PMID 39929032)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39929032/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gr-attica-2025-late-discovery-indoor-profile." }, { "id": "tr-2026-decomposed-geriatric-home-deaths-living-alone", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Of 88 decomposed bodies from non-traumatic in-home deaths of older people examined in Turkey, 85.2% had lived alone, 83.0% were men and the mean age was 70.9.", "value": 85.2, "unit": "% lived alone", "display_value": "85.2%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Turkey (Erzurum / Trabzon forensic medicine)", "period": "per paper (published 2026)", "population": "Decomposed geriatric non-traumatic in-home deaths with medicolegal autopsy", "sample_n": 88, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics (peer-reviewed, open access)", "source_title": "Vural T, Kalkan SA. Decomposition and medicolegal autopsy in geriatric in-home non-traumatic deaths: histopathological findings and a public health perspective. BMC Geriatr 2026;26:313 (PMID 41639798)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41639798/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-02-05", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "83.0% of the cases were male, and the mean age was 70.9 years. 85.2% lived alone, and 70.5% had a history of chronic disease.", "locator": "Abstract (Results)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Cause of death could still be established in 69.3% (cardiovascular 48.9%). Supports the cross-country pattern: decomposed at-home deaths are overwhelmingly men living alone.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tr-2026-decomposed-geriatric-home-deaths-living-alone", "citation_text": "Of 88 decomposed bodies from non-traumatic in-home deaths of older people examined in Turkey, 85.2% had lived alone, 83.0% were men and the mean age was 70.9. Source: BMC Geriatrics (peer-reviewed, open access), \"Vural T, Kalkan SA. Decomposition and medicolegal autopsy in geriatric in-home non-traumatic deaths: histopathological findings and a public health perspective. BMC Geriatr 2026;26:313 (PMID 41639798)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41639798/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tr-2026-decomposed-geriatric-home-deaths-living-alone." }, { "id": "at-vienna-2002-decomposed-at-home-1990s-vs-1960s", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "In Vienna, 320 people were found decomposed or mummified at home in 1993-1997 (versus 412 in 1963-1967), with a significantly higher share aged over 64 in the 1990s and a suicide rate nearly three times higher.", "value": 320, "unit": "persons found decomposed or mummified at home (1993-1997)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Vienna, Austria", "period": "1993-1997 vs 1963-1967", "population": "Autopsied individuals found decomposed/mummified in a domestic setting", "sample_n": 320, "publisher": "Journal of Forensic Sciences (peer-reviewed; Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Vienna)", "source_title": "Hönigschnabl S et al. Discovery of decomposed and mummified corpses in the domestic setting--a marker of social isolation? J Forensic Sci 2002;47(4):837-42 (PMID 12136994)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12136994/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2002-07", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Between 1993 and 1997, a total number of 320 individuals were found decomposed at home compared to 412 such cases between 1963 and 1967. The proportion of individuals older than 64 years was significantly higher during the 1990s study period.", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Useful as the earliest peer-reviewed framing of decomposed domestic bodies as a marker of social isolation; shows the elderly share rising even as total cases fell.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#at-vienna-2002-decomposed-at-home-1990s-vs-1960s", "citation_text": "In Vienna, 320 people were found decomposed or mummified at home in 1993-1997 (versus 412 in 1963-1967), with a significantly higher share aged over 64 in the 1990s and a suicide rate nearly three times higher. Source: Journal of Forensic Sciences (peer-reviewed; Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Vienna), \"Hönigschnabl S et al. Discovery of decomposed and mummified corpses in the domestic setting--a marker of social isolation? J Forensic Sci 2002;47(4):837-42 (PMID 12136994)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12136994/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#at-vienna-2002-decomposed-at-home-1990s-vs-1960s." }, { "id": "us-allegheny-2022-decomposition-cases-pmi-sources", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "A review of 1,714 decomposition cases at the Allegheny County (Pittsburgh) Medical Examiner's Office over 2007-2016 found reported post-mortem intervals ranging from 1 to 2,920 days, with 'last known social contact' the main basis for the interval in 82% of US cases.", "value": 1714, "unit": "decomposition cases (Allegheny County ME, 2007-2016)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA (plus 99 UK cases)", "period": "2007-2016", "population": "Medicolegal decomposition cases", "sample_n": 1714, "publisher": "Science & Justice (Elsevier; peer-reviewed; Cranfield University)", "source_title": "Giles SB, Errickson D, Márquez-Grant N. A retrospective comparative study to evaluate the reliability of post-mortem interval sources in UK and US medico-legal death investigations. Sci Justice 2022;62(2):246-261 (PMID 35277239)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35277239/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2022-02-09", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "1813 cases of decomposition from the Allegheny County Office of the Medical Examiner in Pittsburgh, US (n = 1714) … extensive PMI ranges (1 to 2920 days in the US, and 1 to 240 days in the UK) … Medium confidence PMI sources (e.g., last known social contact) accounted for the majority of … US (82%, n = 1413) cases", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Search-engine excerpt of the full text says 97% of US cases were indoor, mostly private residences, with a mean PMI of 11 days — not confirmed in the abstract, treat as unverified. No US national 'found dead at home after N days' statistic was located; the US has no equivalent of the Japanese NPA or Korean MOHW series.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-allegheny-2022-decomposition-cases-pmi-sources", "citation_text": "A review of 1,714 decomposition cases at the Allegheny County (Pittsburgh) Medical Examiner's Office over 2007-2016 found reported post-mortem intervals ranging from 1 to 2,920 days, with 'last known social contact' the main basis for the interval in 82% of US cases. Source: Science & Justice (Elsevier; peer-reviewed; Cranfield University), \"Giles SB, Errickson D, Márquez-Grant N. A retrospective comparative study to evaluate the reliability of post-mortem interval sources in UK and US medico-legal death investigations. Sci Justice 2022;62(2):246-261 (PMID 35277239)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35277239/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-allegheny-2022-decomposition-cases-pmi-sources." }, { "id": "sg-moh-2024-seniors-living-alone", "family": "dying-alone", "statement": "Around 87,000 Singapore residents aged 65 and above were living alone in 2024, according to the Ministry of Health's reply to a parliamentary question on preventing seniors from dying alone.", "value": 87000, "unit": "residents aged 65+ living alone", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Singapore", "period": "2024", "population": "Residents aged 65+ living alone", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Ministry of Health, Singapore", "source_title": "Data on seniors aged 65 and above living alone and plans for new initiatives to prevent unattended deaths (Parliamentary QA, 15 Oct 2025)", "source_url": "https://www.moh.gov.sg/newsroom/data-on-seniors-aged-65-and-above-living-alone-and-plans-for-new-initiatives-to-prevent-unattended-deaths/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-15", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "around 87,000 residents aged 65 and above were living alone", "locator": "MOH reply, first paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The reply gives no count of unattended deaths; Singapore publishes no official 'died alone, found later' statistic (media/charity tallies exist, e.g. Straits Times/CHWSS counts, which are not official and were not recorded here).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#sg-moh-2024-seniors-living-alone", "citation_text": "Around 87,000 Singapore residents aged 65 and above were living alone in 2024, according to the Ministry of Health's reply to a parliamentary question on preventing seniors from dying alone. Source: Ministry of Health, Singapore, \"Data on seniors aged 65 and above living alone and plans for new initiatives to prevent unattended deaths (Parliamentary QA, 15 Oct 2025)\" (https://www.moh.gov.sg/newsroom/data-on-seniors-aged-65-and-above-living-alone-and-plans-for-new-initiatives-to-prevent-unattended-deaths/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#sg-moh-2024-seniors-living-alone." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-oct-2021", "family": "ems", "statement": "In October 2021 the mean Category 3 (urgent) ambulance response time in England was 3 hours 9 minutes 58 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published November 2021).", "value": 189.97, "unit": "minutes (mean response time, hh:mm:ss shown in value_hhmmss)", "display_value": "3 h 10 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "October 2021", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents, all 10 English ambulance trusts", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 11 November 2021", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/11/20211111-Ambulance-Quality-Indicators-Statistical-Note.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-11-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For C3 (Figure 3), the mean average response time was 3:09:58. The 90th centile was 7:47:15, so the two-hour standard was not met.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": "Category 3 is the NHS 'urgent' tier into which non-injury falls are typically triaged (see uk-c3-standard and ems.md caveat). Value is the hh:mm:ss figure expressed in decimal minutes; no rounding beyond 2 dp.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-oct-2021", "citation_text": "In October 2021 the mean Category 3 (urgent) ambulance response time in England was 3 hours 9 minutes 58 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published November 2021). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 11 November 2021\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/11/20211111-Ambulance-Quality-Indicators-Statistical-Note.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-oct-2021." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-oct-2021", "family": "ems", "statement": "In October 2021 one in ten Category 3 ambulance incidents in England waited more than 7 hours 47 minutes 15 seconds (90th centile), per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 467.25, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "7 h 47 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "October 2021", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 11 November 2021", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/11/20211111-Ambulance-Quality-Indicators-Statistical-Note.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-11-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For C3 (Figure 3), the mean average response time was 3:09:58. The 90th centile was 7:47:15, so the two-hour standard was not met.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": "National standard is 90% within 120 minutes.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-oct-2021", "citation_text": "In October 2021 one in ten Category 3 ambulance incidents in England waited more than 7 hours 47 minutes 15 seconds (90th centile), per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 11 November 2021\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/11/20211111-Ambulance-Quality-Indicators-Statistical-Note.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-oct-2021." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-dec-2021", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2021 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 51 minutes 8 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2022).", "value": 171.13, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "2 h 51 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2021", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 13 January 2022", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/01/20220113-Statistical-Note-AQI.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-01-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For C3, the December 2021 mean average response time was 2:51:08. The 90th centile was 7:11:44, so the two-hour standard was not met (Figure 3).", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": "Same note states: 'For each category C1-C3, the average response time in December 2021 for England was the second longest ever, after October 2021.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2021", "citation_text": "In December 2021 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 51 minutes 8 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2022). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 13 January 2022\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/01/20220113-Statistical-Note-AQI.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2021." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-dec-2021", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2021 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 7 hours 11 minutes 44 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 431.73, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "7 h 12 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2021", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 13 January 2022", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/01/20220113-Statistical-Note-AQI.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-01-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For C3, the December 2021 mean average response time was 2:51:08. The 90th centile was 7:11:44, so the two-hour standard was not met (Figure 3).", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2021", "citation_text": "In December 2021 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 7 hours 11 minutes 44 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 13 January 2022\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/01/20220113-Statistical-Note-AQI.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2021." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-feb-2022", "family": "ems", "statement": "In February 2022 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 16 minutes 13 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published March 2022).", "value": 136.22, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "2 h 16 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "February 2022", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 10 March 2022", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/03/20220310-Statistical-AQI-Note.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-03-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For C3, the February 2022 mean average response time was 2:16:13. The 90th centile was 5:30:21, so the two-hour standard was not met (Figure 3).", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-feb-2022", "citation_text": "In February 2022 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 16 minutes 13 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published March 2022). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 10 March 2022\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/03/20220310-Statistical-AQI-Note.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-feb-2022." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-feb-2022", "family": "ems", "statement": "In February 2022 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 5 hours 30 minutes 21 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 330.35, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "5 h 30 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "February 2022", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 10 March 2022", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/03/20220310-Statistical-AQI-Note.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-03-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For C3, the February 2022 mean average response time was 2:16:13. The 90th centile was 5:30:21, so the two-hour standard was not met (Figure 3).", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-feb-2022", "citation_text": "In February 2022 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 5 hours 30 minutes 21 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 10 March 2022\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/03/20220310-Statistical-AQI-Note.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-feb-2022." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-dec-2022", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2022, the worst month on record, the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 4 hours 19 minutes 10 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2023).", "value": 259.17, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "4 h 19 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2022", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 12 January 2023", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/20230112-Statistical-Note-AQI.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-01-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "C3 averaged 4:19:10 with a 90th centile of 11:05:56 in December 2022, both more", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2; same note opens 'December 2022 had the longest ambulance response times for all four categories of'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": "Quote is the line as extracted from the PDF; the sentence continues on the next line ('...than 50% longer than...'). Nuffield Trust restates this as 'In December 2022, the mean response time was 4 hours 19 minutes and one in ten urgent cases waited over 11 hours for an ambulance.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2022", "citation_text": "In December 2022, the worst month on record, the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 4 hours 19 minutes 10 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2023). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 12 January 2023\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/20230112-Statistical-Note-AQI.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2022." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-dec-2022", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2022 one in ten Category 3 ambulance incidents in England waited more than 11 hours 5 minutes 56 seconds (90th centile), per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 665.93, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "11 h 06 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2022", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 12 January 2023", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/20230112-Statistical-Note-AQI.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-01-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "C3 averaged 4:19:10 with a 90th centile of 11:05:56 in December 2022, both more", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": "Against a national standard of 120 minutes for the 90th centile.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2022", "citation_text": "In December 2022 one in ten Category 3 ambulance incidents in England waited more than 11 hours 5 minutes 56 seconds (90th centile), per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 12 January 2023\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2023/01/20230112-Statistical-Note-AQI.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2022." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-dec-2023", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2023 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 37 minutes 5 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2024).", "value": 157.08, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "2 h 37 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2023", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 11 January 2024", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/01/20240111-Statistical-AQI-Note.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-01-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The December 2023 C3 average was 2:37:05, which (unlike C1, C2, and C4) was longer than the average for 2022-23. The 90th centile was 6:24:23. (Figure 3)", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2023", "citation_text": "In December 2023 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 37 minutes 5 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2024). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 11 January 2024\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/01/20240111-Statistical-AQI-Note.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2023." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-dec-2023", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2023 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 6 hours 24 minutes 23 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 384.38, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "6 h 24 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2023", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 11 January 2024", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/01/20240111-Statistical-AQI-Note.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-01-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The December 2023 C3 average was 2:37:05, which (unlike C1, C2, and C4) was longer than the average for 2022-23. The 90th centile was 6:24:23. (Figure 3)", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2023", "citation_text": "In December 2023 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 6 hours 24 minutes 23 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 11 January 2024\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/01/20240111-Statistical-AQI-Note.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2023." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-dec-2024", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2024 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 3 hours 2 minutes 0 seconds, the longest since December 2022, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2025).", "value": 182, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "3 h 02 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2024", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 9 January 2025", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/20250109-Note-Statistical-AQI.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-01-09", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in December 2024, the C3 average was 3:02:00, and the 90th centile was 7:21:03, the latter nearly an hour longer than in December 2023. Both were the longest times since December 2022 (Figure 3).", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": "This is the primary source behind the figure quoted in the Commons Westminster Hall debate of 6 March 2025 ('three hours and two minutes for category 3 calls').", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2024", "citation_text": "In December 2024 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 3 hours 2 minutes 0 seconds, the longest since December 2022, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2025). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 9 January 2025\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/20250109-Note-Statistical-AQI.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2024." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-dec-2024", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2024 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 7 hours 21 minutes 3 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 441.05, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "7 h 21 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2024", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 9 January 2025", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/20250109-Note-Statistical-AQI.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-01-09", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in December 2024, the C3 average was 3:02:00, and the 90th centile was 7:21:03, the latter nearly an hour longer than in December 2023. Both were the longest times since December 2022 (Figure 3).", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2024", "citation_text": "In December 2024 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 7 hours 21 minutes 3 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 9 January 2025\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/01/20250109-Note-Statistical-AQI.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2024." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-jan-2025", "family": "ems", "statement": "In January 2025 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 1 hour 55 minutes 25 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published February 2025).", "value": 115.42, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "1 h 55 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "January 2025", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 13 February 2025", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/02/20250213-AQI-stats-note.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-02-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in January 2025, the C3 average was 1:55:25, and the 90th centile was 4:29:18, both shorter than January 2024 but longer than January 2023 (Figure 3).", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": "Same note: 'There were 777,060 incidents in England in January 2025'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-jan-2025", "citation_text": "In January 2025 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 1 hour 55 minutes 25 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published February 2025). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 13 February 2025\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/02/20250213-AQI-stats-note.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-jan-2025." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-jan-2025", "family": "ems", "statement": "In January 2025 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 4 hours 29 minutes 18 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 269.3, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "4 h 29 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "January 2025", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 13 February 2025", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/02/20250213-AQI-stats-note.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-02-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in January 2025, the C3 average was 1:55:25, and the 90th centile was 4:29:18, both shorter than January 2024 but longer than January 2023 (Figure 3).", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-jan-2025", "citation_text": "In January 2025 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 4 hours 29 minutes 18 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 13 February 2025\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/02/20250213-AQI-stats-note.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-jan-2025." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-nov-2025", "family": "ems", "statement": "In November 2025 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 2 minutes 19 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published December 2025).", "value": 122.32, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "2 h 02 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "November 2025", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 11 December 2025", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/12/20251211-Statistical-Note-of-AQI-QW23Z.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-12-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in November 2025, the C3 average was 2:02:19, and the 90th centile 4:47:06, both slightly quicker than last month.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-nov-2025", "citation_text": "In November 2025 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 2 minutes 19 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published December 2025). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 11 December 2025\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/12/20251211-Statistical-Note-of-AQI-QW23Z.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-nov-2025." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-nov-2025", "family": "ems", "statement": "In November 2025 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 4 hours 47 minutes 6 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 287.1, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "4 h 47 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "November 2025", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 11 December 2025", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/12/20251211-Statistical-Note-of-AQI-QW23Z.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-12-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in November 2025, the C3 average was 2:02:19, and the 90th centile 4:47:06, both slightly quicker than last month.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-nov-2025", "citation_text": "In November 2025 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 4 hours 47 minutes 6 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 11 December 2025\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2025/12/20251211-Statistical-Note-of-AQI-QW23Z.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-nov-2025." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-dec-2025", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2025 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 1 minute 17 seconds, in the month with the largest ever number of ambulance incidents, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2026).", "value": 121.28, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "2 h 01 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2025", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 15 January 2026", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/01/20260115-Note-Statistical-of-AQI-YHG5D.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-01-15", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in December 2025, the C3 average was 2:01:17, slightly quicker than last month and the 90th centile 4:48:28, slightly slower than last month.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": "Same note: 'There were 846,263 incidents, or 27.3 thousand per day, the largest ever number and the largest ever number per day.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2025", "citation_text": "In December 2025 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 2 hours 1 minute 17 seconds, in the month with the largest ever number of ambulance incidents, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published January 2026). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 15 January 2026\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/01/20260115-Note-Statistical-of-AQI-YHG5D.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-dec-2025." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-dec-2025", "family": "ems", "statement": "In December 2025 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 4 hours 48 minutes 28 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 288.47, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "4 h 48 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "December 2025", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 15 January 2026", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/01/20260115-Note-Statistical-of-AQI-YHG5D.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-01-15", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in December 2025, the C3 average was 2:01:17, slightly quicker than last month and the 90th centile 4:48:28, slightly slower than last month.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2025", "citation_text": "In December 2025 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 4 hours 48 minutes 28 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 15 January 2026\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/01/20260115-Note-Statistical-of-AQI-YHG5D.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-dec-2025." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-feb-2026", "family": "ems", "statement": "In February 2026 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 1 hour 42 minutes 24 seconds, the quickest since August 2025, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published March 2026).", "value": 102.4, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "1 h 42 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "February 2026", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 12 March 2026", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/03/20260312-Stats-Note-of-AQI-LB32C-1.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-03-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in February 2026, the C3 average was 1:42:24, the quickest since August 2025. The 90th centile was 3:52:29, also the quickest since August 2025.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-feb-2026", "citation_text": "In February 2026 the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 1 hour 42 minutes 24 seconds, the quickest since August 2025, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published March 2026). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 12 March 2026\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/03/20260312-Stats-Note-of-AQI-LB32C-1.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-feb-2026." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-feb-2026", "family": "ems", "statement": "In February 2026 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 3 hours 52 minutes 29 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 232.48, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "3 h 52 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "February 2026", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 12 March 2026", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/03/20260312-Stats-Note-of-AQI-LB32C-1.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-03-12", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in February 2026, the C3 average was 1:42:24, the quickest since August 2025. The 90th centile was 3:52:29, also the quickest since August 2025.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-feb-2026", "citation_text": "In February 2026 the 90th-centile Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 3 hours 52 minutes 29 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 12 March 2026\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/03/20260312-Stats-Note-of-AQI-LB32C-1.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-feb-2026." }, { "id": "uk-c3-mean-may-2026", "family": "ems", "statement": "In May 2026 (latest statistical note located) the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 1 hour 47 minutes 49 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published June 2026).", "value": 107.82, "unit": "minutes (mean response time)", "display_value": "1 h 48 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "May 2026", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 11 June 2026", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/06/20260611-AQI-Stats-Note-k58VJ.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-06-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in May 2026, the C3 average was 1:47:49 and the 90th centile was 4:08:14.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "nhs-england-c3-mean", "history": [], "notes": "CONFLICT: Nuffield Trust's explainer (updated 25 June 2026) states 'In May 2026, 90% of urgent cases waited for up to 4 hours 08 minutes, with a mean average of 1 hour 38 minutes'. The 90th centile matches NHS England; the mean does not (1:38 vs 1:47:49). The NHS note adds 'For some months of 2025-26, revisions have increased the average Category 3 or 4', so the NHS England figure is treated as authoritative. Newer notes (July-September 2026) exist on the NHS AQI page but the page blocked automated retrieval.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-may-2026", "citation_text": "In May 2026 (latest statistical note located) the mean Category 3 ambulance response time in England was 1 hour 47 minutes 49 seconds, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators (published June 2026). Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 11 June 2026\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/06/20260611-AQI-Stats-Note-k58VJ.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-mean-may-2026." }, { "id": "uk-c3-90th-may-2026", "family": "ems", "statement": "In May 2026 one in ten Category 3 ambulance incidents in England waited more than 4 hours 8 minutes 14 seconds (90th centile), about twice the 120-minute standard, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators.", "value": 248.23, "unit": "minutes (90th centile response time)", "display_value": "4 h 08 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "May 2026", "population": "All Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "AQI Statistical Note, 11 June 2026", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/06/20260611-AQI-Stats-Note-k58VJ.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-06-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For England in May 2026, the C3 average was 1:47:49 and the 90th centile was 4:08:14.", "locator": "Statistical note, Category 3 paragraph (Figure 3), page 2", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "nhs-england-c3-90th", "history": [], "notes": "Nuffield Trust independently restates the 90th centile as '4 hours 08 minutes' for May 2026.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-may-2026", "citation_text": "In May 2026 one in ten Category 3 ambulance incidents in England waited more than 4 hours 8 minutes 14 seconds (90th centile), about twice the 120-minute standard, per NHS England Ambulance Quality Indicators. Source: NHS England, \"AQI Statistical Note, 11 June 2026\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2026/06/20260611-AQI-Stats-Note-k58VJ.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-90th-may-2026." }, { "id": "uk-c3-standard-120-min", "family": "ems", "statement": "The NHS England national standard for Category 3 (urgent) ambulance calls is a response within 120 minutes for 90% of incidents, per NHS England / Nuffield Trust (standard in force since the 2017 Ambulance Response Programme).", "value": 120, "unit": "minutes (90th centile standard)", "display_value": "2 h 00 min", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "2017-present", "population": "Category 3 ambulance incidents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Nuffield Trust (restating NHS England standard)", "source_title": "Ambulance response times (QualityWatch explainer)", "source_url": "https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/resource/ambulance-response-times", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-06-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The national standard states that all ambulance trusts must respond to 90% of Category 3 calls in 120 minutes", "locator": "Category 3 section of the explainer; also NHS England AQI notes ('so the two-hour standard was not met') and London Ambulance Service categories page ('at least nine out of 10 times within 120 minutes')", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Nuffield defines Category 3 as 'problems (not immediately life-threatening) that need treatment to relieve suffering (e.g. pain control) and transport or clinical assessment and management at the scene.' Official trust pages fetched (NEAS, SECAmb, LAS) do not list falls explicitly; the mapping of non-injury falls to Category 3 was stated in the Commons debate of 6 March 2025 ('category 3 covers elderly people who suffer falls but not a head injury') but Hansard blocked retrieval, so treat that mapping as unverified wording.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-standard-120-min", "citation_text": "The NHS England national standard for Category 3 (urgent) ambulance calls is a response within 120 minutes for 90% of incidents, per NHS England / Nuffield Trust (standard in force since the 2017 Ambulance Response Programme). Source: Nuffield Trust (restating NHS England standard), \"Ambulance response times (QualityWatch explainer)\" (https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/resource/ambulance-response-times). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-c3-standard-120-min." }, { "id": "uk-aace-falls-up-to-10pct-999-2025", "family": "ems", "statement": "Falls account for up to 10% of 999 calls to UK ambulance services, per the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives on launching the National Falls Governance Framework (October 2025).", "value": 10, "unit": "% of 999 calls (upper bound)", "display_value": "up to 10%", "display_label": "United Kingdom, 999 calls (AACE, 2025)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom", "period": "2025 (as stated)", "population": "All 999 ambulance calls", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE)", "source_title": "New framework strengthens falls response across ambulance services", "source_url": "https://aace.org.uk/news/new-framework-strengthens-falls-response-across-ambulance-services/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-22", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Up to 10% of ambulance service calls", "locator": "Opening paragraphs of the news release (figure returned by page extraction; wording of the surrounding sentence not captured verbatim)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Same release: 1 in 3 people aged 65+ and 1 in 2 aged 80+ fall each year; falls cost the NHS over £2.3 billion a year, 75% arising in social care, home and community settings. Quotes: Anna Parry (MD, AACE) and Prof Jugdeep Dhesi (President, BGS).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-aace-falls-up-to-10pct-999-2025", "citation_text": "Falls account for up to 10% of 999 calls to UK ambulance services, per the Association of Ambulance Chief Executives on launching the National Falls Governance Framework (October 2025). Source: Association of Ambulance Chief Executives (AACE), \"New framework strengthens falls response across ambulance services\" (https://aace.org.uk/news/new-framework-strengthens-falls-response-across-ambulance-services/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-aace-falls-up-to-10pct-999-2025." }, { "id": "uk-yas-falls-8pct-50000-responses", "family": "ems", "statement": "Falls account for 8% of 999 calls with over 50,000 on-scene ambulance responses a year in the Yorkshire and Humber ambulance region, per the NIHR-funded Long Lies study protocol (Kuczawski et al., February 2026).", "value": 8, "unit": "% of 999 calls", "display_value": "8%", "display_label": "Yorkshire and Humber, 999 calls (YAS 2023)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England (Yorkshire & Humber / Yorkshire Ambulance Service region, as framed by the protocol)", "period": "circa 2024-2026 (protocol background)", "population": "999 ambulance calls", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NIHR Open Research", "source_title": "Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol", "source_url": "https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-02-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "falls account for 8% of 999 calls, with over 50,000 on-scene responses annually", "locator": "Background section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The protocol text does not make explicit whether '8%' and '50,000' are national or YAS-regional; the 50,000 figure is consistent with a single-region count. Study analyses linked YAS and hospital data April 2019-March 2023.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-yas-falls-8pct-50000-responses", "citation_text": "Falls account for 8% of 999 calls with over 50,000 on-scene ambulance responses a year in the Yorkshire and Humber ambulance region, per the NIHR-funded Long Lies study protocol (Kuczawski et al., February 2026). Source: NIHR Open Research, \"Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol\" (https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-yas-falls-8pct-50000-responses." }, { "id": "uk-yas-long-lie-16000-of-115000", "family": "ems", "statement": "The Long Lies study expects about 16,000 documented long lies among roughly 115,000 Yorkshire Ambulance Service fall calls (April 2019-March 2023), per the NIHR study protocol (2026).", "value": 16000, "unit": "estimated fall calls with a documented long lie (of ~115,000)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Yorkshire and Humber, England", "period": "April 2019-March 2023 (data window)", "population": "YAS ambulance calls for falls", "sample_n": 115000, "publisher": "NIHR Open Research", "source_title": "Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol", "source_url": "https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-02-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "approximately 115,000 YAS calls (estimated 16,000 involving a documented long lie)", "locator": "Methods / data description", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "This is a study-planning estimate, not a result. Implied share ~14%. Results are expected by mid-2026 (27-month study, April 2024-June 2026).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-yas-long-lie-16000-of-115000", "citation_text": "The Long Lies study expects about 16,000 documented long lies among roughly 115,000 Yorkshire Ambulance Service fall calls (April 2019-March 2023), per the NIHR study protocol (2026). Source: NIHR Open Research, \"Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol\" (https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-yas-long-lie-16000-of-115000." }, { "id": "uk-one-in-five-falls-long-lie", "family": "ems", "statement": "Around one in five falls among adults over 65 results in a long lie of over one hour on the floor, per the University of Sheffield CURE Long Lies Study page (NIHR158676).", "value": 20, "unit": "% of falls in over-65s that are long lies (>1 hour)", "display_value": "20%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom", "period": "undated (study page, 2024-2026)", "population": "Adults over 65 who fall", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "University of Sheffield, Centre for Urgent and Emergency Care Research (CURE)", "source_title": "The Long Lies Study", "source_url": "https://sheffield.ac.uk/cure/current-trials/long-lies-study", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-06-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Around 1 in 3 adults over 65 have at least one fall a year and around one in 5 of these will be a long lie (over 1 hour)", "locator": "Study summary paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "No primary citation given on the page; the NIHR protocol repeats 'about one in five of these remain on the floor for over an hour'. Treat as an expert-stated estimate.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-one-in-five-falls-long-lie", "citation_text": "Around one in five falls among adults over 65 results in a long lie of over one hour on the floor, per the University of Sheffield CURE Long Lies Study page (NIHR158676). Source: University of Sheffield, Centre for Urgent and Emergency Care Research (CURE), \"The Long Lies Study\" (https://sheffield.ac.uk/cure/current-trials/long-lies-study). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-one-in-five-falls-long-lie." }, { "id": "uk-foi-older-fallers-waited-over-4h-2022-23", "family": "ems", "statement": "In 2022/23 there were 19,904 incidents in England where a person aged over 65 who had fallen waited more than four hours for an ambulance, an average of 54 a day, per Freedom of Information responses from ambulance trusts compiled by the Liberal Democrats (March 2024).", "value": 19904, "unit": "incidents with ambulance wait > 4 hours (fallers aged 65+)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England (trusts that responded to FOI)", "period": "2022/23", "population": "People aged over 65 who had a fall and called 999", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Liberal Democrats (compiling FOI responses from NHS ambulance trusts)", "source_title": "Almost 20,000 older people waited over four hours for an ambulance after falls last year", "source_url": "https://www.libdems.org.uk/news/article/almost-20000-older-people-waited-over-four-hours-for-an-ambulance-after-falls-last-year", "source_type": "aggregator-traced", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-03-19", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "19,904 incidents in 2022/23 where someone aged over 65 had a fall and had to wait more than four hours", "locator": "Press release body, paragraphs 1-3", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "libdem-foi-older-fallers-long-waits", "history": [], "notes": "Originating bodies: English NHS ambulance trusts via FOI. Release says the figure is a '96.5% rise' on 2019/20 'for the trusts that provided data across the full four years'; number of responding trusts not stated. East of England Ambulance Trust: 'nearly 8,000 incidents that took longer than four hours and 769 that took longer than 12 hours'; West Midlands: 'average response time for elderly falls of one hour 54 minutes'. Political source: cite the FOI origin, not the party.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-foi-older-fallers-waited-over-4h-2022-23", "citation_text": "In 2022/23 there were 19,904 incidents in England where a person aged over 65 who had fallen waited more than four hours for an ambulance, an average of 54 a day, per Freedom of Information responses from ambulance trusts compiled by the Liberal Democrats (March 2024). Source: Liberal Democrats (compiling FOI responses from NHS ambulance trusts), \"Almost 20,000 older people waited over four hours for an ambulance after falls last year\" (https://www.libdems.org.uk/news/article/almost-20000-older-people-waited-over-four-hours-for-an-ambulance-after-falls-last-year). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-foi-older-fallers-waited-over-4h-2022-23." }, { "id": "uk-foi-older-fallers-waited-over-12h-2022-23", "family": "ems", "statement": "In 2022/23, 1,411 older patients in England waited more than 12 hours for an ambulance after a fall, a more than tenfold increase on 2019/20, per ambulance-trust FOI responses compiled by the Liberal Democrats (March 2024).", "value": 1411, "unit": "incidents with ambulance wait > 12 hours (fallers aged 65+)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England (responding trusts)", "period": "2022/23", "population": "People aged over 65 who had a fall and called 999", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Liberal Democrats (compiling FOI responses from NHS ambulance trusts)", "source_title": "Almost 20,000 older people waited over four hours for an ambulance after falls last year", "source_url": "https://www.libdems.org.uk/news/article/almost-20000-older-people-waited-over-four-hours-for-an-ambulance-after-falls-last-year", "source_type": "aggregator-traced", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-03-19", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "1,411 older patients waited over 12 hours for an ambulance to arrive after falling last year", "locator": "Press release body", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "libdem-foi-older-fallers-long-waits", "history": [], "notes": "2019/20 baseline counts are not given in the release (only 'more than tenfold'). 2022/23 includes the December 2022 crisis month.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-foi-older-fallers-waited-over-12h-2022-23", "citation_text": "In 2022/23, 1,411 older patients in England waited more than 12 hours for an ambulance after a fall, a more than tenfold increase on 2019/20, per ambulance-trust FOI responses compiled by the Liberal Democrats (March 2024). Source: Liberal Democrats (compiling FOI responses from NHS ambulance trusts), \"Almost 20,000 older people waited over four hours for an ambulance after falls last year\" (https://www.libdems.org.uk/news/article/almost-20000-older-people-waited-over-four-hours-for-an-ambulance-after-falls-last-year). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-foi-older-fallers-waited-over-12h-2022-23." }, { "id": "uk-wales-falls-calls-2017-18", "family": "ems", "statement": "In 2017/18 the Welsh Ambulance Service received over 62,000 calls relating to falls, half of which resulted in a journey to hospital, and fallers account for over 10% of its emergency calls, per a Welsh Government ministerial written statement (April 2019).", "value": 62000, "unit": "falls-related calls per year (over 62,000)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Wales", "period": "2017/18", "population": "All 999 calls to Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Welsh Government (Minister for Health and Social Services, Vaughan Gething)", "source_title": "Written Statement: Update on Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust (WAST) Falls Assistants response pilot", "source_url": "https://www.gov.wales/written-statement-update-welsh-ambulance-services-nhs-trust-wast-falls-assistants-response-pilot", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2019-04-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "People who have fallen account for over 10% of emergency calls received by the Welsh Ambulance Service and in 2017/18, the Trust received over 62,000 calls relating to falls, of which 50% resulted in a journey to hospital.", "locator": "Second paragraph of the written statement", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "A precise figure of 62,488 calls (31,042 attending hospital) appears in search snippets attributed to the Audit Wales Falls Framework (2020) but was not verified on a fetched page.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-wales-falls-calls-2017-18", "citation_text": "In 2017/18 the Welsh Ambulance Service received over 62,000 calls relating to falls, half of which resulted in a journey to hospital, and fallers account for over 10% of its emergency calls, per a Welsh Government ministerial written statement (April 2019). Source: Welsh Government (Minister for Health and Social Services, Vaughan Gething), \"Written Statement: Update on Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust (WAST) Falls Assistants response pilot\" (https://www.gov.wales/written-statement-update-welsh-ambulance-services-nhs-trust-wast-falls-assistants-response-pilot). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-wales-falls-calls-2017-18." }, { "id": "uk-wales-falls-assistant-pilot-65pct-no-hospital", "family": "ems", "statement": "In the Welsh Ambulance Service Falls Assistants pilot (Oct 2018-Mar 2019), 65% of 1,776 fallers attended did not need to attend hospital and the average response was 24 minutes after allocation, per the Welsh Government (April 2019).", "value": 65, "unit": "% of attended fallers not needing hospital", "display_value": "65%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Wales (pilot areas)", "period": "1 October 2018 - 31 March 2019", "population": "Fallers attended by Falls Assistant crews", "sample_n": 1776, "publisher": "Welsh Government", "source_title": "Written Statement: Update on Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust (WAST) Falls Assistants response pilot", "source_url": "https://www.gov.wales/written-statement-update-welsh-ambulance-services-nhs-trust-wast-falls-assistants-response-pilot", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2019-04-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "65% of the patients did not need to attend hospital, following referral to other areas of health and social care or closure at scene", "locator": "Pilot results paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Also: average scene time 1 hour 27 minutes; 95% positive patient feedback on timeliness; £140,000 Welsh Government funding.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-wales-falls-assistant-pilot-65pct-no-hospital", "citation_text": "In the Welsh Ambulance Service Falls Assistants pilot (Oct 2018-Mar 2019), 65% of 1,776 fallers attended did not need to attend hospital and the average response was 24 minutes after allocation, per the Welsh Government (April 2019). Source: Welsh Government, \"Written Statement: Update on Welsh Ambulance Services NHS Trust (WAST) Falls Assistants response pilot\" (https://www.gov.wales/written-statement-update-welsh-ambulance-services-nhs-trust-wast-falls-assistants-response-pilot). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-wales-falls-assistant-pilot-65pct-no-hospital." }, { "id": "uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2022", "family": "ems", "statement": "The Scottish Ambulance Service attended 42,206 falls incidents involving people aged 65 and over in calendar 2022, per its FOI response 25-168 (May 2025).", "value": 42206, "unit": "falls incidents attended, patients aged 65+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Scotland", "period": "calendar year 2022", "population": "People aged 65+ attended by the Scottish Ambulance Service in the 'Falls' category", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Scottish Ambulance Service", "source_title": "FOI 25-168 Fall related Incidents (data spreadsheet, sheet Q3&Q4)", "source_url": "https://www.scottishambulance.com/contact-us/freedom-of-information/foi-requests/foi-25-168-fall-related-incidents/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-05-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Calendar Year | Falls Attended Incidents T2 ... 2022 | 42,206", "locator": "Attached spreadsheet foi-25-168-data.xlsx, sheet 'Q3&Q4', row for 2022 (column 'Falls Attended Incidents T2')", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "sas-falls-65plus-attended", "history": [], "notes": "Column label 'T2' is not defined on the page; the response text says tab 2 'detail[s] the number of calls attended within the category of Falls for people aged 65years or over between 01/01/2022-31/12/2024'. A second table ('T3', 2024 only) shows 3,463 falls incidents under a different, undefined definition.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2022", "citation_text": "The Scottish Ambulance Service attended 42,206 falls incidents involving people aged 65 and over in calendar 2022, per its FOI response 25-168 (May 2025). Source: Scottish Ambulance Service, \"FOI 25-168 Fall related Incidents (data spreadsheet, sheet Q3&Q4)\" (https://www.scottishambulance.com/contact-us/freedom-of-information/foi-requests/foi-25-168-fall-related-incidents/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2022." }, { "id": "uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2023", "family": "ems", "statement": "The Scottish Ambulance Service attended 44,053 falls incidents involving people aged 65 and over in calendar 2023, per its FOI response 25-168 (May 2025).", "value": 44053, "unit": "falls incidents attended, patients aged 65+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Scotland", "period": "calendar year 2023", "population": "People aged 65+ attended in the 'Falls' category", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Scottish Ambulance Service", "source_title": "FOI 25-168 Fall related Incidents (data spreadsheet, sheet Q3&Q4)", "source_url": "https://www.scottishambulance.com/contact-us/freedom-of-information/foi-requests/foi-25-168-fall-related-incidents/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-05-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2023 | 44,053", "locator": "Attached spreadsheet, sheet 'Q3&Q4', row for 2023", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "sas-falls-65plus-attended", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2023", "citation_text": "The Scottish Ambulance Service attended 44,053 falls incidents involving people aged 65 and over in calendar 2023, per its FOI response 25-168 (May 2025). Source: Scottish Ambulance Service, \"FOI 25-168 Fall related Incidents (data spreadsheet, sheet Q3&Q4)\" (https://www.scottishambulance.com/contact-us/freedom-of-information/foi-requests/foi-25-168-fall-related-incidents/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2023." }, { "id": "uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2024", "family": "ems", "statement": "The Scottish Ambulance Service attended 41,875 falls incidents involving people aged 65 and over in calendar 2024, out of 322,442 incidents attended for that age group, per its FOI response 25-168 (May 2025).", "value": 41875, "unit": "falls incidents attended, patients aged 65+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Scotland", "period": "calendar year 2024", "population": "People aged 65+ attended in the 'Falls' category", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Scottish Ambulance Service", "source_title": "FOI 25-168 Fall related Incidents (data spreadsheet)", "source_url": "https://www.scottishambulance.com/contact-us/freedom-of-information/foi-requests/foi-25-168-fall-related-incidents/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-05-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2024 | 41,875 ... Call Started Calendar Year | Attended Incidents | Conveyed ... 2024 | 322,442 | 241,741", "locator": "Attached spreadsheet, sheets 'Q3&Q4' (falls) and 'Q1&Q2' (all 65+ incidents)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "sas-falls-65plus-attended", "history": [], "notes": "All-cause 65+ incidents attended: 300,247 (2022), 312,254 (2023), 322,442 (2024); conveyed 231,264 / 237,978 / 241,741.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2024", "citation_text": "The Scottish Ambulance Service attended 41,875 falls incidents involving people aged 65 and over in calendar 2024, out of 322,442 incidents attended for that age group, per its FOI response 25-168 (May 2025). Source: Scottish Ambulance Service, \"FOI 25-168 Fall related Incidents (data spreadsheet)\" (https://www.scottishambulance.com/contact-us/freedom-of-information/foi-requests/foi-25-168-fall-related-incidents/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-scotland-falls-65plus-attended-2024." }, { "id": "uk-scotland-falls-share-65plus-2024-derived", "family": "ems", "statement": "Falls made up about 13.0% of Scottish Ambulance Service incidents attended for people aged 65 and over in 2024 (41,875 of 322,442), derived from its FOI response 25-168.", "value": 13, "unit": "% of 65+ incidents attended that were falls", "display_value": "13%", "display_label": "Scotland, incidents attended for people 65+ (2024, derived)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Scotland", "period": "calendar year 2024", "population": "People aged 65+ attended by the Scottish Ambulance Service", "sample_n": 322442, "publisher": "Scottish Ambulance Service (derived by CareTrigger research)", "source_title": "FOI 25-168 Fall related Incidents (data spreadsheet)", "source_url": "https://www.scottishambulance.com/contact-us/freedom-of-information/foi-requests/foi-25-168-fall-related-incidents/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-05-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2024 | 41,875 (falls, T2); 2024 | 322,442 (attended incidents, 65+)", "locator": "Attached spreadsheet, sheets 'Q3&Q4' and 'Q1&Q2'", "derived": true, "formula": "41875 / 322442 * 100 = 12.99 (rounded to 13.0)", "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Depends on the undefined 'T2' falls definition; present as 'about 13%'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-scotland-falls-share-65plus-2024-derived", "citation_text": "Falls made up about 13.0% of Scottish Ambulance Service incidents attended for people aged 65 and over in 2024 (41,875 of 322,442), derived from its FOI response 25-168. Source: Scottish Ambulance Service (derived by CareTrigger research), \"FOI 25-168 Fall related Incidents (data spreadsheet)\" (https://www.scottishambulance.com/contact-us/freedom-of-information/foi-requests/foi-25-168-fall-related-incidents/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-scotland-falls-share-65plus-2024-derived." }, { "id": "uk-neas-cost-per-fall-2006", "family": "ems", "statement": "Attending fallers in the community cost the North East Ambulance Service £145.83 per fall and £376,018 a year in Newcastle (based on 1,504 falls in people over 65 across 7 months), per Newton et al., Emergency Medicine Journal 2006.", "value": 145.83, "unit": "GBP per fall attended (2006 prices)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Newcastle upon Tyne, England", "period": "7-month study window, circa 2004-2005", "population": "People over 65 who fell and were attended by NEAS", "sample_n": 1504, "publisher": "Emergency Medicine Journal (BMJ)", "source_title": "The costs of falls in the community to the North East Ambulance Service (Newton JL, Kyle P, Liversidge P, Robinson G, Wilton K, Reeve P)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16714519/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2006-06-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "attending to fallers in the community costs NEAS 376,018 pounds sterling per year (145.83 pounds sterling per fall or 9.10 pounds sterling per person over the age of 65 per year)", "locator": "Abstract, Results (verified via Europe PMC REST record for PMID 16714519)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Cost inputs: £115 per call-out; £123 per hour of emergency ambulance time; 377.1 crew-hours on site. 165 of 1,504 falls (11%) were 'assistance only' (no conveyance). Dated; use as a historical benchmark alongside the NHS England £252 call-out costing (2022).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-neas-cost-per-fall-2006", "citation_text": "Attending fallers in the community cost the North East Ambulance Service £145.83 per fall and £376,018 a year in Newcastle (based on 1,504 falls in people over 65 across 7 months), per Newton et al., Emergency Medicine Journal 2006. Source: Emergency Medicine Journal (BMJ), \"The costs of falls in the community to the North East Ambulance Service (Newton JL, Kyle P, Liversidge P, Robinson G, Wilton K, Reeve P)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16714519/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-neas-cost-per-fall-2006." }, { "id": "uk-neas-assistance-only-11pct-2006", "family": "ems", "statement": "In the Newcastle study, 165 of 1,504 falls attended in people over 65 (11%) required assistance only, with no conveyance to A&E, per Newton et al., Emergency Medicine Journal 2006.", "value": 11, "unit": "% of falls attended requiring assistance only", "display_value": "11%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Newcastle upon Tyne, England", "period": "7-month study window", "population": "People over 65 who fell and were attended by NEAS", "sample_n": 1504, "publisher": "Emergency Medicine Journal (BMJ)", "source_title": "The costs of falls in the community to the North East Ambulance Service", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16714519/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2006-06-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The faller was transported to A&E on 1339 occasions, while 165 falls required assistance only (11% of total)", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "A 2006 benchmark; modern non-conveyance for falls is far higher (e.g., 50% in Wales 2017/18; 21% of US 65+ fall calls not transported in 2012).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-neas-assistance-only-11pct-2006", "citation_text": "In the Newcastle study, 165 of 1,504 falls attended in people over 65 (11%) required assistance only, with no conveyance to A&E, per Newton et al., Emergency Medicine Journal 2006. Source: Emergency Medicine Journal (BMJ), \"The costs of falls in the community to the North East Ambulance Service\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16714519/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-neas-assistance-only-11pct-2006." }, { "id": "uk-nhse-cfr-236000-incidents-2021-22", "family": "ems", "statement": "About 6,000 Community First Responders in England responded to 236,000 incidents in 2021/22, and most ambulance trusts already use them for falls, per NHS England's community-based falls response guidance (October 2022).", "value": 236000, "unit": "incidents attended by Community First Responders per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "2021/22", "population": "All CFR-attended incidents (not falls-specific)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "Going further for winter: Community-based falls response (BW2063)", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/BW2063-falls-response-service-principles-19-october-22.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-10-19", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "There are approximately 6,000 CFRs nationally, who responded to 236,000 incidents nationally in 2021/22. The majority of ambulance trusts already use CFRs to respond to falls", "locator": "Annex: definitions of response provision, 'Community First Responders (CFRs)'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The same document defines a 'level one' fall as 'clinically triaged as having no injury or illness but requires some level of assistance to avoid poor outcomes and long lies' and requires ICBs to provide community alternatives to a double-crewed ambulance for level one and two falls 0800-2000, 7 days a week.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nhse-cfr-236000-incidents-2021-22", "citation_text": "About 6,000 Community First Responders in England responded to 236,000 incidents in 2021/22, and most ambulance trusts already use them for falls, per NHS England's community-based falls response guidance (October 2022). Source: NHS England, \"Going further for winter: Community-based falls response (BW2063)\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/BW2063-falls-response-service-principles-19-october-22.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nhse-cfr-236000-incidents-2021-22." }, { "id": "uk-nhse-ambulance-callout-cost-252", "family": "ems", "statement": "NHS England's falls-response guidance costs an ambulance call-out at £252, so 92 avoided call-outs in a six-week care-home lifting-equipment pilot in Mid and South Essex saved £23,184 (October 2022).", "value": 252, "unit": "GBP per ambulance call-out (costing assumption)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England (Mid and South Essex ICS pilot)", "period": "2022 (six-week pilot)", "population": "Care-home residents who fell", "sample_n": 244, "publisher": "NHS England", "source_title": "Going further for winter: Community-based falls response (BW2063)", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/BW2063-falls-response-service-principles-19-october-22.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-10-19", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "If costed at £252 for an ambulance call out, the 92 avoided call outs totalled a saving of £23,184 over six weeks.", "locator": "Section 4, Case Study: Mid and South Essex ICS", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Pilot: 81 Raizer II lifting chairs; '244 falls occurred, which would have resulted in 134 call outs. This was reduced to 42 call outs'. The £252 is a unit-cost assumption used in the case study, not a national audited cost.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nhse-ambulance-callout-cost-252", "citation_text": "NHS England's falls-response guidance costs an ambulance call-out at £252, so 92 avoided call-outs in a six-week care-home lifting-equipment pilot in Mid and South Essex saved £23,184 (October 2022). Source: NHS England, \"Going further for winter: Community-based falls response (BW2063)\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/BW2063-falls-response-service-principles-19-october-22.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nhse-ambulance-callout-cost-252." }, { "id": "uk-wales-care-home-lifting-80pct-reduction", "family": "ems", "statement": "After 600 Welsh care homes received lifting cushions and the ISTUMBLE assessment app in 2018, falls needing an ambulance fell from 379 to 75 (an 80% reduction) and 87% of falls were managed in-house, per NHS England's falls-response guidance (2022).", "value": 80, "unit": "% reduction in falls requiring an ambulance", "display_value": "80%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Aneurin Bevan Health Board area, Wales", "period": "2018 project", "population": "Residents of 600 care homes", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NHS England (case study of Aneurin Bevan UHB / Welsh Ambulance Service project)", "source_title": "Going further for winter: Community-based falls response (BW2063)", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/BW2063-falls-response-service-principles-19-october-22.pdf", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-10-19", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Falls which would have previously required an ambulance reduced from 379 to 75 (Reduction of 80%)", "locator": "Section 4, Case Study: Wales Care Home Project", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Also: 'The number of residents conveyed to hospital as a result of a fall reduced from circa 65% to 16%.' Pre/post comparison without a control group.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-wales-care-home-lifting-80pct-reduction", "citation_text": "After 600 Welsh care homes received lifting cushions and the ISTUMBLE assessment app in 2018, falls needing an ambulance fell from 379 to 75 (an 80% reduction) and 87% of falls were managed in-house, per NHS England's falls-response guidance (2022). Source: NHS England (case study of Aneurin Bevan UHB / Welsh Ambulance Service project), \"Going further for winter: Community-based falls response (BW2063)\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/BW2063-falls-response-service-principles-19-october-22.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-wales-care-home-lifting-80pct-reduction." }, { "id": "uk-eeast-community-wellbeing-officers-40pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "East of England Ambulance Service Community Wellbeing Officers helped 443 people who had fallen between November 2023 and September 2024, with 40% discharged without further ambulance attendance, per EEAST (September 2024).", "value": 40, "unit": "% of fallers discharged without further EEAST attendance", "display_value": "40%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "East of England", "period": "November 2023 - September 2024", "population": "Fallers attended by Community Wellbeing Officers", "sample_n": 443, "publisher": "East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust", "source_title": "Community response helps those who fall at home", "source_url": "https://www.eastamb.nhs.uk/newsroom/community-response-helps-those-who-fall-at-home", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-09-23", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Community Wellbeing Officers have helped 443 people who had fallen, with 40% of patients being discharged without further EEAST attendance", "locator": "News release body (Falls Prevention Week)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Same release: 60 military co-responders from four RAF bases attended 373 fallers Sept 2023-Aug 2024, 30% discharged without further EEAST attendance; Community First Responders assessed and discharged 138 patients since December 2023. Quote: Tom Barker, Head of Collaborative Response.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-eeast-community-wellbeing-officers-40pct", "citation_text": "East of England Ambulance Service Community Wellbeing Officers helped 443 people who had fallen between November 2023 and September 2024, with 40% discharged without further ambulance attendance, per EEAST (September 2024). Source: East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust, \"Community response helps those who fall at home\" (https://www.eastamb.nhs.uk/newsroom/community-response-helps-those-who-fall-at-home). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-eeast-community-wellbeing-officers-40pct." }, { "id": "uk-nias-falls-recontact-2020", "family": "ems", "statement": "Of 1,079 falls attended by the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service in people aged 65+ over three months in 2017, 7% were referred to a falls prevention service; of those, 37.3% re-contacted the ambulance service within a month and 70.7% within six months, per Scott, British Paramedic Journal 2020.", "value": 70.7, "unit": "% of referred fallers re-contacting the ambulance service within 6 months", "display_value": "70.7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Northern Ireland", "period": "1 July - 30 September 2017 (index), 6-month follow-up", "population": "Fallers aged 65+ referred by paramedics to a falls prevention service", "sample_n": 75, "publisher": "British Paramedic Journal (College of Paramedics)", "source_title": "Re-contact rates with a UK ambulance service following paramedic referral to a falls prevention service for those aged ≥ 65 years: a retrospective cohort study (Scott J)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7783949/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-12-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Referral rate: 7% (n = 75) of 1,079 fall incidents in patients aged ≥65 years; Re-contact within 1 month: 37.3% (n = 28); Re-contact within 6 months: 70.7% (n = 53)", "locator": "Abstract, Results (full text via Europe PMC)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Introduction cites Snooks et al. 2006: falls account for '8% of the workload of UK ambulance services'. Small referred cohort (n=75).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nias-falls-recontact-2020", "citation_text": "Of 1,079 falls attended by the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service in people aged 65+ over three months in 2017, 7% were referred to a falls prevention service; of those, 37.3% re-contacted the ambulance service within a month and 70.7% within six months, per Scott, British Paramedic Journal 2020. Source: British Paramedic Journal (College of Paramedics), \"Re-contact rates with a UK ambulance service following paramedic referral to a falls prevention service for those aged ≥ 65 years: a retrospective cohort study (Scott J)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7783949/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nias-falls-recontact-2020." }, { "id": "uk-spire-foi-800000-fall-calls-2024", "family": "ems", "statement": "Over 800,000 calls were made to UK ambulance services in 2024 relating to slips, trips and falls, about 91 an hour, per Freedom of Information responses compiled by Spire Healthcare (11 of 13 services responded in full).", "value": 800000, "unit": "fall-related calls per year (over 800,000)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom (11 of 13 ambulance services)", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "All ambulance calls coded as slips, trips and falls", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Spire Healthcare (compiling ambulance-service FOI responses)", "source_title": "UK Fall Hotspots: Ambulance Call Data by Region", "source_url": "https://www.spirehealthcare.com/health-hub/specialties/bones-and-joints/slips-trips-and-falls/", "source_type": "aggregator-traced", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-01-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Over 800,000 calls were made to UK ambulance services in 2024 related to trips, slips and falls", "locator": "Page introduction and methodology note", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Compiled by a private hospital group's content team; 'we have not received full responses from two of the UK's 13 ambulance services, namely Yorkshire Ambulance Service and South Central Ambulance Service'. Per-hour rates: East of England 18, North West 13, South West 12, London 10. Definitions vary by service; use with attribution to the FOI compilation.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-spire-foi-800000-fall-calls-2024", "citation_text": "Over 800,000 calls were made to UK ambulance services in 2024 relating to slips, trips and falls, about 91 an hour, per Freedom of Information responses compiled by Spire Healthcare (11 of 13 services responded in full). Source: Spire Healthcare (compiling ambulance-service FOI responses), \"UK Fall Hotspots: Ambulance Call Data by Region\" (https://www.spirehealthcare.com/health-hub/specialties/bones-and-joints/slips-trips-and-falls/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-spire-foi-800000-fall-calls-2024." }, { "id": "us-nemsis-falls-17pct-ems-calls-65plus-2012", "family": "ems", "statement": "Among Americans aged 65 and over, falls accounted for 17% of all 911 EMS calls in 2012, and 21% of those fall calls did not result in transport, per CDC analysis of NEMSIS data from 42 states (Faul et al., American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016).", "value": 17, "unit": "% of EMS 911 calls for people aged 65+", "display_value": "17%", "display_label": "United States, 911 EMS calls for people 65+ (NEMSIS 2012)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States (42 states reporting to NEMSIS)", "period": "2012", "population": "911 EMS call events, patients aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "American Journal of Preventive Medicine (Elsevier); authors at CDC", "source_title": "Older Adult Falls Seen by Emergency Medical Service Providers: A Prevention Opportunity (Faul M, Stevens JA, Sasser SM, et al.)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26853845/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2016-05-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Among people aged ≥65 years, falls accounted for 17% of all EMS calls. More than one in five (21%) of these emergency 911 calls did not result in a transport. Most falls occurred at home (60.2%)", "locator": "Abstract, Results (verified via Europe PMC REST record for PMID 26853845)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The 903,588 absolute count and 17.4% figure appear in the full text (search snippets) but only the abstract was verified. Falls at residential institutions/nursing homes: 21.7%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-nemsis-falls-17pct-ems-calls-65plus-2012", "citation_text": "Among Americans aged 65 and over, falls accounted for 17% of all 911 EMS calls in 2012, and 21% of those fall calls did not result in transport, per CDC analysis of NEMSIS data from 42 states (Faul et al., American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016). Source: American Journal of Preventive Medicine (Elsevier); authors at CDC, \"Older Adult Falls Seen by Emergency Medical Service Providers: A Prevention Opportunity (Faul M, Stevens JA, Sasser SM, et al.)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26853845/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-nemsis-falls-17pct-ems-calls-65plus-2012." }, { "id": "us-nemsis-falls-leading-cause-of-injury-2024", "family": "ems", "statement": "Falls were the leading documented cause of injury in US 911 EMS activations with patient contact in 2024: 3,566,186 events, 52.9% of the 6,741,486 injury events with a recorded cause, per the NEMSIS 2024 National EMS Data Report.", "value": 3566186, "unit": "911 EMS activations with patient contact and cause of injury = falls", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States (54 participating states/territories)", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "911-initiated EMS activations with patient contact and a recorded cause of injury", "sample_n": 6741486, "publisher": "NEMSIS Technical Assistance Center (NHTSA Office of EMS)", "source_title": "National EMS Data Report 2024", "source_url": "https://nemsis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/NEMSIS-End-of-Year-Report-2024.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-08-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Falls (including Tripping, Slipping, Fall from Furniture/Stairs, Ice/Snow) 3,566,186 ... 6,741,486 TOTAL ... 52.9%", "locator": "Page 9/10, 'Top 20 Causes of Injury' table (eInjury.01; inclusion: 911 initiated and patient contact was made)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "nemsis-falls-cause-of-injury-count", "history": [], "notes": "Total NEMSIS activations in 2024: 60,298,684 (all types, 14,756 agencies). The percent is of injury events with a recorded cause, NOT of all activations. Counts are not comparable across years because NEMSIS participation grows each year.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-nemsis-falls-leading-cause-of-injury-2024", "citation_text": "Falls were the leading documented cause of injury in US 911 EMS activations with patient contact in 2024: 3,566,186 events, 52.9% of the 6,741,486 injury events with a recorded cause, per the NEMSIS 2024 National EMS Data Report. Source: NEMSIS Technical Assistance Center (NHTSA Office of EMS), \"National EMS Data Report 2024\" (https://nemsis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/NEMSIS-End-of-Year-Report-2024.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-nemsis-falls-leading-cause-of-injury-2024." }, { "id": "us-nemsis-falls-leading-cause-of-injury-2021", "family": "ems", "statement": "In 2021 falls were the leading documented cause of injury in US 911 EMS activations with patient contact: 2,667,567 events, 51.5% of 5,176,176 injury events with a recorded cause, per the NEMSIS 2021 National EMS Data Report.", "value": 2667567, "unit": "911 EMS activations with patient contact and cause of injury = falls", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States (50 participating states/territories)", "period": "calendar 2021", "population": "911-initiated EMS activations with patient contact and a recorded cause of injury", "sample_n": 5176176, "publisher": "NEMSIS Technical Assistance Center (NHTSA Office of EMS)", "source_title": "2021 National EMS Data Report", "source_url": "https://nemsis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/NEMSIS-End-of-Year-Report-2021.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-01-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Falls (including Tripping, Slipping, Fall from Furniture/Stairs, Ice/Snow) 2,667,567 ... 5,176,176 TOTAL ... 51.5%", "locator": "Page 7, 'Cause of Injury' table (eSituation.11; inclusion: 911 initiated and patient contact was made)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "nemsis-falls-cause-of-injury-count", "history": [], "notes": "Total NEMSIS activations in 2021: 43,488,767 (12,319 agencies). Publication date is approximate (report year 2021; file hosted 2025).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-nemsis-falls-leading-cause-of-injury-2021", "citation_text": "In 2021 falls were the leading documented cause of injury in US 911 EMS activations with patient contact: 2,667,567 events, 51.5% of 5,176,176 injury events with a recorded cause, per the NEMSIS 2021 National EMS Data Report. Source: NEMSIS Technical Assistance Center (NHTSA Office of EMS), \"2021 National EMS Data Report\" (https://nemsis.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/NEMSIS-End-of-Year-Report-2021.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-nemsis-falls-leading-cause-of-injury-2021." }, { "id": "us-wisconsin-falls-21pct-911-runs-2024", "family": "ems", "statement": "In 2024 Wisconsin EMS responded to over 140,000 falls, which made up 21% of 911 ambulance runs with patient contact, per the Wisconsin Department of Health Services EMS and Falls Report (September 2025).", "value": 21, "unit": "% of 911 ambulance runs with patient contact", "display_value": "21%", "display_label": "in Wisconsin in 2024: more than 140,000 falls (Wisconsin DHS)", "display_hook": "of 911 ambulance runs were falls", "row_label": "Wisconsin, 911 ambulance runs with patient contact (2024)", "publisher_short": "Wisconsin DHS", "geography": "Wisconsin, USA", "period": "calendar 2024", "population": "911 ambulance runs reported to WARDS with patient contact", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Health Services", "source_title": "EMS and Falls in Wisconsin, 2024 Report (P-03493)", "source_url": "https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p03493-2024.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-09-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Falls made up 21% of 911-related ambulance runs in 2024 where patient contact was made", "locator": "Page 2, 'Falls That EMS Responded to in WARDS by Year'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Intro: 'In 2024, emergency medical services (EMS) in Wisconsin responded to over 140,000 falls.' All ages. Wisconsin has the highest older-adult fall death rate in the US (CDC), so its share may be above the national average.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-wisconsin-falls-21pct-911-runs-2024", "citation_text": "In 2024 Wisconsin EMS responded to over 140,000 falls, which made up 21% of 911 ambulance runs with patient contact, per the Wisconsin Department of Health Services EMS and Falls Report (September 2025). Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, \"EMS and Falls in Wisconsin, 2024 Report (P-03493)\" (https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p03493-2024.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-wisconsin-falls-21pct-911-runs-2024." }, { "id": "us-wisconsin-falls-growth-2019-2024", "family": "ems", "statement": "Wisconsin EMS responded to 35,564 more falls in 2024 than in 2019, an average rise of 6.1% a year (nearly 10,000 extra falls a year), per the Wisconsin DHS EMS and Falls Report (September 2025).", "value": 6.1, "unit": "% average annual increase in EMS fall responses, 2019-2024", "display_value": "6.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": "Wisconsin DHS", "geography": "Wisconsin, USA", "period": "2019-2024", "population": "All EMS fall responses reported to WARDS", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Health Services", "source_title": "EMS and Falls in Wisconsin, 2024 Report (P-03493)", "source_url": "https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p03493-2024.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-09-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "There were 35,564 more falls that EMS responded to in 2024 than in 2019. The number of falls that EMS responds to are increasing by nearly 10,000 a year statewide, with an average increase of 6.1% a year since 2019.", "locator": "Page 2, 'Falls That EMS Responded to in WARDS by Year'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Private-residence falls rose about 4,500 a year (6.3%/yr); nursing-home falls about 1,200 a year (8.1%/yr).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-wisconsin-falls-growth-2019-2024", "citation_text": "Wisconsin EMS responded to 35,564 more falls in 2024 than in 2019, an average rise of 6.1% a year (nearly 10,000 extra falls a year), per the Wisconsin DHS EMS and Falls Report (September 2025). Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, \"EMS and Falls in Wisconsin, 2024 Report (P-03493)\" (https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p03493-2024.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-wisconsin-falls-growth-2019-2024." }, { "id": "us-wisconsin-non-transport-fall-runs-86pct-rise", "family": "ems", "statement": "Non-transport (lift-assist and similar) EMS runs for falls at private residences in Wisconsin have risen by 16,000 a year since 2018, an 86% increase, and at nursing homes by 2,933 a year (285%), per the Wisconsin DHS EMS and Falls Report (September 2025).", "value": 86, "unit": "% increase in non-transport fall runs at private residences since 2018", "display_value": "86%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": "Wisconsin DHS", "geography": "Wisconsin, USA", "period": "2018-2024", "population": "EMS fall responses not resulting in transport", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Wisconsin Department of Health Services", "source_title": "EMS and Falls in Wisconsin, 2024 Report (P-03493)", "source_url": "https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p03493-2024.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-09-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "These have increased by 16,000 runs a year since 2018, an 86% increase. Non-transport EMS runs for falls at nursing homes have increased by 2,933 a year since 2018, a 285% increase.", "locator": "Page 5, 'Lift Assists and other Non-Transports by Fall Location'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Report cautions: 'Sometimes simple lift assist responses are not recorded by EMS agencies or are not reported into WARDS.' Some facilities have 'no lift' policies that drive EMS lift-assist calls.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-wisconsin-non-transport-fall-runs-86pct-rise", "citation_text": "Non-transport (lift-assist and similar) EMS runs for falls at private residences in Wisconsin have risen by 16,000 a year since 2018, an 86% increase, and at nursing homes by 2,933 a year (285%), per the Wisconsin DHS EMS and Falls Report (September 2025). Source: Wisconsin Department of Health Services, \"EMS and Falls in Wisconsin, 2024 Report (P-03493)\" (https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p03493-2024.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-wisconsin-non-transport-fall-runs-86pct-rise." }, { "id": "us-cone-2013-lift-assists-4-8pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "In a suburban US fire-based EMS system, 1,087 lift-assist responses made up 4.8% of all EMS incidents from 2004 to 2009, and two-thirds of them went to one-third of the 535 addresses involved, per Cone et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2013.", "value": 4.8, "unit": "% of EMS incidents that were lift assists", "display_value": "4.8%", "display_label": "Lift assists as a share of EMS incidents, suburban US fire-based system (2004-2009)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Suburban community, Connecticut, USA (single fire-based EMS system)", "period": "2004-2009", "population": "All EMS incidents (computer-aided dispatch records)", "sample_n": 1087, "publisher": "Prehospital Emergency Care (Taylor & Francis / NAEMSP)", "source_title": "A descriptive study of the 'lift-assist' call (Cone DC, Ahern J, Lee CH, Baker D, Murphy T, Bogucki S)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22971148/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2013-01-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "From 2004 through 2009, there were 1,087 LA responses (4.8% of EMS incidents) to 535 different addresses. Two-thirds of the LA calls (726; 66.8%) were to one-third of these addresses (174 addresses; 32.5%)", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 22971148; publisher page tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10903127.2012.717168 returned 403)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Definition used: a 911 call 'because of an inability to get up, is subsequently determined to be uninjured, and is not transported'. Crews averaged 21.5 minutes out of service per lift assist.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-cone-2013-lift-assists-4-8pct", "citation_text": "In a suburban US fire-based EMS system, 1,087 lift-assist responses made up 4.8% of all EMS incidents from 2004 to 2009, and two-thirds of them went to one-third of the 535 addresses involved, per Cone et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2013. Source: Prehospital Emergency Care (Taylor & Francis / NAEMSP), \"A descriptive study of the 'lift-assist' call (Cone DC, Ahern J, Lee CH, Baker D, Murphy T, Bogucki S)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22971148/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-cone-2013-lift-assists-4-8pct." }, { "id": "us-cone-2013-return-visits-30-days", "family": "ems", "statement": "After a lift-assist call, 563 return EMS visits to the same address occurred within 30 days; where patients could be matched, 47.3% were for medical complaints and 55.5% ended in hospital transport, per Cone et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2013.", "value": 55.5, "unit": "% of matched 30-day return visits requiring hospital transport", "display_value": "55.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Suburban community, Connecticut, USA", "period": "2004-2009", "population": "EMS return visits within 30 days of an index lift assist (214 matched to the same patient)", "sample_n": 214, "publisher": "Prehospital Emergency Care", "source_title": "A descriptive study of the 'lift-assist' call", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22971148/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2013-01-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of these, 38.5% were for another LA/refusal of transport, 8.2% for falls and other injuries, and 47.3% for medical complaints. Hospital transport was required in 55.5% of these return visits.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'85% of return visits were likely for the same patients.' Authors conclude lift assists 'may be early indicators of medical problems'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-cone-2013-return-visits-30-days", "citation_text": "After a lift-assist call, 563 return EMS visits to the same address occurred within 30 days; where patients could be matched, 47.3% were for medical complaints and 55.5% ended in hospital transport, per Cone et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2013. Source: Prehospital Emergency Care, \"A descriptive study of the 'lift-assist' call\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22971148/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-cone-2013-return-visits-30-days." }, { "id": "us-quatman-2018-jags-repeat-fall-callers", "family": "ems", "statement": "Over ten years in one suburban US community, 11% of 37,324 EMS calls were fall-related calls for people aged 60+, 29% of those fallers called again, and the 15% who called five or more times were transported only 21% of the time versus 75% for first-time callers, per Quatman et al., Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2018.", "value": 29, "unit": "% of older fall callers with at least one further fall call", "display_value": "29%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Medium-sized suburban community, Minnesota, USA", "period": "1 January 2007 - 31 December 2016", "population": "Community-dwelling adults aged 60+ with EMS fall calls", "sample_n": 4084, "publisher": "Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley)", "source_title": "Frequent 911 Fall Calls in Older Adults: Opportunity for Injury Prevention Strategies (Quatman CE, Anderson JP, Mondor M, Halweg J, Quatman-Yates C, Switzer JA)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30019749/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2018-10-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Twenty-nine percent (n=685) of individuals who called for a fall called at least one more time within the study period ... Fifteen percent (n=107) of repeat callers called 5 or more times for falls, and these individuals were transported to the hospital only 21% of the time (vs 75% of first-time callers", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 30019749)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'Over the 10-year period, 37,324 EMS call data were recorded, with 11% (N=4,084) identified as fall-related calls that occurred for individuals aged 60 and older.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-quatman-2018-jags-repeat-fall-callers", "citation_text": "Over ten years in one suburban US community, 11% of 37,324 EMS calls were fall-related calls for people aged 60+, 29% of those fallers called again, and the 15% who called five or more times were transported only 21% of the time versus 75% for first-time callers, per Quatman et al., Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2018. Source: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (Wiley), \"Frequent 911 Fall Calls in Older Adults: Opportunity for Injury Prevention Strategies (Quatman CE, Anderson JP, Mondor M, Halweg J, Quatman-Yates C, Switzer JA)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30019749/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-quatman-2018-jags-repeat-fall-callers." }, { "id": "us-quatman-2018-fall-calls-up-268pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "In Maplewood, Minnesota, EMS fall calls for people aged 60+ rose 268% between 2007 and 2017, lift assists nearly doubled, and non-transport fall calls cost the community an estimated US$1.5 million over the decade at about US$825 per untreated run, per Quatman et al., Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 2018.", "value": 268, "unit": "% increase in EMS fall calls (60+) over 10 years", "display_value": "268%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Maplewood, Minnesota, USA (population ~40,567; 15.2% aged 65+)", "period": "1 March 2007 - 1 March 2017", "population": "EMS responses for patients aged 60+ (38,237 total; 11.5% fall-related)", "sample_n": 38237, "publisher": "Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation (SAGE)", "source_title": "Ten years of EMS Fall Calls in a Community: An Opportunity for Injury Prevention Strategies (Quatman CE, Mondor M, Halweg J, Switzer JA)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/2151459318783453", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2018-06-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of the 38 237 EMS care responses in patients 60 years or older, 11.5% were related to falls. ... Fall calls increased by 268% over the past 10 years (P = .0006) ... Lift assists increased significantly (P = .0003), nearly doubling over the decade.", "locator": "Abstract and Results (full text via Europe PMC, PMC6041994)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Cost: 'fall calls that did not result in transport to the hospital cost the community an estimated US$1.5 million over a 10-year period' and 'The total cost of an EMS run that did not result in treatment was determined to be approximately US$825.' Single community; growth partly reflects an ageing local population.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-quatman-2018-fall-calls-up-268pct", "citation_text": "In Maplewood, Minnesota, EMS fall calls for people aged 60+ rose 268% between 2007 and 2017, lift assists nearly doubled, and non-transport fall calls cost the community an estimated US$1.5 million over the decade at about US$825 per untreated run, per Quatman et al., Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 2018. Source: Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation (SAGE), \"Ten years of EMS Fall Calls in a Community: An Opportunity for Injury Prevention Strategies (Quatman CE, Mondor M, Halweg J, Switzer JA)\" (https://doi.org/10.1177/2151459318783453). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-quatman-2018-fall-calls-up-268pct." }, { "id": "us-quatman-2018-cost-per-untreated-run-825", "family": "ems", "statement": "The total cost of an EMS run that did not result in treatment (e.g., a lift assist) was approximately US$825 in Maplewood, Minnesota, per Quatman et al., Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 2018.", "value": 825, "unit": "USD per EMS run without treatment (local estimate)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Maplewood, Minnesota, USA", "period": "2007-2017", "population": "EMS fall responses without transport/treatment", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation (SAGE)", "source_title": "Ten years of EMS Fall Calls in a Community: An Opportunity for Injury Prevention Strategies", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1177/2151459318783453", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2018-06-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The total cost of an EMS run that did not result in treatment was determined to be approximately US$825.", "locator": "Results / cost analysis (full text via Europe PMC)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Local cost construction (personnel, apparatus); not a national reimbursement rate. Lift assists are 'generally not reimbursable' (Cone 2013).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-quatman-2018-cost-per-untreated-run-825", "citation_text": "The total cost of an EMS run that did not result in treatment (e.g., a lift assist) was approximately US$825 in Maplewood, Minnesota, per Quatman et al., Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 2018. Source: Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation (SAGE), \"Ten years of EMS Fall Calls in a Community: An Opportunity for Injury Prevention Strategies\" (https://doi.org/10.1177/2151459318783453). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-quatman-2018-cost-per-untreated-run-825." }, { "id": "us-aedr-2020-lift-assists-share-of-fall-calls", "family": "ems", "statement": "Across three US emergency dispatch/EMS agencies, 6,701 of 15,666 Falls Protocol calls (January 2017-July 2018) were lift assists, and 3.82% of lift assists generated a repeat 911 call within 24 hours, per the Annals of Emergency Dispatch & Response (2020).", "value": 3.82, "unit": "% of lift-assist calls followed by a repeat 911 call within 24 hours", "display_value": "3.82%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States (three agencies, unnamed)", "period": "1 January 2017 - 31 July 2018", "population": "911 calls handled under the MPDS Falls Protocol", "sample_n": 6701, "publisher": "Annals of Emergency Dispatch & Response (International Academies of Emergency Dispatch)", "source_title": "Falls Protocol Lift Assist Calls: Predictors of Repeat 911 Calls", "source_url": "https://www.aedrjournal.org/falls-protocol-lift-assist-calls-predictors-of-repeat-911-calls", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-01-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Total fall calls analyzed: 15,666; Lift assist calls identified: 6,701; Repeat calls within 24 hours: 256 (3.82% of lift assists)", "locator": "Abstract / Results (figures as extracted from the article page)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Median patient age 77 (IQR 64-85). 'Patient age and total EMS scene time were predictors of repeat calls.' Mean scene time 18.13 min (non-repeat) vs 19.73 min (repeat).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-aedr-2020-lift-assists-share-of-fall-calls", "citation_text": "Across three US emergency dispatch/EMS agencies, 6,701 of 15,666 Falls Protocol calls (January 2017-July 2018) were lift assists, and 3.82% of lift assists generated a repeat 911 call within 24 hours, per the Annals of Emergency Dispatch & Response (2020). Source: Annals of Emergency Dispatch & Response (International Academies of Emergency Dispatch), \"Falls Protocol Lift Assist Calls: Predictors of Repeat 911 Calls\" (https://www.aedrjournal.org/falls-protocol-lift-assist-calls-predictors-of-repeat-911-calls). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-aedr-2020-lift-assists-share-of-fall-calls." }, { "id": "us-aedr-2020-lift-assists-42-8pct-derived", "family": "ems", "statement": "About 42.8% of Falls Protocol 911 calls across three US agencies were lift assists (6,701 of 15,666), derived from the Annals of Emergency Dispatch & Response (2020).", "value": 42.8, "unit": "% of Falls Protocol calls that were lift assists", "display_value": "42.8%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States (three agencies)", "period": "1 January 2017 - 31 July 2018", "population": "911 calls handled under the Falls Protocol", "sample_n": 15666, "publisher": "Annals of Emergency Dispatch & Response (derived by CareTrigger research)", "source_title": "Falls Protocol Lift Assist Calls: Predictors of Repeat 911 Calls", "source_url": "https://www.aedrjournal.org/falls-protocol-lift-assist-calls-predictors-of-repeat-911-calls", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-01-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Total fall calls analyzed: 15,666; Lift assist calls identified: 6,701", "locator": "Abstract / Results", "derived": true, "formula": "6701 / 15666 * 100 = 42.77", "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Dispatch-protocol definition of 'fall' and agency-specific lift-assist coding.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-aedr-2020-lift-assists-42-8pct-derived", "citation_text": "About 42.8% of Falls Protocol 911 calls across three US agencies were lift assists (6,701 of 15,666), derived from the Annals of Emergency Dispatch & Response (2020). Source: Annals of Emergency Dispatch & Response (derived by CareTrigger research), \"Falls Protocol Lift Assist Calls: Predictors of Repeat 911 Calls\" (https://www.aedrjournal.org/falls-protocol-lift-assist-calls-predictors-of-repeat-911-calls). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-aedr-2020-lift-assists-42-8pct-derived." }, { "id": "us-dorsett-2026-repeat-after-lift-assist-72h", "family": "ems", "statement": "In a suburban US EMS system with about 120,000 dispatches a year, most repeat EMS encounters after a non-transported lift assist in patients aged 60+ occurred within 72 hours, 76% resulted in transport and 61% had a medical cause, per Dorsett et al., Prehospital Emergency Care (2026; 2022 data).", "value": 76, "unit": "% of 7-day repeat encounters after a lift assist that resulted in transport", "display_value": "76%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Suburban EMS system, USA (Monroe County, New York region per author affiliations)", "period": "calendar 2022", "population": "Patients aged 60+ with a repeat EMS encounter within 7 days of a non-transport lift assist", "sample_n": 574, "publisher": "Prehospital Emergency Care", "source_title": "Timeline for Repeat EMS Encounters Resulting in Transport Following 'Lift Assist' in a Suburban EMS System (Dorsett M, Allen H, Garbacz H, et al.)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40340651/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2025-05-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In total, 1,054 EMS encounters were analyzed, accounting for 574 repeat encounters involving 428 unique patients and 480 patient clusters. Most repeat encounters occurred within 72 hours, with 76% resulting in transport. Medical etiology was indicated in 61% of repeat encounters, and 1% involved cardiac arrest.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 40340651; publisher page returned 403)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Print volume 30(4), 2026; online 2025. Geography inferred from author affiliations; journal abstract says only 'a suburban EMS system with approximately 120,000 dispatches annually'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-dorsett-2026-repeat-after-lift-assist-72h", "citation_text": "In a suburban US EMS system with about 120,000 dispatches a year, most repeat EMS encounters after a non-transported lift assist in patients aged 60+ occurred within 72 hours, 76% resulted in transport and 61% had a medical cause, per Dorsett et al., Prehospital Emergency Care (2026; 2022 data). Source: Prehospital Emergency Care, \"Timeline for Repeat EMS Encounters Resulting in Transport Following 'Lift Assist' in a Suburban EMS System (Dorsett M, Allen H, Garbacz H, et al.)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40340651/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-dorsett-2026-repeat-after-lift-assist-72h." }, { "id": "us-moore-2025-fall-refusals-repeat-same-month", "family": "ems", "statement": "In one US urban EMS service (year to October 2024), 433 of 7,329 geriatric calls were refusals of transport after a fall; 32.8% of those patients had a repeat EMS call in the same month, 71.1% of whom were transported and 65.9% of those admitted, per Moore et al., American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025.", "value": 32.8, "unit": "% of geriatric fall transport-refusals with a same-month repeat EMS call", "display_value": "32.8%", "display_label": "Fall transport-refusers with a repeat EMS call within the month (US urban system, 2024)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Single urban EMS service, USA (unnamed)", "period": "12 months ending October 2024", "population": "Patients aged over 64 who refused transport after a fall", "sample_n": 433, "publisher": "The American Journal of Emergency Medicine (Elsevier)", "source_title": "Geriatric 'lift-assist' EMS calls with transport refusal: Characteristics of short-term repeat calls and hospitalizations (Moore EA, Schoenfeld DW, Fritz CL, Bivens MJ, Liu SW, Thomas SH)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40435545/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2025-05-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of these 931 geriatric refusals, 433 were refusals after a fall. 142 (32.8 %, 95 % CI 28.4-37.4 %) had at least one same-month repeat EMS call and 101 of those (71.1 %, 95 % CI 62.9-78.4 %) were transported, with 65.9 % of transports resulting in hospitalization.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 40435545)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Total calls 19,694; geriatric 7,329; 'Multivariable analysis identified no patient factors predictive of repeat EMS call.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-moore-2025-fall-refusals-repeat-same-month", "citation_text": "In one US urban EMS service (year to October 2024), 433 of 7,329 geriatric calls were refusals of transport after a fall; 32.8% of those patients had a repeat EMS call in the same month, 71.1% of whom were transported and 65.9% of those admitted, per Moore et al., American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025. Source: The American Journal of Emergency Medicine (Elsevier), \"Geriatric 'lift-assist' EMS calls with transport refusal: Characteristics of short-term repeat calls and hospitalizations (Moore EA, Schoenfeld DW, Fritz CL, Bivens MJ, Liu SW, Thomas SH)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40435545/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-moore-2025-fall-refusals-repeat-same-month." }, { "id": "us-barr-2025-fall-refusal-repeat-callers", "family": "ems", "statement": "Among patients who refused EMS transport after a fall in Camden County, New Jersey (July 2021-July 2022), 37.9% were repeat callers and 21.8% 'super-users', with repeat callers having 17-fold higher odds of a 30-day ED visit, per Barr et al., Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025.", "value": 37.9, "unit": "% of fall transport-refusers who were repeat callers", "display_value": "37.9%", "display_label": "Fall transport-refusers who were repeat callers (Camden County NJ, 2021-22)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Camden County, New Jersey, USA (Cooper University Health Care EMS)", "period": "1 July 2021 - 1 July 2022", "population": "Patients refusing transport after a fall (116 of 203 analyzed)", "sample_n": 116, "publisher": "Western Journal of Emergency Medicine", "source_title": "Refusal of Emergency Medical Transport After a Fall: Patient Characteristics and Outcomes of Repeat Callers (Barr J, Selman K, Hunter K, Kuc A)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12591631/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Forty-seven (37.9%) patients were repeat callers, and 27 (21.8%) were super-users.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (full text via Europe PMC)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Mean age 66.3, so not an exclusively older-adult cohort. Small sample. 30-day ED visit OR 17.2 (95% CI 6.4-47.6) for repeat callers.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-barr-2025-fall-refusal-repeat-callers", "citation_text": "Among patients who refused EMS transport after a fall in Camden County, New Jersey (July 2021-July 2022), 37.9% were repeat callers and 21.8% 'super-users', with repeat callers having 17-fold higher odds of a 30-day ED visit, per Barr et al., Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2025. Source: Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, \"Refusal of Emergency Medical Transport After a Fall: Patient Characteristics and Outcomes of Repeat Callers (Barr J, Selman K, Hunter K, Kuc A)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12591631/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-barr-2025-fall-refusal-repeat-callers." }, { "id": "us-ems-timing-falls-5-4pct-lift-assist-transport-7pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "In a suburban Midwest fire-based EMS agency (2008-2017), 1,169 of 21,760 calls (5.4%) were older-adult falls, and lift assists were transported only 7% of the time versus 78% for falls, per Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus (2024).", "value": 7, "unit": "% of lift-assist calls resulting in hospital transport", "display_value": "7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Suburban Midwest city, USA (single fire-based EMS agency)", "period": "1 January 2008 - 1 July 2017", "population": "EMS activations for falls/lift assists in older adults", "sample_n": 1169, "publisher": "Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus (Elsevier)", "source_title": "Timing of emergency medical services activations for falls", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299525/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-03-29", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Falls were more likely to be associated with transport to the hospital than lift assists (78% vs. 7%)", "locator": "Results (PMC full text)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'1169 calls met inclusion criteria' of 21,760 total (5.4%). 61.2% of patients were 85+. Falls peaked in mornings (33%) and afternoons (36%) vs 10% at night; no data on delay from fall to activation.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-ems-timing-falls-5-4pct-lift-assist-transport-7pct", "citation_text": "In a suburban Midwest fire-based EMS agency (2008-2017), 1,169 of 21,760 calls (5.4%) were older-adult falls, and lift assists were transported only 7% of the time versus 78% for falls, per Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus (2024). Source: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics Plus (Elsevier), \"Timing of emergency medical services activations for falls\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11299525/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-ems-timing-falls-5-4pct-lift-assist-transport-7pct." }, { "id": "us-csfd-lift-assists-doubled-2020-2025", "family": "ems", "statement": "Colorado Springs Fire Department lift-assist calls rose from 1,567 in 2020 to 3,051 in 2025, roughly doubling in five years, per CSFD figures reported by KOAA News5.", "value": 3051, "unit": "lift-assist calls per year (2025)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA", "period": "2020 vs 2025", "population": "All CSFD lift-assist dispatches", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "KOAA News5 (reporting Colorado Springs Fire Department data)", "source_title": "CSFD sees increase in 911 lift assist calls, what options are there for seniors?", "source_url": "https://www.koaa.com/seeking-solutions/csfd-sees-increase-in-911-lift-assist-calls-what-options-are-there-for-seniors", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-01-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2020: 1,567 calls; 2025: 3,051 calls", "locator": "Article body (figures as extracted; article date not shown on page)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "csfd-lift-assists", "history": [], "notes": "CONFLICT: The Gazette (9 Aug 2026) reports 2,673 (2022) rising to 3,176 (2025) and 1,752 in Jan-July 2026; its 2025 figure differs from KOAA's 3,051 (possibly different counting or a later revision). Gazette page returned 403 so those numbers are unverified. Quote from Lt. Todd Gripentrog, CSFD: 'A lift assist call is somebody falling and they can't get up'. Publication date approximate (page shows 'posted/last updated' without a date in the extract).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-csfd-lift-assists-doubled-2020-2025", "citation_text": "Colorado Springs Fire Department lift-assist calls rose from 1,567 in 2020 to 3,051 in 2025, roughly doubling in five years, per CSFD figures reported by KOAA News5. Source: KOAA News5 (reporting Colorado Springs Fire Department data), \"CSFD sees increase in 911 lift assist calls, what options are there for seniors?\" (https://www.koaa.com/seeking-solutions/csfd-sees-increase-in-911-lift-assist-calls-what-options-are-there-for-seniors). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-csfd-lift-assists-doubled-2020-2025." }, { "id": "us-decatur-lift-assists-430-to-1000", "family": "ems", "statement": "Decatur (Illinois) Fire Department lift-assist calls grew from 430 in 2014 to more than 1,000 in 2023; after a $500 fee for non-medical lift assists at care facilities, such calls fell about 60% against the prior two-year average, per EMS1 (April 2025).", "value": 60, "unit": "% drop in facility lift-assist calls after fee introduction", "display_value": "60%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Decatur, Illinois, USA", "period": "2014-2023 (growth); February 2024-February 2025 (fee trial)", "population": "Lift-assist calls at skilled nursing / nursing facilities where no medical care was given", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "EMS1 (Lexipol), reporting Decatur Fire Department data", "source_title": "How a fire department's lift assist fee dropped call volume by 60%", "source_url": "https://www.ems1.com/ems-management/a-500-fee-and-a-60-drop-how-one-department-tackled-its-lift-assist-crisis", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2014 lift assist calls: 430; 2023 lift assist calls: 1,000+; Fee amount: $500; Call volume reduction: 60% drop compared to previous two-year average at commercial facilities", "locator": "Article body (figures as extracted)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Fee revenue in year one: $13,500. Exempts residential calls and any call with medical attention. Quote: Fire Chief Neil Elder: 'We had facilities that were...utilizing our resources rather than the people that are paid to do that'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-decatur-lift-assists-430-to-1000", "citation_text": "Decatur (Illinois) Fire Department lift-assist calls grew from 430 in 2014 to more than 1,000 in 2023; after a $500 fee for non-medical lift assists at care facilities, such calls fell about 60% against the prior two-year average, per EMS1 (April 2025). Source: EMS1 (Lexipol), reporting Decatur Fire Department data, \"How a fire department's lift assist fee dropped call volume by 60%\" (https://www.ems1.com/ems-management/a-500-fee-and-a-60-drop-how-one-department-tackled-its-lift-assist-crisis). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-decatur-lift-assists-430-to-1000." }, { "id": "us-chattanooga-citizen-assists-300pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "Chattanooga Fire Department non-emergency 'citizen assist' calls (including lift assists) rose from 435 in 2013 to 1,320 in 2018, a more than 300% increase, per the Chattanooga Times Free Press via FireRescue1 (May 2019).", "value": 1320, "unit": "citizen-assist calls per year (2018)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA", "period": "2013 vs 2018", "population": "Non-emergency citizen-assist dispatches", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "FireRescue1 (syndicating Chattanooga Times Free Press)", "source_title": "Increase in non-emergency calls push Tenn. fire departments to seek solutions", "source_url": "https://www.firerescue1.com/911/articles/increase-in-non-emergency-calls-push-tenn-fire-departments-to-seek-solutions-qBhmZNGDWdjfCpr6/", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2019-05-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2013: 435 calls; Last year (2018): 1,320 calls; Increase: 'more than 300% increase'", "locator": "Article body, Capt. Skyler Phillips (EMS Coordinator) figures", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'Citizen assist' is broader than lift assist. Nearby Signal Mountain FD: 200 of 942 calls were lift assists in 2018, 130 at one senior facility.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-chattanooga-citizen-assists-300pct", "citation_text": "Chattanooga Fire Department non-emergency 'citizen assist' calls (including lift assists) rose from 435 in 2013 to 1,320 in 2018, a more than 300% increase, per the Chattanooga Times Free Press via FireRescue1 (May 2019). Source: FireRescue1 (syndicating Chattanooga Times Free Press), \"Increase in non-emergency calls push Tenn. fire departments to seek solutions\" (https://www.firerescue1.com/911/articles/increase-in-non-emergency-calls-push-tenn-fire-departments-to-seek-solutions-qBhmZNGDWdjfCpr6/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-chattanooga-citizen-assists-300pct." }, { "id": "us-wapo-2024-senior-living-lift-assists-up-30pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "Lift-assist 911 responses to assisted living and other senior-care settings in the US rose 30% between 2019 and 2022, three times the growth in overall 911 volume, and in Illinois lift assists were 1 in 20 of all fire-department 911 calls, per a Washington Post analysis reported by Senior Housing News (May 2024).", "value": 30, "unit": "% increase in lift-assist responses at senior-care settings, 2019-2022", "display_value": "30%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2019-2022", "population": "911 lift-assist responses to assisted living, nursing homes and independent living", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Senior Housing News (reporting The Washington Post analysis of 911 data)", "source_title": "Washington Post Analysis Shows 30% Spike in Lift-Assist Calls from Senior Living", "source_url": "https://seniorhousingnews.com/2024/05/03/washington-post-analysis-shows-30-spike-in-lift-assist-calls-from-senior-living/", "source_type": "aggregator-traced", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-05-03", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "'30%' spike ... 2019 through 2022 ... 'three times faster than the increase in overall 911 call volume seen nationwide' ... In Illinois, lift assists represented '1 in 20 of all 911 calls'", "locator": "Article body (figures as extracted)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Originating analysis: The Washington Post, 'Senior living homes won't pick up fallen residents, call 911 instead' (3 May 2024, washingtonpost.com/business/2024/05/03/assisted-living-homes-senior-falls-911/) - returned 403. Search snippets add 'almost 42,000 calls annually, making it the seventh most common type of 911 call' - NOT verified on a fetched page.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-wapo-2024-senior-living-lift-assists-up-30pct", "citation_text": "Lift-assist 911 responses to assisted living and other senior-care settings in the US rose 30% between 2019 and 2022, three times the growth in overall 911 volume, and in Illinois lift assists were 1 in 20 of all fire-department 911 calls, per a Washington Post analysis reported by Senior Housing News (May 2024). Source: Senior Housing News (reporting The Washington Post analysis of 911 data), \"Washington Post Analysis Shows 30% Spike in Lift-Assist Calls from Senior Living\" (https://seniorhousingnews.com/2024/05/03/washington-post-analysis-shows-30-spike-in-lift-assist-calls-from-senior-living/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-wapo-2024-senior-living-lift-assists-up-30pct." }, { "id": "us-ordoobadi-2025-community-ems-fall-prevention-savings", "family": "ems", "statement": "A multifactorial fall-prevention intervention delivered by community EMS clinicians would save US$964 per patient over one year versus no intervention and remain cost-saving up to a programme cost of $1,634 per patient, per a decision-tree model in Injury Prevention (Ordoobadi et al., 2025).", "value": 964, "unit": "USD net healthcare savings per patient (1-year horizon)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States (model)", "period": "2025 model", "population": "Simulated community-dwelling adults aged 65+ after an index fall", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Injury Prevention (BMJ)", "source_title": "Economic modelling of fall prevention interventions delivered by community emergency medical services: a decision-tree analysis (Ordoobadi AJ, Friend TH, Berry SD, Welch HG, Cooper Z, Jarman MP)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12353435/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-05-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The intervention would result in a net cost savings of $964 per patient compared with no intervention, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of -$22 174 per fall prevented", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 40350246)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Model inputs from literature review; the $670 per-patient programme cost cited in search snippets was not verified in the abstract.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-ordoobadi-2025-community-ems-fall-prevention-savings", "citation_text": "A multifactorial fall-prevention intervention delivered by community EMS clinicians would save US$964 per patient over one year versus no intervention and remain cost-saving up to a programme cost of $1,634 per patient, per a decision-tree model in Injury Prevention (Ordoobadi et al., 2025). Source: Injury Prevention (BMJ), \"Economic modelling of fall prevention interventions delivered by community emergency medical services: a decision-tree analysis (Ordoobadi AJ, Friend TH, Berry SD, Welch HG, Cooper Z, Jarman MP)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12353435/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-ordoobadi-2025-community-ems-fall-prevention-savings." }, { "id": "ca-leggatt-2017-lift-assists-1-9pct-14-day-outcomes", "family": "ems", "statement": "In London, Ontario in 2013, 804 of 42,055 EMS calls (1.9%) were lift assists for 414 people; within 14 days 21% had an emergency department visit, 11.6% a hospital admission and 1.1% died, per Leggatt et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2017.", "value": 1.9, "unit": "% of EMS calls that were lift assists", "display_value": "21%", "display_label": "Lift-assist patients with an ED visit within 14 days (London, Ontario, 2013)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "London / Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada (single EMS agency)", "period": "January-December 2013", "population": "All EMS calls; lift-assist patients (n=414) followed for 14 days", "sample_n": 42055, "publisher": "Prehospital Emergency Care", "source_title": "Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Prehospital 'Lift-assist' Calls (Leggatt L, Van Aarsen K, Columbus M, Dukelow A, Lewell M, Davis M, McLeod S)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28422537/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2017-09-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of 42,055 EMS calls, 804 (1.9%) were LAs. These calls were for 414 individuals; 298 (72%) patients had 1 LA, and 116 (28%) patients had >1 LA call. There were 169 (21%) ED visits, 93 (11.6%) hospital admissions and 9 (1.1%) deaths within 14 days of a LA call.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 28422537; publisher page returned 403)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Lift assist defined as no treatment on scene and no transport. Patient age predicted ED visit and admission.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-leggatt-2017-lift-assists-1-9pct-14-day-outcomes", "citation_text": "In London, Ontario in 2013, 804 of 42,055 EMS calls (1.9%) were lift assists for 414 people; within 14 days 21% had an emergency department visit, 11.6% a hospital admission and 1.1% died, per Leggatt et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2017. Source: Prehospital Emergency Care, \"Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Prehospital 'Lift-assist' Calls (Leggatt L, Van Aarsen K, Columbus M, Dukelow A, Lewell M, Davis M, McLeod S)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28422537/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-leggatt-2017-lift-assists-1-9pct-14-day-outcomes." }, { "id": "ca-schierholtz-2019-lift-assists-65plus-2015", "family": "ems", "statement": "Middlesex-London EMS handled 1,121 lift-assist calls for 611 people aged 65+ in 2015; 32% called more than once, calls averaged 43 minutes (6 minutes to 2 hours 23 minutes), and paramedics spent 801 hours (33 full days) solely on older-adult lift assists, per Schierholtz et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2019.", "value": 1121, "unit": "lift-assist calls per year, patients aged 65+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Middlesex-London, Ontario, Canada", "period": "calendar 2015", "population": "Lift-assist calls for patients aged 65+ (electronic patient care reports)", "sample_n": 1121, "publisher": "Prehospital Emergency Care", "source_title": "Impact of Lift Assist Calls on Paramedic Services: A Descriptive Study (Schierholtz T, Carter D, Kane A, Kemp O, Gallant C, Sheikh B, Johnston W, Zecevic A)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118639/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2019-03-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The LA calls were generated from 611 individuals: 334 women (54.7%) and 275 men (45%), of which 192 (32%) individuals called more than one time. On average, a LA call lasted 43 minutes and ranged from 6 minutes to 2 hours and 23 minutes. In 2015, paramedics spent 801 hours, or the equivalent of 33 days", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 30118639; PubMed page itself blocked automated fetch)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Locations: bedroom 24.9%, bathroom 17.0%. Mechanisms: collapse/drop 28.7%, slide 25.7%, slip 16.7%, trip 11.7%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-schierholtz-2019-lift-assists-65plus-2015", "citation_text": "Middlesex-London EMS handled 1,121 lift-assist calls for 611 people aged 65+ in 2015; 32% called more than once, calls averaged 43 minutes (6 minutes to 2 hours 23 minutes), and paramedics spent 801 hours (33 full days) solely on older-adult lift assists, per Schierholtz et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2019. Source: Prehospital Emergency Care, \"Impact of Lift Assist Calls on Paramedic Services: A Descriptive Study (Schierholtz T, Carter D, Kane A, Kemp O, Gallant C, Sheikh B, Johnston W, Zecevic A)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118639/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-schierholtz-2019-lift-assists-65plus-2015." }, { "id": "ca-schierholtz-2019-repeat-callers-32pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "32% of older adults who received a Middlesex-London EMS lift assist in 2015 called more than once that year, per Schierholtz et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2019.", "value": 32, "unit": "% of lift-assist patients (65+) with more than one call in the year", "display_value": "32%", "display_label": "Lift-assist patients 65+ who called more than once in the year (Middlesex-London, 2015)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Middlesex-London, Ontario, Canada", "period": "calendar 2015", "population": "611 individuals aged 65+ receiving lift assists", "sample_n": 611, "publisher": "Prehospital Emergency Care", "source_title": "Impact of Lift Assist Calls on Paramedic Services: A Descriptive Study", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118639/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2019-03-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "of which 192 (32%) individuals called more than one time", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-schierholtz-2019-repeat-callers-32pct", "citation_text": "32% of older adults who received a Middlesex-London EMS lift assist in 2015 called more than once that year, per Schierholtz et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2019. Source: Prehospital Emergency Care, \"Impact of Lift Assist Calls on Paramedic Services: A Descriptive Study\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30118639/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-schierholtz-2019-repeat-callers-32pct." }, { "id": "au-victoria-elderly-falls-9-7pct-workload-2010-2017", "family": "ems", "statement": "Ambulance Victoria attended 324,060 falls patients aged 65+ between 2010 and 2017, 9.7% of its attended workload, with 78.8% transported to hospital and only 3.8% receiving a lights-and-sirens transport, per Cox et al., Injury 2018.", "value": 9.7, "unit": "% of EMS attended workload", "display_value": "9.7%", "display_label": "Victoria, Australia, attended workload: falls in people 65+ (2010-2017)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Victoria, Australia", "period": "2010-2017", "population": "Falls patients aged 65+ attended by Ambulance Victoria", "sample_n": 324060, "publisher": "Injury (Elsevier)", "source_title": "The epidemiology of elderly falls attended by emergency medical services in Victoria, Australia (Cox S, Roggenkamp R, Bernard S, Smith K)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30126534/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2018-08-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Between 2010 and 2017 EMS attended 324,060 elderly falls patients, which represents 9.7% of EMS attended workload in Victoria. The median age of patients was 83 years (IQR: 76-88) and 60.2% were female.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 30126534)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'Overall, 78.8% of falls events resulted in transport to hospital by EMS.' 'just 3.8% of elderly falls patients received a lights and sirens emergency transport response'. Repeat falls within 12 months: 13.2% (42,873 of restricted cohort), median 98 days between falls.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-victoria-elderly-falls-9-7pct-workload-2010-2017", "citation_text": "Ambulance Victoria attended 324,060 falls patients aged 65+ between 2010 and 2017, 9.7% of its attended workload, with 78.8% transported to hospital and only 3.8% receiving a lights-and-sirens transport, per Cox et al., Injury 2018. Source: Injury (Elsevier), \"The epidemiology of elderly falls attended by emergency medical services in Victoria, Australia (Cox S, Roggenkamp R, Bernard S, Smith K)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30126534/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-victoria-elderly-falls-9-7pct-workload-2010-2017." }, { "id": "au-victoria-repeat-falls-13-2pct-12-months", "family": "ems", "statement": "Among older fallers attended by Ambulance Victoria, 13.2% had a repeat fall attendance within 12 months, with a median of 98 days between the first and second fall, per Cox et al., Injury 2018.", "value": 13.2, "unit": "% repeat fall incidents within 12 months", "display_value": "13.2%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Victoria, Australia", "period": "2010-2017 (12-month follow-up cohort)", "population": "30,997 patients aged 65+ in the repeat-falls follow-up cohort", "sample_n": 30997, "publisher": "Injury (Elsevier)", "source_title": "The epidemiology of elderly falls attended by emergency medical services in Victoria, Australia", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30126534/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2018-08-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "the follow-up period was restricted to 12-months post initial fall, which resulted in 30,997 patients and 42,873 (13.2%) repeat fall incidents. The median number of days between the initial fall and a second fall was 98 (IQR: 27-206).", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-victoria-repeat-falls-13-2pct-12-months", "citation_text": "Among older fallers attended by Ambulance Victoria, 13.2% had a repeat fall attendance within 12 months, with a median of 98 days between the first and second fall, per Cox et al., Injury 2018. Source: Injury (Elsevier), \"The epidemiology of elderly falls attended by emergency medical services in Victoria, Australia\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30126534/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-victoria-repeat-falls-13-2pct-12-months." }, { "id": "au-nsw-older-falls-5-1pct-emergency-workload-2008-09", "family": "ems", "statement": "The Ambulance Service of New South Wales responded 42,331 times to people aged 65+ who had fallen in 2008/09, 5.1% of total emergency workload, with 76% transported (median age 83), per Simpson et al., Australasian Journal on Ageing 2013.", "value": 5.1, "unit": "% of total emergency ambulance workload", "display_value": "5.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New South Wales, Australia", "period": "1 July 2008 - 30 June 2009", "population": "Emergency ambulance responses classified as falls, patients aged 65+", "sample_n": 42331, "publisher": "Australasian Journal on Ageing (Wiley)", "source_title": "Epidemiology of ambulance responses to older people who have fallen in New South Wales, Australia (Simpson PM, Bendall JC, Patterson J, Tiedemann A, Middleton PM, Close JC)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24028457/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2013-09-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "There were 42 331 responses to people aged 65 years or older, constituting 5.1% of total emergency workload. The median age of patients was 83 (interquartile range 76-87) and 62% were women. The transport rate was 76%.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 24028457)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Lower share than Victoria (9.7%) partly because the denominator here is emergency workload and the numerator is dispatch-coded falls.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-nsw-older-falls-5-1pct-emergency-workload-2008-09", "citation_text": "The Ambulance Service of New South Wales responded 42,331 times to people aged 65+ who had fallen in 2008/09, 5.1% of total emergency workload, with 76% transported (median age 83), per Simpson et al., Australasian Journal on Ageing 2013. Source: Australasian Journal on Ageing (Wiley), \"Epidemiology of ambulance responses to older people who have fallen in New South Wales, Australia (Simpson PM, Bendall JC, Patterson J, Tiedemann A, Middleton PM, Close JC)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24028457/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-nsw-older-falls-5-1pct-emergency-workload-2008-09." }, { "id": "au-nsw-long-lies-13pct-median-response-15-min", "family": "ems", "statement": "In a prospective NSW cohort of 1,610 ambulance responses to fallers aged 65+ (2010-11), the median response time was 15 minutes and 13% of patients had a long lie of more than 60 minutes on the ground; 28% were not transported, per Simpson et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2014.", "value": 13, "unit": "% of attended older fallers with a long lie (>60 minutes on the ground)", "display_value": "13%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New South Wales, Australia", "period": "1 October 2010 - 30 June 2011", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell and called an ambulance", "sample_n": 1610, "publisher": "Prehospital Emergency Care", "source_title": "Epidemiology of emergency medical service responses to older people who have fallen: a prospective cohort study (Simpson PM, Bendall JC, Tiedemann A, Lord SR, Close JC)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24401155/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2014-04-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The median response time was 15 minutes (IQR 10-24) and \"long-lies\" (>60 minutes on the ground) occurred in 13% of cases.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 24401155)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Also: 'Forty-four percent had never previously called an ambulance for a fall, whereas 248 (15%) had called within the past month.' 'The nontransport rate was 28%.' Authors note long lies were 'relatively uncommon' with a 15-minute median response - a useful contrast with England's multi-hour Category 3 means.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-nsw-long-lies-13pct-median-response-15-min", "citation_text": "In a prospective NSW cohort of 1,610 ambulance responses to fallers aged 65+ (2010-11), the median response time was 15 minutes and 13% of patients had a long lie of more than 60 minutes on the ground; 28% were not transported, per Simpson et al., Prehospital Emergency Care 2014. Source: Prehospital Emergency Care, \"Epidemiology of emergency medical service responses to older people who have fallen: a prospective cohort study (Simpson PM, Bendall JC, Tiedemann A, Lord SR, Close JC)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24401155/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-nsw-long-lies-13pct-median-response-15-min." }, { "id": "au-nsw-fall-ambulance-use-314041-2006-2013", "family": "ems", "statement": "There were 314,041 occasions of fall-related ambulance use by NSW residents aged 65+ between 2006 and 2013, with rates continuing to increase over time, per Paul et al., Public Health Research & Practice 2017.", "value": 314041, "unit": "occasions of fall-related ambulance use (65+), 2006-2013", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New South Wales, Australia", "period": "2006-2013", "population": "NSW residents aged 65+", "sample_n": 314041, "publisher": "Public Health Research & Practice (Sax Institute)", "source_title": "Trends in fall-related ambulance use and hospitalisation among older adults in NSW, 2006-2013: a retrospective, population-based study (Paul SS, Harvey L, Carroll T, et al.)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29114716/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2017-10-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "There were 314 041 occasions of fall-related ambulance use by older adults and 331 311 fall-related hospitalisations, of which 69% (n = 227 753) were for injurious falls.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 29114716)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'Rates of fall-related ambulance use and hospitalisation were similar and continued to increase over time.' Annual percentage changes are in the full text, not the abstract.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-nsw-fall-ambulance-use-314041-2006-2013", "citation_text": "There were 314,041 occasions of fall-related ambulance use by NSW residents aged 65+ between 2006 and 2013, with rates continuing to increase over time, per Paul et al., Public Health Research & Practice 2017. Source: Public Health Research & Practice (Sax Institute), \"Trends in fall-related ambulance use and hospitalisation among older adults in NSW, 2006-2013: a retrospective, population-based study (Paul SS, Harvey L, Carroll T, et al.)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29114716/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-nsw-fall-ambulance-use-314041-2006-2013." }, { "id": "au-mikolaizak-2013-non-transport-11-56pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "Across 12 studies, non-transport rates for older people attended by ambulance after a fall ranged from 11% to 56%, and up to 49% of non-transported fallers had unplanned health-care contact within 28 days, per a systematic review by Mikolaizak et al., Australasian Journal on Ageing 2013.", "value": 56, "unit": "% non-transport rate (upper bound of range 11-56%)", "display_value": "56%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (12 studies to December 2011)", "period": "studies up to December 2011", "population": "Older people attended by ambulance after a fall", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Australasian Journal on Ageing (Wiley)", "source_title": "Systematic review of non-transportation rates and outcomes for older people who have fallen after ambulance service call-out (Mikolaizak AS, Simpson PM, Tiedemann A, Lord SR, Close JC)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24028454/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2013-09-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Twelve studies were included. Non-transportation rates following a fall ranged from 11% to 56%. Up to 49% of non-transported people who have fallen had unplanned health-care contact within 28 days of the initial incident.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 24028454)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-mikolaizak-2013-non-transport-11-56pct", "citation_text": "Across 12 studies, non-transport rates for older people attended by ambulance after a fall ranged from 11% to 56%, and up to 49% of non-transported fallers had unplanned health-care contact within 28 days, per a systematic review by Mikolaizak et al., Australasian Journal on Ageing 2013. Source: Australasian Journal on Ageing (Wiley), \"Systematic review of non-transportation rates and outcomes for older people who have fallen after ambulance service call-out (Mikolaizak AS, Simpson PM, Tiedemann A, Lord SR, Close JC)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24028454/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-mikolaizak-2013-non-transport-11-56pct." }, { "id": "au-qas-racf-falls-attendances-2021-2023", "family": "ems", "statement": "Queensland Ambulance Service falls attendances at 54 regional residential aged-care facilities rose from 1,916 in 2021 to 2,528 in 2023 (6,663 attendances for 3,545 residents; 88% transported), per Hughes et al., Australasian Journal on Ageing 2026.", "value": 2528, "unit": "falls-related QAS attendances at study RACFs (2023)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Regional Queensland, Australia (54 residential aged care facilities)", "period": "January 2021 - December 2023", "population": "Residents aged 65+ of 54 RACFs attended by QAS for falls", "sample_n": 6663, "publisher": "Australasian Journal on Ageing (Wiley)", "source_title": "Ambulance Responses to Falls Incidents in Queensland Residential Aged Care Facilities: Implications for Policy and Practice (Hughes et al.)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13392976/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-07-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "There were 6663 QAS falls-related attendances during the study period for 3545 unique patients. ... 2021: 1,916 ... 2022: 2,219 ... 2023: 2,528 ... 88% of attendances resulted in transport to hospital", "locator": "Abstract and Results (PMC full text)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "qas-racf-falls-attendances", "history": [], "notes": "'43% of residents experienced two or more fall-related events'. Care-home setting only; the 88% transport rate is far above community rates because facilities often have 'no lift' policies.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-qas-racf-falls-attendances-2021-2023", "citation_text": "Queensland Ambulance Service falls attendances at 54 regional residential aged-care facilities rose from 1,916 in 2021 to 2,528 in 2023 (6,663 attendances for 3,545 residents; 88% transported), per Hughes et al., Australasian Journal on Ageing 2026. Source: Australasian Journal on Ageing (Wiley), \"Ambulance Responses to Falls Incidents in Queensland Residential Aged Care Facilities: Implications for Policy and Practice (Hughes et al.)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13392976/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-qas-racf-falls-attendances-2021-2023." }, { "id": "nz-stjohn-falls-53700-callouts-12pct", "family": "ems", "statement": "Falls caused more than 53,700 Hato Hone St John ambulance callouts in New Zealand in the latest year, about 12% of total workload, with a median patient age of 81 and over two-thirds aged 75+, per the Hato Hone St John falls-prevention release (April 2026).", "value": 53700, "unit": "ambulance callouts for falls per year (more than)", "display_value": "12%", "display_label": "New Zealand, St John ambulance workload (2025/26)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Zealand", "period": "'last year' relative to 1 April 2026 (i.e., 2025 or 2024/25)", "population": "All Hato Hone St John ambulance callouts", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Hato Hone St John (via Scoop press-release wire)", "source_title": "Hato Hone St John Launches Falls Prevention Drive", "source_url": "https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/GE2604/S00005/hato-hone-st-john-launches-falls-prevention-drive.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-04-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Falls are a leading cause of injury and loss of independence, resulting in more than 53,700 ambulance callouts last year, around 12 percent of total workload.", "locator": "Press release body", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "CONFLICT: Reid, Williams & Leonard, NZ Medical Journal (2026) state St John attends 'approximately 34,000 fall-related incidents nationwide each year' citing Safety Collective Tamaki Makaurau Auckland (2024) - likely an older year and/or narrower definition. Quotes: Jon Moores, Deputy Chief Executive Clinical Services: 'Falls are more common than people realise, and the risk increases over the age of 65. But this is not an inevitable part of ageing.' ACC accepted 196,000+ fall claims for 65+ in 2025.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nz-stjohn-falls-53700-callouts-12pct", "citation_text": "Falls caused more than 53,700 Hato Hone St John ambulance callouts in New Zealand in the latest year, about 12% of total workload, with a median patient age of 81 and over two-thirds aged 75+, per the Hato Hone St John falls-prevention release (April 2026). Source: Hato Hone St John (via Scoop press-release wire), \"Hato Hone St John Launches Falls Prevention Drive\" (https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/GE2604/S00005/hato-hone-st-john-launches-falls-prevention-drive.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nz-stjohn-falls-53700-callouts-12pct." }, { "id": "nz-nzmj-stjohn-34000-fall-incidents", "family": "ems", "statement": "Hato Hone St John attends approximately 34,000 fall-related incidents nationwide each year and processed 3,970 fall-prevention referrals in 2021, per Reid, Williams & Leonard, New Zealand Medical Journal 2026 (citing Safety Collective Tamaki Makaurau Auckland 2024).", "value": 34000, "unit": "fall-related incidents attended per year (approximate)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Zealand", "period": "circa 2021-2024 (as cited)", "population": "Hato Hone St John ambulance attendances", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "New Zealand Medical Journal", "source_title": "Towards an integrated falls response service for Aotearoa New Zealand: occupational therapy and paramedicine in community care", "source_url": "https://nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1635/towards-an-integrated-falls-response-service-for-aotearoa-new-zealand-occupational-therapy-and-paramedicine-in-community-care", "source_type": "aggregator-traced", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-01-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "approximately 34,000 fall-related incidents nationwide each year", "locator": "Introduction (citing Safety Collective Tamaki Makaurau Auckland, 2024)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Conflicts with St John's own 53,700 (2026). Prefer the St John primary figure; cite this only with the discrepancy noted.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nz-nzmj-stjohn-34000-fall-incidents", "citation_text": "Hato Hone St John attends approximately 34,000 fall-related incidents nationwide each year and processed 3,970 fall-prevention referrals in 2021, per Reid, Williams & Leonard, New Zealand Medical Journal 2026 (citing Safety Collective Tamaki Makaurau Auckland 2024). Source: New Zealand Medical Journal, \"Towards an integrated falls response service for Aotearoa New Zealand: occupational therapy and paramedicine in community care\" (https://nzmj.org.nz/journal/vol-139-no-1635/towards-an-integrated-falls-response-service-for-aotearoa-new-zealand-occupational-therapy-and-paramedicine-in-community-care). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nz-nzmj-stjohn-34000-fall-incidents." }, { "id": "jp-sapporo-fall-calls-70262-projection", "family": "ems", "statement": "Sapporo, Japan logged 70,262 fall-related EMS calls for people aged 65+ in 2013-2022, and modelling projects falls to make up about 11% of all EMS calls by 2040 and 13% by 2060, per Uemura et al., International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024.", "value": 70262, "unit": "fall-related EMS calls, patients aged 65+, 2013-2022", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Sapporo City, Japan", "period": "2013-2022 (projections to 2060)", "population": "EMS calls for people aged 65+", "sample_n": 70262, "publisher": "International Journal of Emergency Medicine (Springer)", "source_title": "Prediction of the future number of fall-related emergency medical services calls in older individuals (Uemura S, Nakayama R, Koyama M, et al.)", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38862902/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-06-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "During 2013-2022, 70,262 fall-related calls were made for those aged ≥ 65 years. ... Future estimates of the number of fall calls are approximately double the number in 2022 in 2040 and three times in 2060, with falls accounting for approximately 11% and 13% of all EMS calls in 2040 and 2060", "locator": "Abstract, Results (Europe PMC REST record, PMID 38862902; Springer page redirected to a cookie gate)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Useful international projection; single city.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-sapporo-fall-calls-70262-projection", "citation_text": "Sapporo, Japan logged 70,262 fall-related EMS calls for people aged 65+ in 2013-2022, and modelling projects falls to make up about 11% of all EMS calls by 2040 and 13% by 2060, per Uemura et al., International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024. Source: International Journal of Emergency Medicine (Springer), \"Prediction of the future number of fall-related emergency medical services calls in older individuals (Uemura S, Nakayama R, Koyama M, et al.)\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38862902/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-sapporo-fall-calls-70262-projection." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-mortality-helpless-over-72h", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among people living alone who were found helpless or dead at home in San Francisco in 1993, total mortality was 67% for those estimated to have been helpless for more than 72 hours, versus 12% for those helpless for less than 1 hour (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 67, "unit": "% total mortality (found dead + died in hospital)", "display_value": "67%", "display_label": "for those found helpless at home after 72+ hours, compared to just 12% when found within an hour (NEJM, 1996)", "display_hook": "death rate", "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found helpless or dead in their homes by city paramedics; all causes of helplessness (falls, weakness, stroke, etc.), median age 73", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine (Massachusetts Medical Society)", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The total mortality was 67 percent for patients who were estimated to have been helpless for more than 72 hours, as compared with 12 percent for those who had been helpless for less than 1 hour.", "locator": "Abstract (Results); also Results, 'Estimated Time Spent Incapacitated in Relation to Outcome', p.1714", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified against the full-text PDF (mirror copy at ta-images.s3.amazonaws.com/images/pdfs/nejm-199606273342606.pdf; nejm.org returned HTTP 403) and the PubMed abstract via NCBI E-utilities (PMID 8637517). Time helpless was estimated by paramedics in categories. Includes all causes of incapacitation, not only falls. Of the >72 h group, 62% were found dead and 5% died in hospital.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-mortality-helpless-over-72h", "citation_text": "Among people living alone who were found helpless or dead at home in San Francisco in 1993, total mortality was 67% for those estimated to have been helpless for more than 72 hours, versus 12% for those helpless for less than 1 hour (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine (Massachusetts Medical Society), \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-mortality-helpless-over-72h." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-mortality-helpless-under-1h", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "When the time spent helpless at home was estimated at under 1 hour, total mortality was 12% (10% found dead, 2% died in hospital) among people living alone found helpless or dead in San Francisco, 1993 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 12, "unit": "% total mortality", "display_value": "12%", "display_label": "Total mortality, helpless under 1 hour", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found helpless or dead at home, estimated time incapacitated <1 h", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of the people for whom this time was estimated to be less than one hour, 10 percent were found dead and 2 percent died in the hospital, for a total mortality rate of 12 percent.", "locator": "Results, 'Estimated Time Spent Incapacitated in Relation to Outcome', p.1714", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Pairs with the >72 h figure (67%) for a time-vs-mortality chart. Median age of this subgroup 75; 58% women.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-mortality-helpless-under-1h", "citation_text": "When the time spent helpless at home was estimated at under 1 hour, total mortality was 12% (10% found dead, 2% died in hospital) among people living alone found helpless or dead in San Francisco, 1993 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-mortality-helpless-under-1h." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-total-mortality-28pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Of 387 episodes of people living alone being found helpless or dead at home in San Francisco in 1993, 23% were found dead and a further 5% died in hospital, a total mortality of 28% (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 28, "unit": "% total mortality", "display_value": "28%", "display_label": "Total mortality, all events (23% found dead + 5% died in hospital)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found helpless or dead at home by paramedics", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 23 percent of the cases, the person was found dead; an additional 5 percent died in the hospital. Thus, total mortality was 28 percent.", "locator": "Abstract (Results); Results 'Characteristics of the Patients' (90 of 387 found dead)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "90 persons found dead (23%). Those found dead were more often male (68% vs 43%) and younger (median 65 vs 75).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-total-mortality-28pct", "citation_text": "Of 387 episodes of people living alone being found helpless or dead at home in San Francisco in 1993, 23% were found dead and a further 5% died in hospital, a total mortality of 28% (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-total-mortality-28pct." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-admitted-62pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Of people found alive but helpless at home, 62% were admitted to hospital, with an average stay of eight days (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993).", "value": 62, "unit": "% of those found alive admitted to hospital", "display_value": "62%", "display_label": "Found alive and admitted to hospital", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found alive but helpless at home (n=297 episodes)", "sample_n": 297, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of the patients found alive, 62 percent were admitted to the hospital. The average hospital stay was eight days, and 52 percent of those admitted required intensive care.", "locator": "Abstract (Results); Results 'Outcomes' p.1713 (74% of 261 transported were admitted)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "88% (261/297) of those found alive were transported; 74% of those transported (n=193) were admitted. Records for 10 transported patients could not be found.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-admitted-62pct", "citation_text": "Of people found alive but helpless at home, 62% were admitted to hospital, with an average stay of eight days (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-admitted-62pct." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-icu-52pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "52% of hospital-admitted people who had been found helpless at home required intensive care, with an average ICU stay of seven days (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993).", "value": 52, "unit": "% of admitted patients requiring intensive care", "display_value": "52%", "display_label": "Admitted patients needing intensive care", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Hospital-admitted persons living alone found helpless at home", "sample_n": 193, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Intensive care was required for 52 percent (n=100), with an average stay in the intensive care unit of seven days. In-hospital mortality was 10 percent overall and 16 percent among those requiring intensive care.", "locator": "Results, 'Duration of Hospital Stay, Survival, and Return to Independent Living', p.1713", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "In-hospital mortality 10% overall; 16% among ICU patients.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-icu-52pct", "citation_text": "52% of hospital-admitted people who had been found helpless at home required intensive care, with an average ICU stay of seven days (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-icu-52pct." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-not-independent-62pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "62% of survivors of being found helpless at home were unable to return to independent living (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993).", "value": 62, "unit": "% of survivors (hospital discharges) not returning to independent living", "display_value": "62%", "display_label": "Survivors unable to return to independent living", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found helpless at home who survived to hospital discharge", "sample_n": 173, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Among those who survived until discharge, 62 percent did not return to independent living.", "locator": "Results p.1713-1714; Figure 2 (108 discharged to other care vs 65 home living alone); Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Patients not transported or discharged from ED were assumed to have continued living independently, so the figure applies to hospitalised survivors. Figure 2: 108/173 = 62.4%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-not-independent-62pct", "citation_text": "62% of survivors of being found helpless at home were unable to return to independent living (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-not-independent-62pct." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-two-thirds-hospitalized-died-or-dependent", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Of people hospitalised after being found helpless at home, two thirds either died or did not return to independent living (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993).", "value": 66.7, "unit": "% of hospitalised patients who died or did not return to independent living", "display_value": "66.7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Hospitalised persons living alone found helpless at home", "sample_n": 193, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of those who were hospitalized, two thirds either died or did not return to independent living.", "locator": "Results p.1714", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Stated as 'two thirds' in text; value given as 66.7 for convenience. Figure 2: 20 died in hospital + 108 to other care = 128 of 193 admitted (66.3%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-two-thirds-hospitalized-died-or-dependent", "citation_text": "Of people hospitalised after being found helpless at home, two thirds either died or did not return to independent living (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-two-thirds-hospitalized-died-or-dependent." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-discharged-to-institutions-77pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Of survivors discharged to supportive care after being found helpless at home, 77% went to nursing homes, skilled-nursing or rehabilitation facilities and only 4% to live with family or friends (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 77, "unit": "% of those discharged to supportive care who went to institutions", "display_value": "77%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Hospitalised survivors discharged to 'other care' (n=108)", "sample_n": 108, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "were commonly discharged to institutions (77 percent to nursing homes or skilled-nursing or rehabilitation facilities, with only 4 percent discharged to live with family or friends).", "locator": "Results p.1714", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Patients discharged to supportive care were older (median 79) and more often female (64%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-discharged-to-institutions-77pct", "citation_text": "Of survivors discharged to supportive care after being found helpless at home, 77% went to nursing homes, skilled-nursing or rehabilitation facilities and only 4% to live with family or friends (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-discharged-to-institutions-77pct." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-helpless-over-3-days-10pct-38pct-survived", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "10% of people found helpless or dead at home had been unable to summon help for more than three days, and only 38% of that group survived (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993).", "value": 38, "unit": "% survival among those helpless >3 days", "display_value": "38%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found helpless or dead at home, estimated time incapacitated >72 h (10% of cases)", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Ten percent of the patients were estimated to have been unable to summon help for more than three days; 38 percent of them survived the experience.", "locator": "Discussion p.1714", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Discussion also states: 'Our results indicate that the majority of persons who are not accounted for for more than three days are found dead.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-helpless-over-3-days-10pct-38pct-survived", "citation_text": "10% of people found helpless or dead at home had been unable to summon help for more than three days, and only 38% of that group survived (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-helpless-over-3-days-10pct-38pct-survived." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-in-hospital-mortality-10pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In-hospital mortality was 10% overall and 16% among those requiring intensive care, for people admitted after being found helpless at home (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993).", "value": 10, "unit": "% in-hospital mortality", "display_value": "10%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Hospital-admitted persons living alone found helpless at home", "sample_n": 193, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In-hospital mortality was 10 percent overall and 16 percent among those requiring intensive care.", "locator": "Results p.1713; Figure 2 (n=20 died in hospital, median 9 h incapacitated)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Those who died in hospital had a median estimated time incapacitated of 9 hours (Figure 2).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-in-hospital-mortality-10pct", "citation_text": "In-hospital mortality was 10% overall and 16% among those requiring intensive care, for people admitted after being found helpless at home (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-in-hospital-mortality-10pct." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-dehydration-42-of-261", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Dehydration was diagnosed in 42 of 261 people (16%) transported to hospital after being found helpless at home; decubitus ulcers in 10 and aspiration pneumonia in 10 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 16.1, "unit": "% of transported patients with dehydration diagnosis", "display_value": "16.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found helpless at home and transported to hospital (ICD-9 codes available for 82%)", "sample_n": 261, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Alcohol or drug abuse was diagnosed in 38 patients, sepsis or hypotension in 20, decubitus ulcers in 10, and aspiration pneumonia in 10. Dehydration occurred in 42 patients.", "locator": "Results p.1713; Table 3 (Volume depletion 42; Decubitus ulcers 10; Pneumonia 25; Renal failure 11; Renal dialysis 4)", "derived": true, "formula": "42 / 261 * 100 = 16.1", "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Table 3 counts (per 261 transported): pneumonia 25 (9.6%), decubitus ulcers 10 (3.8%), renal failure 11 (4.2%), renal dialysis 4, fractures 36, acute injury 64 (25%). Diagnoses codes were available for only 82% of transported patients, so these are minimum counts.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-dehydration-42-of-261", "citation_text": "Dehydration was diagnosed in 42 of 261 people (16%) transported to hospital after being found helpless at home; decubitus ulcers in 10 and aspiration pneumonia in 10 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-dehydration-42-of-261." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-incidence-by-age", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "The annual rate of being found helpless or dead at home rose from 3 per 1,000 people aged 60-64 to 27 per 1,000 aged 85 and over, in San Francisco in 1993 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 27, "unit": "incidents per 1,000 persons per year (age 85+)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "1993 (annualised from 12 weeks)", "population": "General population by age (1990 Census denominators); events among persons living alone", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The frequency of such incidents increased sharply with age, from a rate of 3 per 1000 per year among those 60 to 64 years of age to 27 per 1000 per year among those 85 years of age or older.", "locator": "Abstract (Results); Results 'Frequency of Incidents' p.1713; Figure 3", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Incidence of 'being found helpless or dead at home' - all causes. Denominator is total population, not only those living alone.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-incidence-by-age", "citation_text": "The annual rate of being found helpless or dead at home rose from 3 per 1,000 people aged 60-64 to 27 per 1,000 aged 85 and over, in San Francisco in 1993 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-incidence-by-age." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-incidence-men-85-living-alone", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among men aged 85 or older living alone, the rate of being found helpless or dead at home was 123 per 1,000 per year (women 85+ living alone: 59 per 1,000) in San Francisco, 1993 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 123, "unit": "incidents per 1,000 persons living alone per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "1993 (annualised)", "population": "Men aged 85+ living alone", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The peak rate - among persons 85 years of age or older who were living alone - was 123 per 1000 for men and 59 per 1000 for women (P not significant).", "locator": "Results 'Frequency of Incidents' p.1713; Figure 4; Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Equivalent to roughly 1 in 8 men aged 85+ living alone per year (derived: 123/1000).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-incidence-men-85-living-alone", "citation_text": "Among men aged 85 or older living alone, the rate of being found helpless or dead at home was 123 per 1,000 per year (women 85+ living alone: 59 per 1,000) in San Francisco, 1993 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-incidence-men-85-living-alone." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-incidence-65plus-living-alone", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among people aged 65 or older living alone, 31.6 per 1,000 per year were found helpless or dead at home (men 42.2, women 27.6 per 1,000) in San Francisco, 1993 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 31.6, "unit": "incidents per 1,000 persons aged 65+ living alone per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "1993 (annualised)", "population": "Persons aged 65+ living alone", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The annual rates among people 65 or older who lived alone were 31.6 per 1000 overall, 42.2 per 1000 for men, and 27.6 per 1000 for women.", "locator": "Results 'Frequency of Incidents' p.1713", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "All-ages rate per 1,000 persons living alone was 14.0.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-incidence-65plus-living-alone", "citation_text": "Among people aged 65 or older living alone, 31.6 per 1,000 per year were found helpless or dead at home (men 42.2, women 27.6 per 1,000) in San Francisco, 1993 (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-incidence-65plus-living-alone." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-median-time-incapacitated", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "The median estimated time spent incapacitated was 4.5 hours across all events; 2 hours for those found alive and 18 hours for those found dead (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993).", "value": 4.5, "unit": "hours (median estimated time incapacitated, all events)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found helpless or dead at home", "sample_n": 387, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "All events (n=387) 4.5 hours ... Found alive in home (n=297) 2 hours ... Found dead in home (n=90) 18 hours", "locator": "Figure 2 'Outcomes of Persons Found Helpless or Dead in Their Homes' (median time per group), p.1713", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure 2 also gives medians: admitted 4.5 h; discharged to other care 9 h; died in hospital 9 h; discharged home alone 2 h. Calls by friends gave the shortest helpless time (median 4.5 h) versus family 9 h, neighbours 9 h, landlords >72 h.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-median-time-incapacitated", "citation_text": "The median estimated time spent incapacitated was 4.5 hours across all events; 2 hours for those found alive and 18 hours for those found dead (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996; San Francisco, 1993). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-median-time-incapacitated." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-cost-per-patient-9985", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "The estimated average cost of care for each person found helpless at home was $9,985 (70% of 1993 charges for paramedic, hospital and ICU days) in San Francisco (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 9985, "unit": "US dollars (1993) per patient", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "1993", "population": "Persons living alone found alive but helpless at home (found-dead cases excluded from cost analysis)", "sample_n": 297, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The estimated average cost of care for each patient was $9,985.", "locator": "Results 'Costs' p.1714; Methods (costs = 70% of 1993 charges)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Nominal 1993 dollars; not inflation-adjusted.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-cost-per-patient-9985", "citation_text": "The estimated average cost of care for each person found helpless at home was $9,985 (70% of 1993 charges for paramedic, hospital and ICU days) in San Francisco (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-cost-per-patient-9985." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-only-one-had-alarm-device", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Only one of the 367 people found helpless or dead at home in the San Francisco study possessed a commercially available device to summon help (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 1, "unit": "persons (of 367) possessing a help-summoning device", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12 weeks, March-May 1993", "population": "Persons living alone found helpless or dead at home", "sample_n": 367, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "paywalled", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "the use of devices that are commercially available to summon help (only one patient in our study possessed such a device).", "locator": "Discussion p.1716", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Only 11% (n=42) were found by family members; most common contact category was 'other' (visiting nurses, caretakers, housekeepers, home health aides).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-only-one-had-alarm-device", "citation_text": "Only one of the 367 people found helpless or dead at home in the San Francisco study possessed a commercially available device to summon help (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-only-one-had-alarm-device." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-long-lie-serious-injury-or-4-2", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among people aged 90+, lying on the floor for an hour or more after a fall was associated with serious injury (adjusted odds ratio 4.2, 95% CI 1.2-14.8) (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008; Cambridge, UK).", "value": 4.2, "unit": "adjusted odds ratio for serious injury", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, United Kingdom", "period": "One-year intensive follow-up (Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, 2000s)", "population": "Community, sheltered-housing and institutional residents aged 90-105 (median 94)", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2590903/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Lying on the floor for a long time was strongly associated with serious injuries, admission to hospital, and subsequent moves into long term care.", "locator": "Abstract (Results); Table 4 (adjusted OR 4.2, 1.2-14.8) - verified via Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC2590903)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Very old cohort (90+), small numbers, wide confidence intervals. Direct PMC page was blocked by reCAPTCHA; verified through Europe PMC's full-text XML of the same article (DOI 10.1136/bmj.a2227).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-long-lie-serious-injury-or-4-2", "citation_text": "Among people aged 90+, lying on the floor for an hour or more after a fall was associated with serious injury (adjusted odds ratio 4.2, 95% CI 1.2-14.8) (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008; Cambridge, UK). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2590903/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-long-lie-serious-injury-or-4-2." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-long-lie-hospital-admission-60pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "60% (12 of 20) of people aged 90+ who had lain on the floor for an hour or more were admitted to hospital for a fall during the follow-up year (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3-12.3) (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 60, "unit": "% admitted to hospital for a fall within the follow-up year", "display_value": "60%", "display_label": "Over-90s after a long lie: admitted for a fall within the year (Fleming & Brayne 2008, n=20)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, United Kingdom", "period": "One-year follow-up", "population": "People aged 90+ who lay on the floor >=1 h after at least one fall", "sample_n": 20, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2590903/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Fall-related hospital admission: 60% (12/20) admitted during follow-up year; Adjusted OR 4.0 (1.3-12.3)", "locator": "Results / Table 4 (via Europe PMC full-text XML)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Quote is the extracted table content, not prose. Kubitza et al. 2022 (BMC Geriatrics) cites this as '60% of older fallers with at least one hour of a long lie were readmitted as a result of a fall'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-long-lie-hospital-admission-60pct", "citation_text": "60% (12 of 20) of people aged 90+ who had lain on the floor for an hour or more were admitted to hospital for a fall during the follow-up year (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3-12.3) (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2590903/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-long-lie-hospital-admission-60pct." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-long-lie-move-to-long-term-care", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among people aged 90+ who lay on the floor for an hour or more after a fall, 36% (5 of 14) moved into long-term care within one year and 53% (8 of 15) by the end of the study (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 36, "unit": "% moving to long-term care within 1 year", "display_value": "36%", "display_label": "Over-90s after a long lie: moved to long-term care within a year (53% by study end)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, United Kingdom", "period": "One-year follow-up and end of study", "population": "People aged 90+ living outside institutions who lay on the floor >=1 h", "sample_n": 14, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2590903/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Move to long-term care: 36% (5/14) within 1 year; 53% (8/15) by study end", "locator": "Results / Table 4 (via Europe PMC full-text XML)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Tiny denominators. Note Kubitza et al. 2022 cite '29% required transfer to an inpatient long-term care facility' for this study - that figure could not be reconciled with the 36%/53% in Table 4; use the primary.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-long-lie-move-to-long-term-care", "citation_text": "Among people aged 90+ who lay on the floor for an hour or more after a fall, 36% (5 of 14) moved into long-term care within one year and 53% (8 of 15) by the end of the study (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2590903/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-long-lie-move-to-long-term-care." }, { "id": "tinetti-1997-nursing-home-admission-or-10-2", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among community-dwelling people over 71, at least one fall causing serious injury carried an adjusted odds ratio of 10.2 (95% CI 5.8-17.9) for long-term nursing-home admission over three years; one non-injurious fall 3.1; two or more non-injurious falls 5.5 (Tinetti & Williams, NEJM, 1997).", "value": 10.2, "unit": "adjusted odds ratio for long-term nursing-home admission (serious injurious fall)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Three years of follow-up (early-mid 1990s)", "population": "Probability sample of community-dwelling people aged >71", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Falls, injuries due to falls, and the risk of admission to a nursing home", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9345078/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1997-10-30", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "5.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 14.2) for two or more noninjurious falls, and 10.2 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.8 to 17.9) for at least one fall causing serious injury.", "locator": "Abstract (Results) - verified via NCBI E-utilities efetch, PMID 9345078", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Falls in general, not long lies specifically. Population attributable risks 13%, 3% and 10% respectively. 133 participants (12.1%) had long-term nursing-home admissions.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1997-nursing-home-admission-or-10-2", "citation_text": "Among community-dwelling people over 71, at least one fall causing serious injury carried an adjusted odds ratio of 10.2 (95% CI 5.8-17.9) for long-term nursing-home admission over three years; one non-injurious fall 3.1; two or more non-injurious falls 5.5 (Tinetti & Williams, NEJM, 1997). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Falls, injuries due to falls, and the risk of admission to a nursing home\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9345078/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1997-nursing-home-admission-or-10-2." }, { "id": "tinetti-1997-12-1pct-long-term-nh-admission", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "12.1% (133 of 1,103) of community-dwelling people over 71 had long-term admissions to nursing homes during three years of follow-up (Tinetti & Williams, NEJM, 1997; New Haven, USA).", "value": 12.1, "unit": "% with long-term nursing-home admission over 3 years", "display_value": "12.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Three years of follow-up", "population": "Community-dwelling people aged >71", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Falls, injuries due to falls, and the risk of admission to a nursing home", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9345078/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1997-10-30", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A total of 133 participants (12.1 percent) had long-term admissions to nursing homes.", "locator": "Abstract (Results)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Baseline for the odds ratios in the companion record.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1997-12-1pct-long-term-nh-admission", "citation_text": "12.1% (133 of 1,103) of community-dwelling people over 71 had long-term admissions to nursing homes during three years of follow-up (Tinetti & Williams, NEJM, 1997; New Haven, USA). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Falls, injuries due to falls, and the risk of admission to a nursing home\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9345078/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1997-12-1pct-long-term-nh-admission." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-adl-decline-35-vs-26", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Fallers who could not get up without help were more likely to suffer lasting decline in activities of daily living than fallers who could get up (35% vs 26%) (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993).", "value": 35, "unit": "% with lasting ADL decline (unable to get up) vs 26% (able to get up)", "display_value": "35% vs 26%", "display_label": "Lasting decline in daily activities, fallers unable vs able to get up (Tinetti 1993)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Mean 21-month follow-up", "population": "Community-dwelling non-injured fallers aged 72+", "sample_n": 313, "publisher": "JAMA", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8416408/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Compared with fallers able to get up, those unable to get up were more likely to suffer lasting decline in activities of daily living (35% vs 26%).", "locator": "Abstract (Results)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Self-reported outcomes; the abstract does not give the time on the floor.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-adl-decline-35-vs-26", "citation_text": "Fallers who could not get up without help were more likely to suffer lasting decline in activities of daily living than fallers who could get up (35% vs 26%) (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993). Source: JAMA, \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8416408/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-adl-decline-35-vs-26." }, { "id": "morin-2024-rhabdo-70plus-90pct-prolonged-immobilization", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In a French hospital cohort of 343 rhabdomyolysis patients (CK >5x normal), 90% of cases in patients aged 70 and over were explained by prolonged immobilization, principally after a fall (Morin, Somme & Corvol, BMC Geriatrics, 2024).", "value": 90, "unit": "% of rhabdomyolysis cases aged 70+ attributed to prolonged immobilization", "display_value": "90%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Rennes, France (single university hospital)", "period": "June 2013-December 2019", "population": "Adults admitted with CK >5x upper limit of normal; median age 75 (range 18-103)", "sample_n": 343, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature)", "source_title": "Rhabdomyolysis in older adults: outcomes and prognostic factors", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782688/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-01-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "For patients aged 70 years and over, the main etiology was prolonged immobilization after a fall.", "locator": "Abstract (Results); Table 2 ('90% of cases in patients aged 70 and over were explained by prolonged immobilization'); Results (65.2% of all cases)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Retrospective, single centre. Prolonged immobilization accounted for 65.2% of all-age cases. DOI 10.1186/s12877-023-04620-8.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#morin-2024-rhabdo-70plus-90pct-prolonged-immobilization", "citation_text": "In a French hospital cohort of 343 rhabdomyolysis patients (CK >5x normal), 90% of cases in patients aged 70 and over were explained by prolonged immobilization, principally after a fall (Morin, Somme & Corvol, BMC Geriatrics, 2024). Source: BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature), \"Rhabdomyolysis in older adults: outcomes and prognostic factors\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782688/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#morin-2024-rhabdo-70plus-90pct-prolonged-immobilization." }, { "id": "morin-2024-rhabdo-aki-57-7pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Acute renal failure occurred in 57.7% of 343 rhabdomyolysis cases (median age 75; most older cases due to prolonged immobilization after a fall) at Rennes University Hospital, 2013-2019 (Morin et al., BMC Geriatrics, 2024).", "value": 57.7, "unit": "% with acute renal failure", "display_value": "57.7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Rennes, France", "period": "June 2013-December 2019", "population": "Adults with CK >5x normal (median age 75)", "sample_n": 343, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics", "source_title": "Rhabdomyolysis in older adults: outcomes and prognostic factors", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782688/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-01-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The mean peak CK was 21,825 IU/L. Acute renal failure occurred in 57.7% of the cases.", "locator": "Abstract (Results)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Only 4 patients (1.8%) needed dialysis (Table 1). All-age cohort; not restricted to long-lie fallers.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#morin-2024-rhabdo-aki-57-7pct", "citation_text": "Acute renal failure occurred in 57.7% of 343 rhabdomyolysis cases (median age 75; most older cases due to prolonged immobilization after a fall) at Rennes University Hospital, 2013-2019 (Morin et al., BMC Geriatrics, 2024). Source: BMC Geriatrics, \"Rhabdomyolysis in older adults: outcomes and prognostic factors\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782688/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#morin-2024-rhabdo-aki-57-7pct." }, { "id": "morin-2024-rhabdo-30-day-mortality-10-5pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "30-day in-hospital mortality was 10.5% (23 deaths) among 343 rhabdomyolysis patients, median age 75, at Rennes University Hospital, 2013-2019 (Morin et al., BMC Geriatrics, 2024).", "value": 10.5, "unit": "% 30-day in-hospital mortality", "display_value": "10.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Rennes, France", "period": "June 2013-December 2019", "population": "Adults with CK >5x normal (median age 75)", "sample_n": 343, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics", "source_title": "Rhabdomyolysis in older adults: outcomes and prognostic factors", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782688/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-01-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10.5% (23 deaths).", "locator": "Abstract (Results)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Independent predictors of mortality: age, Charlson score, qSOFA >=2, peak creatinine, DIC. CK level was not an independent predictor.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#morin-2024-rhabdo-30-day-mortality-10-5pct", "citation_text": "30-day in-hospital mortality was 10.5% (23 deaths) among 343 rhabdomyolysis patients, median age 75, at Rennes University Hospital, 2013-2019 (Morin et al., BMC Geriatrics, 2024). Source: BMC Geriatrics, \"Rhabdomyolysis in older adults: outcomes and prognostic factors\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10782688/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#morin-2024-rhabdo-30-day-mortality-10-5pct." }, { "id": "huser-2023-long-lie-trauma-in-hospital-mortality-50pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Of 50 'long lie trauma' patients (median age 76, median 13.5 hours on the ground) presenting to a German university emergency department in 2018-2020, 69% were admitted to intensive care and in-hospital mortality was 50% (Hüser et al., Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed, 2023).", "value": 50, "unit": "% in-hospital mortality", "display_value": "50%", "display_label": "In-hospital mortality, severe long-lie ED cohort, median 13.5 h on the ground (Huser 2023, n=50)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cologne, Germany (University Hospital Cologne ED, single centre)", "period": "July 2018-December 2020", "population": "ED patients found after prolonged lying ('Liegetrauma'); median age 76 (range 36-103); 58% male; causes mostly medical (40% primary cerebral, 12% intoxication, 10% domestic trauma)", "sample_n": 50, "publisher": "Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (Springer)", "source_title": "'Long lie trauma' patients: retrospective analysis of a patient cohort presenting to a university hospital emergency department", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10076350/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-04-11 (online); print 2023", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Overall, 69% of the patients were admitted to an intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality was 50%.", "locator": "English abstract (Results); German 'Ergebnisse' - verified via Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC10076350)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Highly selected, severe cohort: 48% intubated by paramedics; only 10% of lies were due to a fall/trauma. Not generalisable to typical older fallers. Median time on ground known for only 10 patients (range 9-96 h). DOI 10.1007/s00063-022-00912-w.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#huser-2023-long-lie-trauma-in-hospital-mortality-50pct", "citation_text": "Of 50 'long lie trauma' patients (median age 76, median 13.5 hours on the ground) presenting to a German university emergency department in 2018-2020, 69% were admitted to intensive care and in-hospital mortality was 50% (Hüser et al., Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed, 2023). Source: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin (Springer), \"'Long lie trauma' patients: retrospective analysis of a patient cohort presenting to a university hospital emergency department\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10076350/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#huser-2023-long-lie-trauma-in-hospital-mortality-50pct." }, { "id": "huser-2023-long-lie-trauma-complications", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among 50 'long lie trauma' ED patients (median 13.5 h on the ground), associated diagnoses were hypovolaemia 66%, infection 52%, injury 22%, severe rhabdomyolysis (CK >=5000 U/l) 21%, acute kidney injury 20% and severe hypothermia <32 C 20% (Hüser et al., 2023, Cologne).", "value": 66, "unit": "% with hypovolaemia (dehydration)", "display_value": "66%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cologne, Germany", "period": "July 2018-December 2020", "population": "ED patients found after prolonged lying, median age 76", "sample_n": 50, "publisher": "Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin", "source_title": "'Long lie trauma' patients: retrospective analysis of a patient cohort presenting to a university hospital emergency department", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10076350/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-04-11 (online); print 2023", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "It was often associated with infection (52%), injury (22%), hypovolemia (66%), acute kidney injury (20%), and severe rhabdomyolysis (creatine kinase >= 5000 U/l, 21%) as well as severe hypothermia < 32 C (20%).", "locator": "English abstract (Results); Table 1", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Full text adds: CK >=1000 U/l in 58% at presentation; hypothermia <35 C in 23%; of infections, 69% pneumonia and 23% UTI; mean hospital stay of survivors 14 +/- 8 days (median 16). No pressure-injury counts reported.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#huser-2023-long-lie-trauma-complications", "citation_text": "Among 50 'long lie trauma' ED patients (median 13.5 h on the ground), associated diagnoses were hypovolaemia 66%, infection 52%, injury 22%, severe rhabdomyolysis (CK >=5000 U/l) 21%, acute kidney injury 20% and severe hypothermia <32 C 20% (Hüser et al., 2023, Cologne). Source: Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, \"'Long lie trauma' patients: retrospective analysis of a patient cohort presenting to a university hospital emergency department\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10076350/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#huser-2023-long-lie-trauma-complications." }, { "id": "walters-2026-long-lie-ck-elevated-39pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among 370 patients over 80 presenting to a UK tertiary hospital after a fall with long lie and no trauma (Dec 2021-Jul 2022), 65% had a creatine kinase result and 39% of those were elevated; 4% (15 patients) developed acute kidney injury (Walters & Baxter, University Hospital Southampton, World Falls Congress abstract via British Geriatrics Society, 2026).", "value": 39, "unit": "% of tested patients with elevated CK", "display_value": "39%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Southampton, United Kingdom (single tertiary centre)", "period": "1 December 2021-31 July 2022", "population": "Patients aged over 80 presenting with a fall and long lie without trauma", "sample_n": 370, "publisher": "British Geriatrics Society (conference abstract, 3rd World Falls Congress)", "source_title": "Older patients presenting with a fall and long lie; is there an opportunity to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions?", "source_url": "https://www.bgs.org.uk/older-patients-presenting-with-a-fall-and-long-lie-is-there-an-opportunity-to-reduce-unnecessary", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "There was no strong correlation in length of lie and CK results", "locator": "Abstract body on BGS page (CK 65% documented, 39% elevated; AKI 4% / 15 patients; 25% / 93 same-day discharge; average stay 8 days)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Conference abstract, not peer-reviewed journal article; mortality not reported; long lie not explicitly defined. 25% (93) were discharged the same day; admitted patients stayed an average of 8 days.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#walters-2026-long-lie-ck-elevated-39pct", "citation_text": "Among 370 patients over 80 presenting to a UK tertiary hospital after a fall with long lie and no trauma (Dec 2021-Jul 2022), 65% had a creatine kinase result and 39% of those were elevated; 4% (15 patients) developed acute kidney injury (Walters & Baxter, University Hospital Southampton, World Falls Congress abstract via British Geriatrics Society, 2026). Source: British Geriatrics Society (conference abstract, 3rd World Falls Congress), \"Older patients presenting with a fall and long lie; is there an opportunity to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions?\" (https://www.bgs.org.uk/older-patients-presenting-with-a-fall-and-long-lie-is-there-an-opportunity-to-reduce-unnecessary). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#walters-2026-long-lie-ck-elevated-39pct." }, { "id": "walters-2026-long-lie-aki-4pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Only 4% (15 of 370) of over-80s presenting to a UK hospital after a fall with long lie and no trauma developed acute kidney injury, while 25% were discharged the same day (Walters & Baxter, BGS/World Falls Congress abstract, 2026).", "value": 4, "unit": "% with acute kidney injury", "display_value": "4%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Southampton, United Kingdom", "period": "1 December 2021-31 July 2022", "population": "Patients over 80 with a fall and long lie, no trauma", "sample_n": 370, "publisher": "British Geriatrics Society (conference abstract)", "source_title": "Older patients presenting with a fall and long lie; is there an opportunity to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions?", "source_url": "https://www.bgs.org.uk/older-patients-presenting-with-a-fall-and-long-lie-is-there-an-opportunity-to-reduce-unnecessary", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "There was no strong correlation in length of lie and CK results", "locator": "Abstract body on BGS page", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Contrasts with rhabdomyolysis-cohort AKI rates (Morin 57.7%, Choy 50.7%) which are conditional on having rhabdomyolysis; this cohort is all long-lie fallers regardless of CK.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#walters-2026-long-lie-aki-4pct", "citation_text": "Only 4% (15 of 370) of over-80s presenting to a UK hospital after a fall with long lie and no trauma developed acute kidney injury, while 25% were discharged the same day (Walters & Baxter, BGS/World Falls Congress abstract, 2026). Source: British Geriatrics Society (conference abstract), \"Older patients presenting with a fall and long lie; is there an opportunity to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions?\" (https://www.bgs.org.uk/older-patients-presenting-with-a-fall-and-long-lie-is-there-an-opportunity-to-reduce-unnecessary). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#walters-2026-long-lie-aki-4pct." }, { "id": "vellas-1997-fear-of-falling-32pct-after-fall", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "32% (70 of 219) of older people who fell during a two-year study reported a fear of falling afterwards; fearful fallers went on to develop greater mobility restriction (Vellas et al., Age and Ageing, 1997; New Mexico, USA).", "value": 32, "unit": "% of fallers reporting fear of falling", "display_value": "32%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA (New Mexico Aging Process Study)", "period": "Two-year study period (1990s)", "population": "Healthy community-dwelling older adults who experienced a fall", "sample_n": 219, "publisher": "Age and Ageing (Oxford University Press / British Geriatrics Society)", "source_title": "Fear of falling and restriction of mobility in elderly fallers", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9223714/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1997-05", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "70 (32%) of 219 subjects who experienced a fall during the 2 year study period reported a fear of falling.", "locator": "Abstract (Results) - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 9223714", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Fear of falling after any fall, not specifically after a long lie. Women 74% vs men 26% of fearful fallers. Fearful fallers had more balance (31.9% vs 12.8%) and gait (31.9% vs 7.4%) disorders at baseline.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#vellas-1997-fear-of-falling-32pct-after-fall", "citation_text": "32% (70 of 219) of older people who fell during a two-year study reported a fear of falling afterwards; fearful fallers went on to develop greater mobility restriction (Vellas et al., Age and Ageing, 1997; New Mexico, USA). Source: Age and Ageing (Oxford University Press / British Geriatrics Society), \"Fear of falling and restriction of mobility in elderly fallers\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9223714/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#vellas-1997-fear-of-falling-32pct-after-fall." }, { "id": "murphy-isaacs-1982-post-fall-syndrome", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In the study that defined the 'post-fall syndrome', 10 of 36 older patients admitted after a fall showed severe clutching/grabbing and could not walk unaided, and 9 of those 10 had died or were still in hospital four months later (Murphy & Isaacs, Gerontology, 1982).", "value": 9, "unit": "patients (of 10 with severe post-fall syndrome) dead or still in hospital at 4 months", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom (hospital geriatric unit)", "period": "c. 1980-1981; 4-month follow-up", "population": "Patients aged 65+ admitted to hospital after a fall", "sample_n": 36, "publisher": "Gerontology (Karger)", "source_title": "The post-fall syndrome. A study of 36 elderly patients", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7117852/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1982", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "36 patients aged 65 and over who were admitted to hospital after suffering a fall were examined soon after admission and followed for 4 months.", "locator": "Abstract - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 7117852 (10 severe: 9 died or remained in hospital; 16 moderate: 5; 10 none: 1 died)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Very small, descriptive, 1982. Defines post-fall syndrome as fear of falling, staggering gait and a tendency to clutch and grab for support. DOI 10.1159/000212543.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#murphy-isaacs-1982-post-fall-syndrome", "citation_text": "In the study that defined the 'post-fall syndrome', 10 of 36 older patients admitted after a fall showed severe clutching/grabbing and could not walk unaided, and 9 of those 10 had died or were still in hospital four months later (Murphy & Isaacs, Gerontology, 1982). Source: Gerontology (Karger), \"The post-fall syndrome. A study of 36 elderly patients\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7117852/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#murphy-isaacs-1982-post-fall-syndrome." }, { "id": "gefen-2008-pressure-ulcer-onset-1-to-6-hours", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Integrated evidence from human, animal and cell studies indicates pressure ulcers in deep tissue under bony prominences very likely begin between the first hour and 4 to 6 hours of sustained loading (Gefen, Ostomy/Wound Management, 2008).", "value": 1, "unit": "hours to onset (lower bound; upper bound 4-6 h)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Not applicable (evidence synthesis)", "period": "Literature to 2008", "population": "Surgical patients, animal models and in-vitro muscle cell cultures (not long-lie fallers specifically)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Ostomy/Wound Management", "source_title": "How much time does it take to get a pressure ulcer? Integrated evidence from human, animal, and in vitro studies", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18927481/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2008-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "pressure ulcers in subdermal tissues under bony prominences very likely occur between the first hour and 4 to 6 hours after sustained loading.", "locator": "Abstract (Findings) - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 18927481", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Mechanistic review by a bioengineer, widely cited to explain why a >1 h lie matters for skin. Not derived from fallers found on floors.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gefen-2008-pressure-ulcer-onset-1-to-6-hours", "citation_text": "Integrated evidence from human, animal and cell studies indicates pressure ulcers in deep tissue under bony prominences very likely begin between the first hour and 4 to 6 hours of sustained loading (Gefen, Ostomy/Wound Management, 2008). Source: Ostomy/Wound Management, \"How much time does it take to get a pressure ulcer? Integrated evidence from human, animal, and in vitro studies\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18927481/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gefen-2008-pressure-ulcer-onset-1-to-6-hours." }, { "id": "kubitza-2023-ambulance-recontact-78-8-vs-60-6", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "A 2023 scoping review reports that 78.8% of older fallers who had a long lie later re-contacted the ambulance service, versus 60.6% of fallers without a long lie, citing Simpson et al. 2014 (Kubitza et al., European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 2023).", "value": 78.8, "unit": "% re-contacting ambulance service (long lie) vs 60.6% (no long lie)", "display_value": "78.8%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New South Wales, Australia (original data)", "period": "2010-2011 (original data)", "population": "People aged 65+ attended by ambulance after a fall", "sample_n": 1610, "publisher": "European Review of Aging and Physical Activity (Springer Nature)", "source_title": "Concept of the term long lie: a scoping review", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10463813/", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-08-29", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "78.8% with long lie vs. 60.6% without long lie", "locator": "Results (consequences section), reference 37 (Simpson et al. 2014) - verified via Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC10463813)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure verified in the scoping review, NOT in the primary (Simpson 2014 full text is paywalled; its abstract does not contain it). Cite as 'Simpson et al. 2014, as reported by Kubitza et al. 2023'. Same review summarises that within one year '29% to 77% of persons move to a long-term care facility' citing Fleming 2008 and Gurley 1996.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2023-ambulance-recontact-78-8-vs-60-6", "citation_text": "A 2023 scoping review reports that 78.8% of older fallers who had a long lie later re-contacted the ambulance service, versus 60.6% of fallers without a long lie, citing Simpson et al. 2014 (Kubitza et al., European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 2023). Source: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity (Springer Nature), \"Concept of the term long lie: a scoping review\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10463813/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2023-ambulance-recontact-78-8-vs-60-6." }, { "id": "woodhouse-1989-hypothermia-found-on-floor-79pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In a London case-control study, 79% of patients admitted with hypothermia after being found ill indoors (mean age 80) had been found on the floor, versus 14% of controls; 86% lived alone (vs 43%) (Woodhouse, Keatinge & Coleshaw, The Lancet, 1989).", "value": 79, "unit": "% of indoor hypothermia patients found on the floor (controls 14%)", "display_value": "79%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Inner-city London hospitals, United Kingdom", "period": "Winter(s) late 1980s", "population": "Patients admitted with hypothermia after being found ill indoors; mean age 80", "sample_n": 14, "publisher": "The Lancet", "source_title": "Factors associated with hypothermia in patients admitted to a group of inner city hospitals", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2572913/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1989-11-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "They were more likely than control patients to have been alone when taken ill (93 vs 39% of controls), to live alone (86 vs 43%), and to have been found on the floor (79 vs 14%).", "locator": "Abstract - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 2572913", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Tiny case series (n=14). Same paper: healthy volunteers lying immobile on the ground at 5 C lightly clothed cooled by 0.57 C (SD 0.32) in 90 minutes. Authors' conclusion: 'hypothermia indoors resulted largely from collapse due to illness when the patient was alone lightly clothed and not in bed.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#woodhouse-1989-hypothermia-found-on-floor-79pct", "citation_text": "In a London case-control study, 79% of patients admitted with hypothermia after being found ill indoors (mean age 80) had been found on the floor, versus 14% of controls; 86% lived alone (vs 43%) (Woodhouse, Keatinge & Coleshaw, The Lancet, 1989). Source: The Lancet, \"Factors associated with hypothermia in patients admitted to a group of inner city hospitals\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2572913/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#woodhouse-1989-hypothermia-found-on-floor-79pct." }, { "id": "gautam-1989-elderly-hypothermia-mortality-36pct-48h", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among 86 hypothermic elderly patients treated in a UK department between 1980 and 1985, mortality within 48 hours was 36%, and 90% of those who survived the hypothermia died within one year (Gautam et al., Public Health, 1989).", "value": 36, "unit": "% mortality within 48 hours", "display_value": "36%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom (single hospital department)", "period": "1980-1985", "population": "Elderly patients admitted with hypothermia (not restricted to fallers)", "sample_n": 86, "publisher": "Public Health (Elsevier / Royal Society for Public Health)", "source_title": "Hypothermia in the elderly: sociomedical characteristics and outcome of 86 patients", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2727231/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1989-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Fatality was less among the group receiving substantial services, but the overall mortality within 48 hours was 36%.", "locator": "Abstract - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 2727231", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Old, retrospective, single centre; cause of hypothermia (fall/collapse vs cold housing) not broken out in the abstract. 'Eleven per cent had recurrence of hypothermia and 90% of those who survived hypothermia died within one year.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gautam-1989-elderly-hypothermia-mortality-36pct-48h", "citation_text": "Among 86 hypothermic elderly patients treated in a UK department between 1980 and 1985, mortality within 48 hours was 36%, and 90% of those who survived the hypothermia died within one year (Gautam et al., Public Health, 1989). Source: Public Health (Elsevier / Royal Society for Public Health), \"Hypothermia in the elderly: sociomedical characteristics and outcome of 86 patients\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2727231/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gautam-1989-elderly-hypothermia-mortality-36pct-48h." }, { "id": "takauji-2021-japan-hypothermia-indoor-73pct-mortality-24-5pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In Japan's nationwide accidental-hypothermia registry (2018-2020, 1,194 patients, median age 79), 73.4% of cases occurred indoors, 49.3% were caused by acute medical illness, and 30-day mortality was 24.5% (Takauji et al., Acute Medicine & Surgery, 2021).", "value": 24.5, "unit": "% 30-day mortality", "display_value": "24.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan (87-89 institutions)", "period": "December 2018-February 2019 and December 2019-February 2020", "population": "Adults (18+) with body temperature <=35 C; median age 79 (IQR 68-87)", "sample_n": 1194, "publisher": "Acute Medicine & Surgery (Wiley / Japanese Association for Acute Medicine)", "source_title": "Accidental hypothermia: characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors - A nationwide observational study in Japan (Hypothermia study 2018 and 2019)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8448583/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-09", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "AH occurred in an indoor setting in 73.4% and was caused by acute medical illness in 49.3% of patients.", "locator": "Abstract (Results) - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 34567577; also 'The overall 30-day mortality rate was 24.5%'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Not a long-lie cohort; shows that accidental hypothermia in a rich country is predominantly an indoor, very-old-age phenomenon. Needing total ADL assistance was a prognostic factor. Abstract does not mention falls.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#takauji-2021-japan-hypothermia-indoor-73pct-mortality-24-5pct", "citation_text": "In Japan's nationwide accidental-hypothermia registry (2018-2020, 1,194 patients, median age 79), 73.4% of cases occurred indoors, 49.3% were caused by acute medical illness, and 30-day mortality was 24.5% (Takauji et al., Acute Medicine & Surgery, 2021). Source: Acute Medicine & Surgery (Wiley / Japanese Association for Acute Medicine), \"Accidental hypothermia: characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors - A nationwide observational study in Japan (Hypothermia study 2018 and 2019)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8448583/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#takauji-2021-japan-hypothermia-indoor-73pct-mortality-24-5pct." }, { "id": "choy-2020-rhabdo-prolonged-immobility-71-5pct-aki-50-7pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In a 10-year Australian regional hospital series of 383 rhabdomyolysis cases (median age 71), the leading cause was prolonged immobility after a fall (71.5%); 50.7% developed acute kidney injury, 9.9% needed kidney replacement therapy and 7.6% died (Choy et al., Renal Society of Australasia Journal, 2020).", "value": 71.5, "unit": "% of rhabdomyolysis cases caused by prolonged immobility (fall)", "display_value": "71.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Geelong, Victoria, Australia (University Hospital Geelong)", "period": "May 2006-May 2016", "population": "Patients with CK >1000 U/L (>5x ULN), excluding myocardial/cerebral infarction; median age 71 (IQR 50-83)", "sample_n": 383, "publisher": "Renal Society of Australasia Journal", "source_title": "Rhabdomyolysis cases and acute kidney injury: a 10-year experience at a regional tertiary centre", "source_url": "https://journals.cambridgemedia.com.au/application/files/8116/0792/5332/choy.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The leading cause of rhabdomyolysis was prolonged immobility (71.5%). 194 patients (50.7%) developed an acute kidney injury (AKI), 9.9% required KRT, and 7.6% died.", "locator": "Abstract (Results); Table 2 ('Prolonged immobility - Fall 274 (71.5%)'); DOI 10.33235/rsaj.16.3.98-105", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "PDF fetched and text-extracted locally. Patients with immobility-related rhabdomyolysis were older than other causes; ICU admission 30% (115); median length of stay 8 days (IQR 4-16).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#choy-2020-rhabdo-prolonged-immobility-71-5pct-aki-50-7pct", "citation_text": "In a 10-year Australian regional hospital series of 383 rhabdomyolysis cases (median age 71), the leading cause was prolonged immobility after a fall (71.5%); 50.7% developed acute kidney injury, 9.9% needed kidney replacement therapy and 7.6% died (Choy et al., Renal Society of Australasia Journal, 2020). Source: Renal Society of Australasia Journal, \"Rhabdomyolysis cases and acute kidney injury: a 10-year experience at a regional tertiary centre\" (https://journals.cambridgemedia.com.au/application/files/8116/0792/5332/choy.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#choy-2020-rhabdo-prolonged-immobility-71-5pct-aki-50-7pct." }, { "id": "alter-2025-ed-rhabdo-pressure-immobility-53-6pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In 308 emergency-department rhabdomyolysis cases (CPK >=500 U/L) at two Florida community hospitals in 2017-2018, pressure injury / prolonged immobility was the most common cause (53.6%); 90.3% were admitted and 4.3% needed haemodialysis (Alter et al., JACEP Open, 2025).", "value": 53.6, "unit": "% of ED rhabdomyolysis cases due to pressure / prolonged immobility", "display_value": "53.6%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "South Florida, USA (two community hospitals)", "period": "1 January 2017-31 December 2018", "population": "ED patients with rhabdomyolysis; mean age 58.2 (range 21-98) - all adults, not elderly-specific", "sample_n": 308, "publisher": "JACEP Open (Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open)", "source_title": "Patients in Rhabdomyolysis Presenting to the Emergency Department", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12639316/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Pressure injuries and exercise were the most common causes identified, rhabdomyolysis was also frequently caused by hyperactive delirium with severe agitation.", "locator": "Results (etiology: pressure/prolonged immobility 53.6%; exercise 16.2%; delirium 15.6%; admission 90.3%; haemodialysis 4.3%) - verified via Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC12639316)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Mixed-age cohort; included only to show that immobility/pressure is the dominant rhabdomyolysis mechanism in ED practice. DOI 10.1016/j.acepjo.2025.100269.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#alter-2025-ed-rhabdo-pressure-immobility-53-6pct", "citation_text": "In 308 emergency-department rhabdomyolysis cases (CPK >=500 U/L) at two Florida community hospitals in 2017-2018, pressure injury / prolonged immobility was the most common cause (53.6%); 90.3% were admitted and 4.3% needed haemodialysis (Alter et al., JACEP Open, 2025). Source: JACEP Open (Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open), \"Patients in Rhabdomyolysis Presenting to the Emergency Department\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12639316/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#alter-2025-ed-rhabdo-pressure-immobility-53-6pct." }, { "id": "npa-japan-2024-65plus-found-within-1-day-39-2pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Of 58,044 people aged 65+ who lived alone and were found dead at home in Japan in 2024, 22,734 (39.2%) were found within one day of death, while 4,538 (7.8%) were not found for more than 30 days (National Police Agency of Japan, 2025).", "value": 39.2, "unit": "% of 65+ solitary home deaths found within 0-1 days", "display_value": "39.2%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan (nationwide)", "period": "Calendar year 2024", "population": "People aged 65+ living alone found dead at home (police-handled)", "sample_n": 58044, "publisher": "National Police Agency of Japan", "source_title": "警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者（令和６年）[Persons living alone who died at home, among bodies handled by police, 2024]", "source_url": "https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "うち65歳以上 58,044 22,734 11,986 7,694 5,721 5,371 3,452 710 227 149", "locator": "Days-elapsed table row for 65+ (columns: 0-1日, 2-3日, 4-7日, 8-14日, 15-30日, 31-90日, 91-180日, 181-365日, 366日-)", "derived": true, "formula": "22,734 / 58,044 * 100 = 39.2 ; >30 days = 3,452 + 710 + 227 + 149 = 4,538 ; 4,538 / 58,044 * 100 = 7.8 ; 8+ days = 5,721 + 5,371 + 3,452 + 710 + 227 + 149 = 15,630 (26.9%)", "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Days elapsed = death to police handling. The 39.2% and 7.8% figures match those reported in English-language press (Xinhua, 11 April 2025) and are reproduced here from the official table. Fall-related deaths are not separable.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#npa-japan-2024-65plus-found-within-1-day-39-2pct", "citation_text": "Of 58,044 people aged 65+ who lived alone and were found dead at home in Japan in 2024, 22,734 (39.2%) were found within one day of death, while 4,538 (7.8%) were not found for more than 30 days (National Police Agency of Japan, 2025). Source: National Police Agency of Japan, \"警察取扱死体のうち、自宅において死亡した一人暮らしの者（令和６年）[Persons living alone who died at home, among bodies handled by police, 2024]\" (https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/shitai/hitorigurashi/R6nennreikaisoubetu.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#npa-japan-2024-65plus-found-within-1-day-39-2pct." }, { "id": "xiong-2024-global-fear-of-falling-49-6pct", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "A 2024 meta-analysis of 153 studies with 200,033 older adults in 38 countries estimated the global prevalence of fear of falling at 49.60% (range 6.96-90.34%), higher among patients than community residents (52.2% vs 48.4%) (Xiong et al., BMC Geriatrics, 2024).", "value": 49.6, "unit": "% pooled prevalence of fear of falling among older adults", "display_value": "49.6%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global (38 countries)", "period": "Studies to 2 September 2023", "population": "Older adults (community and patient samples)", "sample_n": 200033, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics", "source_title": "The global prevalence of and risk factors for fear of falling among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10998426/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-04-05", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A total of the 153 studies with 200,033 participants from 38 countries worldwide were identified. The global prevalence of fear of falling was 49.60%, ranging from 6.96-90.34%.", "locator": "Abstract (Results) - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 38580924", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Background prevalence of fear of falling in older adults generally, not after long lies; use as context for the psychological-sequelae section.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#xiong-2024-global-fear-of-falling-49-6pct", "citation_text": "A 2024 meta-analysis of 153 studies with 200,033 older adults in 38 countries estimated the global prevalence of fear of falling at 49.60% (range 6.96-90.34%), higher among patients than community residents (52.2% vs 48.4%) (Xiong et al., BMC Geriatrics, 2024). Source: BMC Geriatrics, \"The global prevalence of and risk factors for fear of falling among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10998426/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#xiong-2024-global-fear-of-falling-49-6pct." }, { "id": "fu-2026-hip-fracture-admission-delay-6pct-per-day", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In a multicentre cohort of 1,733 surgically treated osteoporotic hip-fracture patients aged 50+, each additional day between fracture and hospital admission raised one-year mortality risk by 6% (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.08), and admission beyond 4 days doubled it (HR 2.01) (Fu et al., BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2026).", "value": 1.06, "unit": "adjusted hazard ratio for 1-year mortality per day of fracture-to-admission delay", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Multicentre (country not stated in abstract; authors based in China)", "period": "Not stated in abstract (published 2026)", "population": "Patients aged >=50 undergoing surgery for osteoporotic hip fracture", "sample_n": 1733, "publisher": "BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders", "source_title": "Delayed hospitalization for patients with hip fragility fracture increases mortality risk one year after surgery: a multicentre cohort study", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41618221/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "each additional day increased risk by 6% (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.08; P < 0.001). Patients admitted more than 1 day after fracture had a 44% higher mortality risk", "locator": "Abstract (Results) - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 41618221 (PMCID PMC12947455)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Pre-hospital delay, not time on the floor per se: delay includes patients who were found promptly but presented late. One-year mortality 6.66% overall. Best available proxy for 'hip fracture + delayed discovery' - no cohort stratified by floor time was found.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fu-2026-hip-fracture-admission-delay-6pct-per-day", "citation_text": "In a multicentre cohort of 1,733 surgically treated osteoporotic hip-fracture patients aged 50+, each additional day between fracture and hospital admission raised one-year mortality risk by 6% (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.08), and admission beyond 4 days doubled it (HR 2.01) (Fu et al., BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2026). Source: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, \"Delayed hospitalization for patients with hip fragility fracture increases mortality risk one year after surgery: a multicentre cohort study\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41618221/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fu-2026-hip-fracture-admission-delay-6pct-per-day." }, { "id": "ghosh-2023-hip-fracture-injury-to-admission-or-1-22", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In 78 geriatric hip-fracture patients at a north Indian tertiary centre (2019-2020), 41% presented more than 48 hours after injury; injury-to-admission time was a risk factor for 30-day mortality (OR 1.22 per day, 95% CI 1.03-1.44), with 30-day mortality 19.2% (Ghosh et al., Cureus, 2023).", "value": 1.22, "unit": "odds ratio for 30-day mortality per day of injury-to-admission time", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Northern India (single tertiary centre)", "period": "September 2019-November 2020", "population": "Hip-fracture patients aged >60", "sample_n": 78, "publisher": "Cureus", "source_title": "Pre-Hospital Delays Represent Unnoticed Intervals That Affect Mortality Rates in Geriatric Hip Fractures: A Prospective Cohort Study", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10557467/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-09", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The injury to admission time (OR 1.22 [1.03-1.44; p = 0.018])", "locator": "Abstract / Results - verified via Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC10557467); 'A total of 41% of the patients presented to the hospital more than 48 hours after the injury.'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Small, low-resource setting; delays driven by access/finance, not by lying undiscovered. Mean injury-to-admission 3.45 (SD 5.50) days; six-month mortality 25.6%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ghosh-2023-hip-fracture-injury-to-admission-or-1-22", "citation_text": "In 78 geriatric hip-fracture patients at a north Indian tertiary centre (2019-2020), 41% presented more than 48 hours after injury; injury-to-admission time was a risk factor for 30-day mortality (OR 1.22 per day, 95% CI 1.03-1.44), with 30-day mortality 19.2% (Ghosh et al., Cureus, 2023). Source: Cureus, \"Pre-Hospital Delays Represent Unnoticed Intervals That Affect Mortality Rates in Geriatric Hip Fractures: A Prospective Cohort Study\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10557467/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ghosh-2023-hip-fracture-injury-to-admission-or-1-22." }, { "id": "magny-2017-hip-fracture-pressure-ulcer-6-month-mortality-rr-2-38", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "Among 567 hip-fracture patients aged 70+ in a Paris orthogeriatric pathway (2009-2015), 12% developed pressure ulcers, and a pressure ulcer was associated with 2.38 times the risk of death at six months (95% CI 1.31-4.32) (Magny et al., Archives of Osteoporosis, 2017).", "value": 2.38, "unit": "risk ratio for 6-month mortality associated with pressure ulcer", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Paris, France (Pitie-Salpetriere orthogeriatric unit)", "period": "June 2009-April 2015", "population": "Hip-fracture patients aged >=70", "sample_n": 567, "publisher": "Archives of Osteoporosis (Springer)", "source_title": "Pressure ulcers are associated with 6-month mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture managed in orthogeriatric care pathway", "source_url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852954/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2017-08-29", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The risk ratio of death at 6 months associated with pressure ulcer was 2.38 (95% CI 1.31-4.32%, p = 0.044).", "locator": "Abstract (Results) - verified via Europe PMC REST record, PMID 28852954", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Pressure ulcers here are mostly hospital-acquired; the abstract does not attribute them to floor time. Overall 6-month mortality 14.4%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#magny-2017-hip-fracture-pressure-ulcer-6-month-mortality-rr-2-38", "citation_text": "Among 567 hip-fracture patients aged 70+ in a Paris orthogeriatric pathway (2009-2015), 12% developed pressure ulcers, and a pressure ulcer was associated with 2.38 times the risk of death at six months (95% CI 1.31-4.32) (Magny et al., Archives of Osteoporosis, 2017). Source: Archives of Osteoporosis (Springer), \"Pressure ulcers are associated with 6-month mortality in elderly patients with hip fracture managed in orthogeriatric care pathway\" (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28852954/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#magny-2017-hip-fracture-pressure-ulcer-6-month-mortality-rr-2-38." }, { "id": "porter-2022-hip-fracture-preop-pressure-ulcer-30-day-mortality-or-1-21", "family": "outcomes", "statement": "In 19,520 US hip-fracture surgery patients (NSQIP, 2016-2019), 2.7% arrived with a pre-existing pressure ulcer; a preoperative pressure ulcer was independently associated with higher 30-day mortality (OR 1.21, 99% CI 1.02-1.43) and pneumonia (OR 1.39) (Porter et al., JAAOS Global Research & Reviews, 2022).", "value": 1.21, "unit": "odds ratio for 30-day mortality with preoperative pressure ulcer", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States (NSQIP participating hospitals)", "period": "2016-2019", "population": "Older adults undergoing hip-fracture surgery", "sample_n": 19520, "publisher": "JAAOS Global Research & Reviews (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)", "source_title": "Preoperative Pressure Ulcers, Mortality, and Complications in Older Hip Fracture Surgery Patients", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9633081/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "30-day mortality: OR = 1.21 (99% CI: 1.02-1.43, P = 0.004)", "locator": "Results (IPTW-adjusted outcomes) - verified via Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC9633081)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The paper does not record floor time or mention long lies; preoperative ulcers may pre-date the fall. 2.7% derived: 524/19,520. DOI 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-22-00117.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#porter-2022-hip-fracture-preop-pressure-ulcer-30-day-mortality-or-1-21", "citation_text": "In 19,520 US hip-fracture surgery patients (NSQIP, 2016-2019), 2.7% arrived with a pre-existing pressure ulcer; a preoperative pressure ulcer was independently associated with higher 30-day mortality (OR 1.21, 99% CI 1.02-1.43) and pneumonia (OR 1.39) (Porter et al., JAAOS Global Research & Reviews, 2022). Source: JAAOS Global Research & Reviews (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons), \"Preoperative Pressure Ulcers, Mortality, and Complications in Older Hip Fracture Surgery Patients\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9633081/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#porter-2022-hip-fracture-preop-pressure-ulcer-30-day-mortality-or-1-21." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-over-90s-who-fell-in-one-year", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "60% of a population-based cohort of people aged over 90 (n=110) fell at least once during one year of prospective follow-up (Cambridge City over-75s Cohort; Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 60, "unit": "% of participants who fell in 1 year", "display_value": "60%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of the 60% who fell, 80% (53/66) were unable to get up after at least one fall and 30% (20/66) had lain on the floor for an hour or more.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. 66 of 110 participants fell; 265 falls were reported in the year.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-over-90s-who-fell-in-one-year", "citation_text": "60% of a population-based cohort of people aged over 90 (n=110) fell at least once during one year of prospective follow-up (Cambridge City over-75s Cohort; Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-over-90s-who-fell-in-one-year." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-fallers-unable-to-get-up-after-at-least-one-fall", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "80% of over-90s who fell (53 of 66) were unable to get up after at least one fall during one year of follow-up (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 80, "unit": "% of fallers", "display_value": "80%", "display_label": "Fallers over 90, after at least one fall (Fleming & Brayne 2008)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of the 60% who fell, 80% (53/66) were unable to get up after at least one fall and 30% (20/66) had lain on the floor for an hour or more.", "locator": "Abstract, Results (also Results, 'Getting up after falling')", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. Oldest-old cohort (aged 91-105); not generalisable to all over-65s. Compare Tinetti 1993: 47% of non-injured fallers aged 72+.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-fallers-unable-to-get-up-after-at-least-one-fall", "citation_text": "80% of over-90s who fell (53 of 66) were unable to get up after at least one fall during one year of follow-up (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-fallers-unable-to-get-up-after-at-least-one-fall." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-fallers-on-floor-an-hour-or-more", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "30% of over-90s who fell (20 of 66) lay on the floor for an hour or more after at least one fall during one year of follow-up (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 30, "unit": "% of fallers (people, not falls)", "display_value": "30%", "display_label": "Fallers over 90, per person, one year (Fleming & Brayne 2008)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": "Fallers over 90, per person, one year (Fleming & Brayne 2008)", "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of the 60% who fell, 80% (53/66) were unable to get up after at least one fall and 30% (20/66) had lain on the floor for an hour or more.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. Per-person figure. Per-fall figure is 15% (40/265) - see separate record. A further 9% (n=6) had an unknown maximum time on floor (as restated by Johnston & Grimmer-Somers 2010).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-fallers-on-floor-an-hour-or-more", "citation_text": "30% of over-90s who fell (20 of 66) lay on the floor for an hour or more after at least one fall during one year of follow-up (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-fallers-on-floor-an-hour-or-more." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-falls-occurring-when-alone", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "82% of falls (217 of 265) among people over 90 occurred when the person was alone, over one year of prospective follow-up (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 82, "unit": "% of falls", "display_value": "82%", "display_label": "Falls in people over 90 that happened while alone (Fleming & Brayne 2008)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In one year's intensive follow-up, 54% (144/265) of fall reports described the participant as being found on the floor and 82% (217/265) of falls occurred when the person was alone.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. Per person: 88% (58/66) of fallers were alone for at least one fall (Results).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-falls-occurring-when-alone", "citation_text": "82% of falls (217 of 265) among people over 90 occurred when the person was alone, over one year of prospective follow-up (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-falls-occurring-when-alone." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-fall-reports-found-on-floor", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "54% of fall reports (144 of 265) among people over 90 described the participant as being found on the floor (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 54, "unit": "% of fall reports", "display_value": "54%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In one year's intensive follow-up, 54% (144/265) of fall reports described the participant as being found on the floor and 82% (217/265) of falls occurred when the person was alone.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-fall-reports-found-on-floor", "citation_text": "54% of fall reports (144 of 265) among people over 90 described the participant as being found on the floor (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-fall-reports-found-on-floor." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-falls-unable-to-get-up-without-help", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "In 66% of falls (176 of 265) reported by people over 90, the person was unable to get up without help (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 66, "unit": "% of falls", "display_value": "66%", "display_label": "Falls in over-90s, per fall (Fleming & Brayne 2008)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "in two thirds of all the falls reported the person who fell was unable to get up without help (176/265, 66%)", "locator": "Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-falls-unable-to-get-up-without-help", "citation_text": "In 66% of falls (176 of 265) reported by people over 90, the person was unable to get up without help (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-falls-unable-to-get-up-without-help." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-falls-resulting-in-hour-or-more-on-floor", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "15% of all reported falls (40 of 265) among people over 90 resulted in the person lying on the floor for an hour or more (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 15, "unit": "% of falls", "display_value": "15%", "display_label": "All falls an hour or more, over-90s (Fleming & Brayne 2008)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Fifteen per cent (n=40) of all reported falls in different settings resulted in the person lying on the floor for an hour or more", "locator": "Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. Per-fall denominator; the per-person figure is 30% of fallers.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-falls-resulting-in-hour-or-more-on-floor", "citation_text": "15% of all reported falls (40 of 265) among people over 90 resulted in the person lying on the floor for an hour or more (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-falls-resulting-in-hour-or-more-on-floor." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-unwitnessed-falls-unable-to-rise-hour-or-more", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "28% of unwitnessed falls in which the over-90 faller could not get up (40 of 143) led to lying on the floor for an hour or more (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 28, "unit": "% of falls (alone and unable to get up)", "display_value": "28%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "28% (40/143) of unwitnessed falls led to the person lying on the floor for an hour or more", "locator": "Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-unwitnessed-falls-unable-to-rise-hour-or-more", "citation_text": "28% of unwitnessed falls in which the over-90 faller could not get up (40 of 143) led to lying on the floor for an hour or more (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-unwitnessed-falls-unable-to-rise-hour-or-more." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-alone-unable-helped-within-five-minutes", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "When over-90s fell alone and could not get off the floor, help to get up arrived within five minutes in only 17% of such falls (25 of 143) (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008).", "value": 17, "unit": "% of falls (alone and unable to get up)", "display_value": "17%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "for those who were alone when they fell and could not get off the floor, assistance to help them up arrived in less than five minutes for only 17% (25/143) of such falls", "locator": "Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alone-unable-helped-within-five-minutes", "citation_text": "When over-90s fell alone and could not get off the floor, help to get up arrived within five minutes in only 17% of such falls (25 of 143) (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-alone-unable-helped-within-five-minutes." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-time-on-floor-distribution-all-falls", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Among 265 falls in people over 90, time on the floor was under 5 minutes in 43%, 5 minutes to under 1 hour in 36%, 1-2 hours in 5%, over 2 hours in 10% and unknown in 6% (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008, Table 3).", "value": 10, "unit": "% of falls with more than 2 hours on the floor", "display_value": "10%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "All falls (n=265): <5 minutes: 114 (43%); 5 min-<1 hr: 95 (36%); 1-2 hrs: 14 (5%); >2 hrs: 26 (10%); Unknown: 16 (6%)", "locator": "Table 3 'Time on floor after fall'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. Full distribution for a stacked bar. Quote is the table row as rendered from XML.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-time-on-floor-distribution-all-falls", "citation_text": "Among 265 falls in people over 90, time on the floor was under 5 minutes in 43%, 5 minutes to under 1 hour in 36%, 1-2 hours in 5%, over 2 hours in 10% and unknown in 6% (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008, Table 3). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-time-on-floor-distribution-all-falls." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-time-on-floor-distribution-alone-and-unable", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Among 143 falls where an over-90 was alone and unable to get up, time on the floor was under 5 minutes in 17%, 5 minutes to under 1 hour in 48%, 1-2 hours in 10%, over 2 hours in 18% and unknown in 7% (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008, Table 3).", "value": 18, "unit": "% of falls (alone and unable) with more than 2 hours on the floor", "display_value": "18%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Alone and unable to get up (n=143): <5 minutes: 25 (17%); 5 min-<1 hr: 68 (48%); 1-2 hrs: 14 (10%); >2 hrs: 26 (18%); Unknown: 10 (7%)", "locator": "Table 3 'Time on floor after fall'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-time-on-floor-distribution-alone-and-unable", "citation_text": "Among 143 falls where an over-90 was alone and unable to get up, time on the floor was under 5 minutes in 17%, 5 minutes to under 1 hour in 48%, 1-2 hours in 10%, over 2 hours in 18% and unknown in 7% (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ, 2008, Table 3). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-time-on-floor-distribution-alone-and-unable." }, { "id": "fleming-2008-restates-wild-1981-as-16-percent", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Fleming & Brayne (BMJ, 2008) restate the 1981 Birmingham general-practice survey as finding that 16% of home fallers aged over 65 lay on the floor for more than an hour (20 of 125).", "value": 16, "unit": "% of GP-notified home fallers aged 65+ (1981 survey)", "display_value": "16%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England (own homes and care homes)", "period": "2002-03 survey, 1-year prospective follow-up (2003-04)", "population": "Surviving participants of the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort, aged 91-105 (median 94); 90 women, 20 men", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMJ", "source_title": "Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-11-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In a UK survey in general practice 16% of those aged over 65 who fell in their own homes lay on the floor for more than an hour.", "locator": "Discussion", "derived": true, "formula": "20 / 125 * 100 = 16.0 (inputs from Wild, Nayak & Isaacs 1981)", "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Figure confirmed in the Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC2590903 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC2590903/fullTextXML); bmj.com itself returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. Source type here is secondary restatement; the primary (Wild 1981) reports the raw counts 20 of 125. Tinetti 1993 restates the same study as '20% of falls' - see conflict note in report.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-restates-wild-1981-as-16-percent", "citation_text": "Fleming & Brayne (BMJ, 2008) restate the 1981 Birmingham general-practice survey as finding that 16% of home fallers aged over 65 lay on the floor for more than an hour (20 of 125). Source: BMJ, \"Inability to get up after falling, subsequent time on floor, and summoning help: prospective cohort study in people over 90 (Fleming & Brayne, BMJ 2008;337:a2227)\" (https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2227). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-2008-restates-wild-1981-as-16-percent." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-non-injured-fallers-unable-to-get-up", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "47% of non-injured fallers aged 72+ (148 of 313) reported being unable to get up without help after at least one fall, over a mean 21-month follow-up in New Haven (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993).", "value": 47, "unit": "% of non-injured fallers", "display_value": "47%", "display_label": "without help after at least one fall, among community-living fallers aged 72 and over (JAMA, 1993)", "display_hook": "could not get up", "row_label": "Non-injured fallers, community 72+ (Tinetti 1993)", "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of 313 non-injured fallers, 148 (47%) reported inability to get up after at least one fall.", "locator": "Abstract, Results; Table 1", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf. Self-reported; falls with serious injury excluded from this denominator.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-non-injured-fallers-unable-to-get-up", "citation_text": "47% of non-injured fallers aged 72+ (148 of 313) reported being unable to get up without help after at least one fall, over a mean 21-month follow-up in New Haven (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993). Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-non-injured-fallers-unable-to-get-up." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-non-injurious-falls-unable-to-get-up", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Inability to get up without help was reported after 37% of non-injurious falls (220 of 596) among community-living people aged 72+ (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993).", "value": 37, "unit": "% of non-injurious falls", "display_value": "37%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Inability to get up without help was reported after 220 of 596 non-injurious falls.", "locator": "Abstract, Results; Table 1", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf. Percentage (37) is printed in Table 1 of the full text.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-non-injurious-falls-unable-to-get-up", "citation_text": "Inability to get up without help was reported after 37% of non-injurious falls (220 of 596) among community-living people aged 72+ (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993). Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-non-injurious-falls-unable-to-get-up." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-all-fallers-unable-to-get-up-including-injured", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Including falls with serious injury, 50% of all fallers (185 of 370) and 39% of all falls (259 of 660) involved inability to get up without help (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993, Table 1).", "value": 50, "unit": "% of all fallers (39% of all falls)", "display_value": "50%", "display_label": "All fallers incl. injured, community 72+ (Tinetti 1993)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Total 259/660 (39) 185/370 (50)", "locator": "Table 1 'Frequency of Inability to Get Up After Falling', row 'Total'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf. Serious-injury falls: 61% (39/64) of falls and 65% (37/57) of fallers unable to get up.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-all-fallers-unable-to-get-up-including-injured", "citation_text": "Including falls with serious injury, 50% of all fallers (185 of 370) and 39% of all falls (259 of 660) involved inability to get up without help (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993, Table 1). Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-all-fallers-unable-to-get-up-including-injured." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-non-injurious-falls-over-60-minutes-on-floor", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Only 3% of non-injurious falls among community-living people aged 72+ left the person on the floor for over 60 minutes, and 9% for over 30 minutes (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993).", "value": 3, "unit": "% of non-injurious falls with more than 60 minutes on the floor", "display_value": "3%", "display_label": "Non-injurious falls over 60 minutes, community 72+ (Tinetti 1993)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Subjects reported being on the ground or the floor for over 30 minutes after 9% of noninjurious falls and over 60 minutes after 3% of noninjurious falls.", "locator": "Results, 'Frequency of Falling and Inability to Get Up'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf. Key contrast with Fleming 2008 (15% of falls in over-90s). Younger, healthier, community-only cohort; self-report of duration.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-non-injurious-falls-over-60-minutes-on-floor", "citation_text": "Only 3% of non-injurious falls among community-living people aged 72+ left the person on the floor for over 60 minutes, and 9% for over 30 minutes (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993). Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-non-injurious-falls-over-60-minutes-on-floor." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-mean-time-on-floor-when-unable-to-get-up", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Among non-injured fallers aged 72+ who could not get up, mean time on the floor was 11.7 minutes (SD 22.0; range 1-180 minutes); for seriously injured fallers it was 19.1 minutes (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993).", "value": 11.7, "unit": "minutes (mean time on floor, non-injurious falls)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The mean length of time was 11.7 minutes (SD, ±22.0 minutes; range, 1 to 180 minutes) for fallers who did not suffer a serious injury compared with 19.1 minutes", "locator": "Results, 'Frequency of Falling and Inability to Get Up'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-mean-time-on-floor-when-unable-to-get-up", "citation_text": "Among non-injured fallers aged 72+ who could not get up, mean time on the floor was 11.7 minutes (SD 22.0; range 1-180 minutes); for seriously injured fallers it was 19.1 minutes (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993). Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-mean-time-on-floor-when-unable-to-get-up." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-cohort-share-who-fell", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "34% of 1,103 community-living people aged 72+ (370 people) experienced 660 falls over a mean 15.9 months of follow-up (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993).", "value": 34, "unit": "% of cohort who fell (mean 15.9 months)", "display_value": "34%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "During a mean follow-up time of 15.9 months (range, 1 to 21 months), 370 subjects (34%) experienced 660 falls.", "locator": "Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-cohort-share-who-fell", "citation_text": "34% of 1,103 community-living people aged 72+ (370 people) experienced 660 falls over a mean 15.9 months of follow-up (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993). Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-cohort-share-who-fell." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-one-year-death-unable-vs-able", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "One-year mortality was 11% (17) among fallers unable to get up vs 5% (9) among fallers able to get up and 6% (47) among non-fallers; the trend was not statistically significant (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993, Table 5).", "value": 11, "unit": "% died within 1 year (fell and unable to get up)", "display_value": "11%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Death 47(6) 9(5) 0.7(0.4-1.4) 17(11) 1.4(0.8-2.4)", "locator": "Table 5 'Outcome of Subjects Who Did Not Fall, Fell and Were Able to Get Up, and Fell and Were Unable to Get Up'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf. Adjusted RR 1.4 (95% CI 0.8-2.4) vs no-fall group; authors state 'results were not statistically significant'. Quote is the table row.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-one-year-death-unable-vs-able", "citation_text": "One-year mortality was 11% (17) among fallers unable to get up vs 5% (9) among fallers able to get up and 6% (47) among non-fallers; the trend was not statistically significant (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA, 1993, Table 5). Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-one-year-death-unable-vs-able." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-restates-wild-1981-as-20-percent-of-falls", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Tinetti et al. (JAMA, 1993) characterise the 1981 British study as reporting that 20% of falls resulted in a lie of more than one hour, noting those falls were reported to physicians and likely over-represent frail or injured fallers.", "value": 20, "unit": "% of falls (as restated; primary reports 20 of 125 people = 16%)", "display_value": "20%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In an early British study, 20% of falls were reported to result in a lie of greater than 1 hour.", "locator": "Introduction (reference 12 = Wild, Nayak & Isaacs 1981)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf. CONFLICT: Wild 1981 reports 20 of 125 fallers (people) = 16%; Fleming 2008 restates it as 16%. Treat Wild's raw counts as primary.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-restates-wild-1981-as-20-percent-of-falls", "citation_text": "Tinetti et al. (JAMA, 1993) characterise the 1981 British study as reporting that 20% of falls resulted in a lie of more than one hour, noting those falls were reported to physicians and likely over-represent frail or injured fallers. Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-restates-wild-1981-as-20-percent-of-falls." }, { "id": "tinetti-1993-restates-prior-studies-half-need-help-10pct-over-hour", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Tinetti et al. (JAMA, 1993) summarise two earlier prospective studies (Nevitt 1991; Campbell 1990) as finding that almost half of fallers required help getting up but only 10% of falls resulted in a lie of more than one hour.", "value": 10, "unit": "% of falls with a lie over 1 hour (as restated)", "display_value": "10%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New Haven, Connecticut, USA", "period": "Baseline 1989; mean follow-up 21 months (falls ascertained over mean 15.9 months)", "population": "Community-living residents aged 72+ able to follow simple commands and walk unassisted (Project Safety cohort)", "sample_n": 1103, "publisher": "JAMA (American Medical Association)", "source_title": "Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)", "source_url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1993-01-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Two recent studies reported that almost half of fallers required help getting up, but only 10% of falls resulted in a lie of greater than 1 hour.", "locator": "Introduction (references 10 = Nevitt, Cummings & Hudes 1991; 15 = Campbell et al. 1990)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 8416408) and the JAMA abstract page; full-text figures verified from a mirrored PDF of the article at https://baycrest.echoontario.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Predictors-and-prognosis-of-inability-to-get-up-after-falls-among-elderly-persons.pdf. CAUTION: Nevitt 1991's abstract reports 'one in ten falls left the faller unable to get up for at least 5 minutes', not >1 hour; the '10% over an hour' restatement could not be confirmed in either primary abstract (Campbell 1990 abstract is silent on time on floor).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-restates-prior-studies-half-need-help-10pct-over-hour", "citation_text": "Tinetti et al. (JAMA, 1993) summarise two earlier prospective studies (Nevitt 1991; Campbell 1990) as finding that almost half of fallers required help getting up but only 10% of falls resulted in a lie of more than one hour. Source: JAMA (American Medical Association), \"Predictors and prognosis of inability to get up after falls among elderly persons (Tinetti, Liu & Claus, JAMA 1993;269(1):65-70)\" (https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/402444). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#tinetti-1993-restates-prior-studies-half-need-help-10pct-over-hour." }, { "id": "wild-1981-home-fallers-on-floor-more-than-one-hour", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "20 of 125 people aged 65+ who fell at home (16%) remained on the floor unable to rise for more than one hour, in a six-practice Birmingham survey (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981).", "value": 16, "unit": "% of GP-notified home fallers (20 of 125)", "display_value": "16%", "display_label": "Home fallers 65+ over an hour (Wild 1981, 20 of 125)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Birmingham area, England (six general practices)", "period": "Survey of falls at home with 1-year follow-up; accepted 7 Nov 1980, published 24 Jan 1981", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell in their own homes and were notified by their general practice (biased toward injured/frail fallers, per Tinetti 1993)", "sample_n": 125, "publisher": "British Medical Journal", "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)", "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "1981-01-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Most subjects rose or were helped to their feet rapidly; but 20 remained on the floor unable to rise for more than one hour, four of these for more than six hours.", "locator": "Results (p. 267, 'Incidence' / circumstances paragraph); Abstract", "derived": true, "formula": "20 / 125 * 100 = 16.0", "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the BMJ archive PDF (text layer has spaces stripped; spaces restored in quote) and in the Europe PMC abstract (PMID 6779979, PMC1504022). Abstract wording: 'Twenty lay on the floor for more than one hour; none were known to have suffered hypothermia.' Sample skewed to injured/frail fallers notified to GPs.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-home-fallers-on-floor-more-than-one-hour", "citation_text": "20 of 125 people aged 65+ who fell at home (16%) remained on the floor unable to rise for more than one hour, in a six-practice Birmingham survey (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981). Source: British Medical Journal, \"How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)\" (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-home-fallers-on-floor-more-than-one-hour." }, { "id": "wild-1981-home-fallers-on-floor-more-than-six-hours", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "4 of 125 home fallers aged 65+ (3.2%) remained on the floor for more than six hours (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981).", "value": 3.2, "unit": "% of GP-notified home fallers (4 of 125)", "display_value": "3.2%", "display_label": "Home fallers 65+ over six hours (Wild 1981, 4 of 125)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Birmingham area, England (six general practices)", "period": "Survey of falls at home with 1-year follow-up; accepted 7 Nov 1980, published 24 Jan 1981", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell in their own homes and were notified by their general practice (biased toward injured/frail fallers, per Tinetti 1993)", "sample_n": 125, "publisher": "British Medical Journal", "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)", "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "1981-01-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "but 20 remained on the floor unable to rise for more than one hour, four of these for more than six hours. None of these had a fracture", "locator": "Results (p. 267)", "derived": true, "formula": "4 / 125 * 100 = 3.2", "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the BMJ archive PDF (text layer has spaces stripped; spaces restored in quote) and in the Europe PMC abstract (PMID 6779979, PMC1504022).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-home-fallers-on-floor-more-than-six-hours", "citation_text": "4 of 125 home fallers aged 65+ (3.2%) remained on the floor for more than six hours (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981). Source: British Medical Journal, \"How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)\" (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-home-fallers-on-floor-more-than-six-hours." }, { "id": "wild-1981-half-of-long-liers-died-within-six-months", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Half of the home fallers who lay on the floor for more than one hour died within six months of the fall (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981).", "value": 50, "unit": "% of long-lie fallers who died within 6 months", "display_value": "1 in 2", "display_label": "Lay over an hour after a fall: died within 6 months (Wild 1981, n=20)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": "Lay over an hour after a fall: died within 6 months (Wild 1981, n=20)", "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Birmingham area, England (six general practices)", "period": "Survey of falls at home with 1-year follow-up; accepted 7 Nov 1980, published 24 Jan 1981", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell in their own homes and were notified by their general practice (biased toward injured/frail fallers, per Tinetti 1993)", "sample_n": 125, "publisher": "British Medical Journal", "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)", "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "1981-01-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "while of those who lay on the floor for more than one hour, half died within six months of the fall.", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the BMJ archive PDF (text layer has spaces stripped; spaces restored in quote) and in the Europe PMC abstract (PMID 6779979, PMC1504022). The most-quoted long-lie statistic on the web; base is only 20 people. No faller was recorded as dying from a fracture or hypothermia.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-half-of-long-liers-died-within-six-months", "citation_text": "Half of the home fallers who lay on the floor for more than one hour died within six months of the fall (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981). Source: British Medical Journal, \"How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)\" (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-half-of-long-liers-died-within-six-months." }, { "id": "wild-1981-table-iv-long-lie-one-year-deaths", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "In Table IV of Wild, Nayak & Isaacs (BMJ, 1981), 11 of 20 fallers with a 'long lie' after the fall (55%) had died within one year, versus 21 of 105 without (20%).", "value": 55, "unit": "% died within 1 year (long lie), vs 20% (no long lie)", "display_value": "55%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Birmingham area, England (six general practices)", "period": "Survey of falls at home with 1-year follow-up; accepted 7 Nov 1980, published 24 Jan 1981", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell in their own homes and were notified by their general practice (biased toward injured/frail fallers, per Tinetti 1993)", "sample_n": 125, "publisher": "British Medical Journal", "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)", "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "1981-01-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "\"Long lie\" after fall: No \"long lie\" 105 21; \"Long lie\" 20 11", "locator": "Table IV 'Factors associated with excess mortality in fallers'", "derived": true, "formula": "11/20*100 = 55.0; 21/105*100 = 20.0", "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the BMJ archive PDF (text layer has spaces stripped; spaces restored in quote) and in the Europe PMC abstract (PMID 6779979, PMC1504022). Table also shows previous fall with a 'long lie': none 107 (23 died), one 11 (5 died), more than one 5 (4 died).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-table-iv-long-lie-one-year-deaths", "citation_text": "In Table IV of Wild, Nayak & Isaacs (BMJ, 1981), 11 of 20 fallers with a 'long lie' after the fall (55%) had died within one year, versus 21 of 105 without (20%). Source: British Medical Journal, \"How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)\" (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-table-iv-long-lie-one-year-deaths." }, { "id": "wild-1981-one-year-mortality-fallers-vs-controls", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "One quarter of 125 home fallers aged 65+ (32) died within one year, five times the number in an age- and sex-matched control group (8) (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981).", "value": 25, "unit": "% of fallers dead within 1 year (vs 6.4% of controls)", "display_value": "25%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": "All home fallers 65+: died within a year, 5x matched controls (Wild 1981, n=125)", "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Birmingham area, England (six general practices)", "period": "Survey of falls at home with 1-year follow-up; accepted 7 Nov 1980, published 24 Jan 1981", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell in their own homes and were notified by their general practice (biased toward injured/frail fallers, per Tinetti 1993)", "sample_n": 125, "publisher": "British Medical Journal", "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)", "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "1981-01-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "At the end of one year 32 fallers, a quarter of the series, had died compared with eight controls.", "locator": "Results, 'Mortality'; Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the BMJ archive PDF (text layer has spaces stripped; spaces restored in quote) and in the Europe PMC abstract (PMID 6779979, PMC1504022). Framing/consequence stat; 8/125 controls = 6.4% (derived).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-one-year-mortality-fallers-vs-controls", "citation_text": "One quarter of 125 home fallers aged 65+ (32) died within one year, five times the number in an age- and sex-matched control group (8) (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981). Source: British Medical Journal, \"How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)\" (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-one-year-mortality-fallers-vs-controls." }, { "id": "wild-1981-home-fallers-living-alone", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Half of the 125 home fallers aged 65+ lived alone and one fifth lived with an aged spouse only (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981).", "value": 50, "unit": "% of fallers living alone", "display_value": "50%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Birmingham area, England (six general practices)", "period": "Survey of falls at home with 1-year follow-up; accepted 7 Nov 1980, published 24 Jan 1981", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell in their own homes and were notified by their general practice (biased toward injured/frail fallers, per Tinetti 1993)", "sample_n": 125, "publisher": "British Medical Journal", "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)", "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "1981-01-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Half of the fallers lived alone and one-fifth lived with an aged spouse only.", "locator": "Results, 'Social circumstances'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the BMJ archive PDF (text layer has spaces stripped; spaces restored in quote) and in the Europe PMC abstract (PMID 6779979, PMC1504022).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-home-fallers-living-alone", "citation_text": "Half of the 125 home fallers aged 65+ lived alone and one fifth lived with an aged spouse only (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981). Source: British Medical Journal, \"How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)\" (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-home-fallers-living-alone." }, { "id": "wild-1981-call-alarm-and-telephone-use-after-falling", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Only 10 of 125 home fallers had an alarm system; of nine with a call system, two used it successfully, one tried and failed and six made no attempt; no faller used the telephone after falling (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981).", "value": 6, "unit": "of 9 fallers with a call system who made no attempt to use it", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Birmingham area, England (six general practices)", "period": "Survey of falls at home with 1-year follow-up; accepted 7 Nov 1980, published 24 Jan 1981", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell in their own homes and were notified by their general practice (biased toward injured/frail fallers, per Tinetti 1993)", "sample_n": 125, "publisher": "British Medical Journal", "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)", "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "1981-01-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Of the nine fallers with a call system, two used it successfully, one attempted unsuccessfully to use it, and the other six made no attempt to use it.", "locator": "Results, 'Social circumstances'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the BMJ archive PDF (text layer has spaces stripped; spaces restored in quote) and in the Europe PMC abstract (PMID 6779979, PMC1504022). Discussion: 'Telephones and alarm devices were unsuccessful in drawing attention to their plight.' Half of fallers had a telephone in the house.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-call-alarm-and-telephone-use-after-falling", "citation_text": "Only 10 of 125 home fallers had an alarm system; of nine with a call system, two used it successfully, one tried and failed and six made no attempt; no faller used the telephone after falling (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ, 1981). Source: British Medical Journal, \"How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)\" (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-call-alarm-and-telephone-use-after-falling." }, { "id": "wild-1981-earliest-verified-print-use-of-term-long-lie", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "The earliest print use of the term 'long lie' that could be verified is Wild, Nayak & Isaacs (BMJ, 24 January 1981), which puts the phrase in quotation marks in Table IV and operationalises it as remaining on the floor unable to rise for more than one hour.", "value": 1981, "unit": "year of earliest verified use", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Birmingham area, England (six general practices)", "period": "Survey of falls at home with 1-year follow-up; accepted 7 Nov 1980, published 24 Jan 1981", "population": "People aged 65+ who fell in their own homes and were notified by their general practice (biased toward injured/frail fallers, per Tinetti 1993)", "sample_n": 125, "publisher": "British Medical Journal", "source_title": "How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)", "source_url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "1981-01-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "\"Long lie\" after fall: No \"long lie\" 105 21; \"Long lie\" 20 11", "locator": "Table IV (p. 267) and Results paragraph defining the >1 hour group", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the BMJ archive PDF (text layer has spaces stripped; spaces restored in quote) and in the Europe PMC abstract (PMID 6779979, PMC1504022). Europe PMC's earliest indexed record matching 'long lie' AND falls is this paper; Kubitza 2023's scoping review makes no attribution of origin; Holland 2025 finds no universal definition. Senior author Bernard Isaacs (Birmingham) coined the 'geriatric giants'. The one-hour threshold traces to this paper's '>1 hour' cut; later authors (Tinetti 1993, Lord 2001, NICE/NIHR) adopt it.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-earliest-verified-print-use-of-term-long-lie", "citation_text": "The earliest print use of the term 'long lie' that could be verified is Wild, Nayak & Isaacs (BMJ, 24 January 1981), which puts the phrase in quotation marks in Table IV and operationalises it as remaining on the floor unable to rise for more than one hour. Source: British Medical Journal, \"How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (Wild, Nayak & Isaacs, BMJ 1981;282:266-268)\" (https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/282/6260/266.full.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#wild-1981-earliest-verified-print-use-of-term-long-lie." }, { "id": "nevitt-1991-falls-leaving-faller-unable-to-get-up-5-minutes", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "One in ten of 539 falls among 325 community-dwelling previous fallers left the person unable to get up for at least 5 minutes, and one in four falls led to activity limitation (Nevitt, Cummings & Hudes, J Gerontol, 1991).", "value": 10, "unit": "% of falls (unable to get up for at least 5 minutes)", "display_value": "10%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco Bay Area, California, USA", "period": "1 year of weekly follow-up (published Sept 1991)", "population": "Community-dwelling people aged 60+ who had fallen in the previous year (previous fallers; mean age 70.3)", "sample_n": 325, "publisher": "Journal of Gerontology (Gerontological Society of America)", "source_title": "Risk factors for injurious falls: a prospective study (Nevitt, Cummings & Hudes, J Gerontol 1991;46(5):M164-M170)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/46.5.m164", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1991-09", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "One in ten falls left the faller unable to get up for at least 5 minutes, and one in four falls caused subjects to limit their activities.", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified verbatim via Europe PMC REST (PMID 1890282). 5-minute threshold, per-fall denominator, previous-faller cohort - not comparable to 1-hour long-lie figures. Only 6% of falls caused major injury; 55% minor soft-tissue injury.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nevitt-1991-falls-leaving-faller-unable-to-get-up-5-minutes", "citation_text": "One in ten of 539 falls among 325 community-dwelling previous fallers left the person unable to get up for at least 5 minutes, and one in four falls led to activity limitation (Nevitt, Cummings & Hudes, J Gerontol, 1991). Source: Journal of Gerontology (Gerontological Society of America), \"Risk factors for injurious falls: a prospective study (Nevitt, Cummings & Hudes, J Gerontol 1991;46(5):M164-M170)\" (https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/46.5.m164). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#nevitt-1991-falls-leaving-faller-unable-to-get-up-5-minutes." }, { "id": "ryynanen-1992-finland-lay-15-minutes-or-more-after-fall", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "12% of men and 19% of women aged 65+ who sought medical attention after a fall in Finland lay where they fell for 15 minutes or more (Ryynänen et al., Z Gerontol, 1992).", "value": 19, "unit": "% of women fallers (12% of men) lying 15 min or more", "display_value": "19%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Finland", "period": "Early 1990s (year of data not stated in abstract)", "population": "People aged 65+ who sought medical attention after a fall", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Zeitschrift für Gerontologie", "source_title": "Falls and lying helpless in the elderly (Ryynänen, Kivelä, Honkanen & Laippala, Z Gerontol 1992;25(4):278-282)", "source_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1413966", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1992-07", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Twelve percent of men and 19% of women aged 65 years and over who sought medical attention after a fall, lie where they fell for 15 min or more after falling.", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified verbatim via Europe PMC REST (PMID 1413966). Sample size and study years not in abstract; full text not accessed. Cited by Kubitza 2023 as the study using a 15-minute threshold. Lying helpless was independently associated with high body temperature, low serum potassium and severe injury.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ryynanen-1992-finland-lay-15-minutes-or-more-after-fall", "citation_text": "12% of men and 19% of women aged 65+ who sought medical attention after a fall in Finland lay where they fell for 15 minutes or more (Ryynänen et al., Z Gerontol, 1992). Source: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie, \"Falls and lying helpless in the elderly (Ryynänen, Kivelä, Honkanen & Laippala, Z Gerontol 1992;25(4):278-282)\" (https://europepmc.org/article/MED/1413966). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ryynanen-1992-finland-lay-15-minutes-or-more-after-fall." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-events-in-12-weeks", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "San Francisco paramedics identified 387 events in which 367 people were found helpless or dead in their homes over 12 weeks (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 387, "unit": "events in 12 weeks (367 persons)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12-week paramedic surveillance period (study published June 1996)", "population": "Persons found alone in their homes helpless or dead (all ages; median age 73; rates reported for ages 60+)", "sample_n": 367, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead (Gurley, Lum, Sande, Lo & Katz, NEJM 1996;334:1710-1716)", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Over 12 weeks, paramedics employed by the city of San Francisco identified 387 such events involving 367 persons.", "locator": "Abstract, Methods", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified verbatim via Europe PMC REST (PMID 8637517); nejm.org returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. Not all events were falls ('incapacitated and unable to get help'); weakness/inability to get up and falls were the main precipitants. Median age 73; 51% women.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-events-in-12-weeks", "citation_text": "San Francisco paramedics identified 387 events in which 367 people were found helpless or dead in their homes over 12 weeks (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead (Gurley, Lum, Sande, Lo & Katz, NEJM 1996;334:1710-1716)\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-events-in-12-weeks." }, { "id": "gurley-1996-mortality-by-time-helpless", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Total mortality was 67% for people estimated to have been helpless for more than 72 hours versus 12% for those helpless for under 1 hour; overall mortality was 28% (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996).", "value": 67, "unit": "% total mortality (helpless >72 h) vs 12% (<1 h)", "display_value": "12% to 67%", "display_label": "death rate when found helpless at home within 1 hour vs after more than 72 hours (any cause)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "San Francisco, California, USA", "period": "12-week paramedic surveillance period (study published June 1996)", "population": "Persons found alone in their homes helpless or dead (all ages; median age 73; rates reported for ages 60+)", "sample_n": 367, "publisher": "New England Journal of Medicine", "source_title": "Persons found in their homes helpless or dead (Gurley, Lum, Sande, Lo & Katz, NEJM 1996;334:1710-1716)", "source_url": "https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "1996-06-27", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The total mortality was 67 percent for patients who were estimated to have been helpless for more than 72 hours, as compared with 12 percent for those who had been helpless for less than 1 hour.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified verbatim via Europe PMC REST (PMID 8637517); nejm.org returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher. Not all events were falls ('incapacitated and unable to get help'); weakness/inability to get up and falls were the main precipitants. 23% were found dead and 5% died in hospital (total 28%). Of survivors, 62% could not return to independent living.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-mortality-by-time-helpless", "citation_text": "Total mortality was 67% for people estimated to have been helpless for more than 72 hours versus 12% for those helpless for under 1 hour; overall mortality was 28% (Gurley et al., NEJM, 1996). Source: New England Journal of Medicine, \"Persons found in their homes helpless or dead (Gurley, Lum, Sande, Lo & Katz, NEJM 1996;334:1710-1716)\" (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199606273342606). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gurley-1996-mortality-by-time-helpless." }, { "id": "simpson-2014-nsw-ambulance-long-lies-13-percent", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Long lies (more than 60 minutes on the ground) occurred in 13% of 1,610 emergency ambulance cases for people aged 65+ who had fallen in New South Wales, with a median response time of 15 minutes (Simpson et al., Prehosp Emerg Care, 2014).", "value": 13, "unit": "% of ambulance-attended fall cases (>60 min on ground)", "display_value": "13%", "display_label": "Ambulance-attended fallers 65+ over 60 minutes (Simpson 2014, NSW)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New South Wales, Australia (Ambulance Service of NSW)", "period": "1 Oct 2010 - 30 Jun 2011", "population": "People aged 65+ who had fallen and called an emergency ambulance", "sample_n": 1610, "publisher": "Prehospital Emergency Care (Taylor & Francis)", "source_title": "Epidemiology of emergency medical service responses to older people who have fallen: a prospective cohort study (Simpson, Bendall, Tiedemann, Lord & Close, Prehosp Emerg Care 2014;18(2):185-194)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2013.856504", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2014-01-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The median response time was 15 minutes (IQR 10-24) and \"long-lies\" (>60 minutes on the ground) occurred in 13% of cases.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified verbatim via Europe PMC REST (PMID 24401155). Ambulance-attended fallers only; time on ground relies on patient/clinician report. 61% female, 82% community-dwelling, 28% not transported. Authors: 'long-lies are relatively uncommon' in this setting.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#simpson-2014-nsw-ambulance-long-lies-13-percent", "citation_text": "Long lies (more than 60 minutes on the ground) occurred in 13% of 1,610 emergency ambulance cases for people aged 65+ who had fallen in New South Wales, with a median response time of 15 minutes (Simpson et al., Prehosp Emerg Care, 2014). Source: Prehospital Emergency Care (Taylor & Francis), \"Epidemiology of emergency medical service responses to older people who have fallen: a prospective cohort study (Simpson, Bendall, Tiedemann, Lord & Close, Prehosp Emerg Care 2014;18(2):185-194)\" (https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2013.856504). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#simpson-2014-nsw-ambulance-long-lies-13-percent." }, { "id": "simpson-2014-still-on-floor-at-ambulance-arrival", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Just over 53% of older people attended by ambulance after a fall in NSW were still on the floor when the ambulance arrived (Simpson et al. 2014, as restated by Blackburn et al., Int Emerg Nurs, 2022).", "value": 53, "unit": "% of ambulance-attended fallers still on the floor at arrival", "display_value": "53%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "New South Wales, Australia", "period": "1 Oct 2010 - 30 Jun 2011 (Simpson cohort), as restated in a 2022 review", "population": "People aged 65+ who had fallen and called an emergency ambulance (n=1,610)", "sample_n": 1610, "publisher": "International Emergency Nursing (Elsevier) - author manuscript via QUT ePrints", "source_title": "Exploring the impact of experiencing a long lie fall on physical and clinical outcomes in older people requiring an ambulance: a systematic review (Blackburn, Ousey, Stephenson & Lui, Int Emerg Nurs 2022;62:101148) - restating Simpson et al. 2014", "source_url": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/240265/1/133484828.pdf", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-03-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "found that just over 53% of patients were still on the floor when the ambulance arrived. Due to the quick ambulance response time, only 13% of these patients experienced a \"long-lie\".", "locator": "Introduction (author-accepted manuscript, p. 4)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "The 53% figure is from Simpson 2014's full text (paywalled); verified only in this secondary restatement. Note the review's phrasing implies 13% of those on the floor, whereas Simpson's abstract says 13% of all 1,610 cases.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#simpson-2014-still-on-floor-at-ambulance-arrival", "citation_text": "Just over 53% of older people attended by ambulance after a fall in NSW were still on the floor when the ambulance arrived (Simpson et al. 2014, as restated by Blackburn et al., Int Emerg Nurs, 2022). Source: International Emergency Nursing (Elsevier) - author manuscript via QUT ePrints, \"Exploring the impact of experiencing a long lie fall on physical and clinical outcomes in older people requiring an ambulance: a systematic review (Blackburn, Ousey, Stephenson & Lui, Int Emerg Nurs 2022;62:101148) - restating Simpson et al. 2014\" (https://eprints.qut.edu.au/240265/1/133484828.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#simpson-2014-still-on-floor-at-ambulance-arrival." }, { "id": "scott-2020-northern-ireland-ambulance-long-lie-share", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "In 41.1% of referred older fallers with a documented fall time (23 of 56), an hour or more had elapsed between the fall and ambulance arrival, in a Northern Ireland ambulance cohort (Scott, Br Paramed J, 2020).", "value": 41.1, "unit": "% of referred fallers with documented times (long lie = ≥1 h to ambulance arrival)", "display_value": "41%", "display_label": "Referred fallers with documented fall time, an hour or more before ambulance arrival (Scott 2020, n=56)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "South Eastern division, Northern Ireland Ambulance Service, UK", "period": "1 Jul - 30 Sep 2017", "population": "Service users aged 65+ who fell and were referred by paramedics to a falls prevention service (75 of 1,079 fall incidents); long-lie share computed among 56 with documented onset time", "sample_n": 75, "publisher": "British Paramedic Journal (College of Paramedics)", "source_title": "Re-contact rates with a UK ambulance service following paramedic referral to a falls prevention service for those aged ≥65 years: a retrospective cohort study (Scott, Br Paramed J 2020;5(2):18-25)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.29045/14784726.2020.09.5.2.18", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-09-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 41.1% (n = 23) of these cases, an hour had elapsed between the time of the fall and the arrival of an ambulance.", "locator": "Results, 'Long lies' (full text via Europe PMC PMC7783949)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC7783949). Small, selected sub-cohort (referred, non-conveyed patients) in a 3-month window; 1,079 fall calls for over-65s in the period. 78.2% (18) of long-lie patients re-contacted within 6 months vs 60.6% (20/33) of those who waited under an hour.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#scott-2020-northern-ireland-ambulance-long-lie-share", "citation_text": "In 41.1% of referred older fallers with a documented fall time (23 of 56), an hour or more had elapsed between the fall and ambulance arrival, in a Northern Ireland ambulance cohort (Scott, Br Paramed J, 2020). Source: British Paramedic Journal (College of Paramedics), \"Re-contact rates with a UK ambulance service following paramedic referral to a falls prevention service for those aged ≥65 years: a retrospective cohort study (Scott, Br Paramed J 2020;5(2):18-25)\" (https://doi.org/10.29045/14784726.2020.09.5.2.18). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#scott-2020-northern-ireland-ambulance-long-lie-share." }, { "id": "bisson-2015-multiple-sclerosis-long-lie-share", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Among 322 people with multiple sclerosis aged 55+, 27.6% lay on the floor for 10 minutes or more after their most recent fall and 4.7% (15) had a long lie of more than one hour (Bisson et al., Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2015).", "value": 4.7, "unit": "% of fallers with a long lie >1 h (27.6% ≥10 min)", "display_value": "4.7%", "display_label": "People with multiple sclerosis aged 55+, long lie after most recent fall (Bisson 2015)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States and Canada (NARCOMS registry)", "period": "Cross-sectional survey, data collected c. 2012-13; published 2015", "population": "Community-dwelling people with multiple sclerosis aged 55+ who provided a fall story (not a general older-adult population)", "sample_n": 322, "publisher": "Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Elsevier)", "source_title": "Delayed initial recovery and long lie after a fall among middle-aged and older people with multiple sclerosis (Bisson, Peterson & Finlayson, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015;96(8):1499-1505)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2015.04.012", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2015-04-28", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A total of 89 (27.6%) of 322 fallers reported delayed IR; 15 (4.7%) of them reported a long lie.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified verbatim via Europe PMC REST (PMID 25933915). Disease-specific population; 'most recent fall' self-report. Included because it is one of the few studies reporting both a 10-minute and a 1-hour threshold.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#bisson-2015-multiple-sclerosis-long-lie-share", "citation_text": "Among 322 people with multiple sclerosis aged 55+, 27.6% lay on the floor for 10 minutes or more after their most recent fall and 4.7% (15) had a long lie of more than one hour (Bisson et al., Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2015). Source: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Elsevier), \"Delayed initial recovery and long lie after a fall among middle-aged and older people with multiple sclerosis (Bisson, Peterson & Finlayson, Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2015;96(8):1499-1505)\" (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2015.04.012). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#bisson-2015-multiple-sclerosis-long-lie-share." }, { "id": "kubitza-2022-more-than-half-living-alone-cannot-get-up-or-get-help", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "A 2022 BMC Geriatrics scoping review states that after a fall, more than half of older people living alone are unable to get up or get help independently (citing Simpson 2014, Tinetti 1993 and Vellas 1987).", "value": 50, "unit": "% (more than half) of older people living alone, after a fall", "display_value": "50%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (review; included studies from 5 countries)", "period": "Literature to 2021 (published 2022)", "population": "Older people affected by a long lie after a fall (scoping review of therapy options; 19 publications)", "sample_n": 19, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature)", "source_title": "Therapy options for those affected by a long lie after a fall: a scoping review (Kubitza, Haas, Keppeler & Reuschenbach, BMC Geriatr 2022;22:582)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03258-2", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-15", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "After a fall, more than half of older people living alone are unable to get up or get help independently", "locator": "Background, first paragraph (refs 2-4)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC9284880 (link.springer.com redirected the fetcher to a cookie gate). Review synthesis, not a measured figure; the cited primaries give 47% (Tinetti, non-injured fallers) and 53% on floor at ambulance arrival (Simpson).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2022-more-than-half-living-alone-cannot-get-up-or-get-help", "citation_text": "A 2022 BMC Geriatrics scoping review states that after a fall, more than half of older people living alone are unable to get up or get help independently (citing Simpson 2014, Tinetti 1993 and Vellas 1987). Source: BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature), \"Therapy options for those affected by a long lie after a fall: a scoping review (Kubitza, Haas, Keppeler & Reuschenbach, BMC Geriatr 2022;22:582)\" (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03258-2). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2022-more-than-half-living-alone-cannot-get-up-or-get-help." }, { "id": "kubitza-2022-one-in-eight-fallers-over-an-hour", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "A 2022 BMC Geriatrics scoping review states that one in eight older people who fall report lying on the floor for more than an hour (citing Simpson 2014 and Vellas 1987).", "value": 12.5, "unit": "% of older fallers (one in eight)", "display_value": "1 in 8", "display_label": "Older fallers over an hour, review estimate (Kubitza 2022)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (review; included studies from 5 countries)", "period": "Literature to 2021 (published 2022)", "population": "Older people affected by a long lie after a fall (scoping review of therapy options; 19 publications)", "sample_n": 19, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature)", "source_title": "Therapy options for those affected by a long lie after a fall: a scoping review (Kubitza, Haas, Keppeler & Reuschenbach, BMC Geriatr 2022;22:582)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03258-2", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-15", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "One in eight older individuals who fall report lying on the floor for more than an hour", "locator": "Background (refs 2, 4)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC9284880 (link.springer.com redirected the fetcher to a cookie gate). CONFLICT with the UK 'one in five' framing (Sheffield/NIHR). One in eight ≈ Simpson's 13% of ambulance-attended cases, which is not the same denominator as 'older individuals who fall'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2022-one-in-eight-fallers-over-an-hour", "citation_text": "A 2022 BMC Geriatrics scoping review states that one in eight older people who fall report lying on the floor for more than an hour (citing Simpson 2014 and Vellas 1987). Source: BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature), \"Therapy options for those affected by a long lie after a fall: a scoping review (Kubitza, Haas, Keppeler & Reuschenbach, BMC Geriatr 2022;22:582)\" (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03258-2). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2022-one-in-eight-fallers-over-an-hour." }, { "id": "kubitza-2022-half-of-over-65-fallers-found-on-floor-by-rescue-services", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "A 2022 BMC Geriatrics scoping review states that half of people over 65 who fall are found on the floor by rescue services (citing Simpson 2014 and Tinetti 1993).", "value": 50, "unit": "% of over-65 fallers (as stated by the review)", "display_value": "50%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (review; included studies from 5 countries)", "period": "Literature to 2021 (published 2022)", "population": "Older people affected by a long lie after a fall (scoping review of therapy options; 19 publications)", "sample_n": 19, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature)", "source_title": "Therapy options for those affected by a long lie after a fall: a scoping review (Kubitza, Haas, Keppeler & Reuschenbach, BMC Geriatr 2022;22:582)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03258-2", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-15", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Half of those over 65 years of age who fall are found on the floor by rescue services", "locator": "Background (refs 2-3)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC9284880 (link.springer.com redirected the fetcher to a cookie gate). Appears to generalise Simpson 2014's 53% (of ambulance-attended fallers still on the floor at arrival) to all fallers; use with caution.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2022-half-of-over-65-fallers-found-on-floor-by-rescue-services", "citation_text": "A 2022 BMC Geriatrics scoping review states that half of people over 65 who fall are found on the floor by rescue services (citing Simpson 2014 and Tinetti 1993). Source: BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature), \"Therapy options for those affected by a long lie after a fall: a scoping review (Kubitza, Haas, Keppeler & Reuschenbach, BMC Geriatr 2022;22:582)\" (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03258-2). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2022-half-of-over-65-fallers-found-on-floor-by-rescue-services." }, { "id": "kubitza-2022-vellas-70-percent-care-dependent-problems-getting-up", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "A 2022 BMC Geriatrics scoping review states that among people in need of care, 70% of those who fell already had problems getting up (citing Vellas et al., Age Ageing, 1987).", "value": 70, "unit": "% of care-dependent fallers with problems getting up", "display_value": "70%", "display_label": "Care-dependent fallers with problems getting up (Vellas 1987 via Kubitza 2022)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (review; included studies from 5 countries)", "period": "Literature to 2021 (published 2022)", "population": "Older people affected by a long lie after a fall (scoping review of therapy options; 19 publications)", "sample_n": 19, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature)", "source_title": "Therapy options for those affected by a long lie after a fall: a scoping review (Kubitza, Haas, Keppeler & Reuschenbach, BMC Geriatr 2022;22:582)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03258-2", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-15", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Among persons in need of care, 70% of those who fell already had problems getting up", "locator": "Background (ref 4 = Vellas B et al. Age Ageing 1987;16:189-193)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC9284880 (link.springer.com redirected the fetcher to a cookie gate). Primary (Vellas 1987) is paywalled at OUP and its abstract does not contain this figure; verified only at the review.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2022-vellas-70-percent-care-dependent-problems-getting-up", "citation_text": "A 2022 BMC Geriatrics scoping review states that among people in need of care, 70% of those who fell already had problems getting up (citing Vellas et al., Age Ageing, 1987). Source: BMC Geriatrics (Springer Nature), \"Therapy options for those affected by a long lie after a fall: a scoping review (Kubitza, Haas, Keppeler & Reuschenbach, BMC Geriatr 2022;22:582)\" (https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03258-2). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2022-vellas-70-percent-care-dependent-problems-getting-up." }, { "id": "kubitza-2023-78-percent-of-over-65-fallers-need-help-to-get-up", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "A 2023 scoping review on the concept of the long lie states that 78% of people aged 65+ who fall need help to get up from the floor (citing Johnston et al. 2010, an Australian ambulance audit).", "value": 78, "unit": "% of over-65 fallers needing help to get up (as cited)", "display_value": "78%", "display_label": "Fallers 65+ needing help to get up, ambulance-attended (Johnston 2010 via Kubitza 2023)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (scoping review; 22 papers)", "period": "Literature search to 2022 (published 2023)", "population": "Studies using the term 'long lie' (or equivalents) after a fall, mostly in older adults", "sample_n": 22, "publisher": "European Review of Aging and Physical Activity (Springer Nature)", "source_title": "Concept of the term long lie: a scoping review (Kubitza, Schneider & Reuschenbach, Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023;20:16)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-023-00326-3", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-08-29", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "78% of individuals aged 65 years and older who fall need help to get up from the floor", "locator": "Background (ref 6)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC10463813. Primary (Johnston K et al., Australasian Journal of Paramedicine 2010;8(4), DOI 10.33151/ajp.8.4.86) is behind a Cloudflare gate at Sage and could not be fetched; the figure is likely drawn from ambulance-attended fallers, not all fallers.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2023-78-percent-of-over-65-fallers-need-help-to-get-up", "citation_text": "A 2023 scoping review on the concept of the long lie states that 78% of people aged 65+ who fall need help to get up from the floor (citing Johnston et al. 2010, an Australian ambulance audit). Source: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity (Springer Nature), \"Concept of the term long lie: a scoping review (Kubitza, Schneider & Reuschenbach, Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023;20:16)\" (https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-023-00326-3). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2023-78-percent-of-over-65-fallers-need-help-to-get-up." }, { "id": "kubitza-2023-definitions-and-time-thresholds-across-22-studies", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Across 22 papers using the term 'long lie', only 8 set a specific time criterion - 5 used one hour or longer, and one each used 5, 10 and 15 minutes - while 7 used vague durations and 5 set no time limit; in total 2,805 people were unable to get up and 1,121 were affected by a long lie (Kubitza et al., Eur Rev Aging Phys Act, 2023).", "value": 5, "unit": "of 22 included studies using a ≥1 hour threshold", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (scoping review; 22 papers)", "period": "Literature search to 2022 (published 2023)", "population": "Studies using the term 'long lie' (or equivalents) after a fall, mostly in older adults", "sample_n": 22, "publisher": "European Review of Aging and Physical Activity (Springer Nature)", "source_title": "Concept of the term long lie: a scoping review (Kubitza, Schneider & Reuschenbach, Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023;20:16)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-023-00326-3", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-08-29", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2805 people were unable to get up from the floor and 1121 people were affected by a long lie", "locator": "Results; Table 2 'Summary of relevant studies (N = 22)'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML of PMC10463813. 921 records screened, 73 full texts, 22 included. Threshold counts: ≥1 h [refs 20, 27, 28, 37, 38]; 5 min [26]; 10 min [23]; 15 min [36]. The review makes NO statement about who coined the term or where the one-hour threshold originated.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2023-definitions-and-time-thresholds-across-22-studies", "citation_text": "Across 22 papers using the term 'long lie', only 8 set a specific time criterion - 5 used one hour or longer, and one each used 5, 10 and 15 minutes - while 7 used vague durations and 5 set no time limit; in total 2,805 people were unable to get up and 1,121 were affected by a long lie (Kubitza et al., Eur Rev Aging Phys Act, 2023). Source: European Review of Aging and Physical Activity (Springer Nature), \"Concept of the term long lie: a scoping review (Kubitza, Schneider & Reuschenbach, Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023;20:16)\" (https://doi.org/10.1186/s11556-023-00326-3). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kubitza-2023-definitions-and-time-thresholds-across-22-studies." }, { "id": "holland-2025-no-universal-definition-six-articles", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "A 2025 systematic review found only six articles on long lies after falls in 45 years of English-language literature and concluded there is no universal definition of a long lie, even though responders are encouraged to convey to hospital anyone on the floor for an hour or more (Holland & Watkins-Webb, Nursing Older People, 2025).", "value": 6, "unit": "articles identified", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (English-language literature, 45 years)", "period": "Search August 2024; published 29 May 2025", "population": "Adults 18+ who had a fall and a long lie (systematic literature review for pre-hospital services)", "sample_n": 6, "publisher": "Nursing Older People (RCN Publishing)", "source_title": "Exploring the concept of a 'long lie' after a fall to inform clinical pathways in pre-hospital services: a systematic literature review (Holland & Watkins-Webb, Nurs Older People 2025;37(4):20-26)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.7748/nop.2025.e1505", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "abstract-only", "published_at": "2025-05-29", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "there is no universal definition of what constitutes a long lie or recognition of the effect it can have on physical or psychological well-being", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified verbatim via Europe PMC REST (PMID 40437966). Also: 'ambulance and community first responders are encouraged to convey to hospital patients who have been on the floor for one hour or more'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#holland-2025-no-universal-definition-six-articles", "citation_text": "A 2025 systematic review found only six articles on long lies after falls in 45 years of English-language literature and concluded there is no universal definition of a long lie, even though responders are encouraged to convey to hospital anyone on the floor for an hour or more (Holland & Watkins-Webb, Nursing Older People, 2025). Source: Nursing Older People (RCN Publishing), \"Exploring the concept of a 'long lie' after a fall to inform clinical pathways in pre-hospital services: a systematic literature review (Holland & Watkins-Webb, Nurs Older People 2025;37(4):20-26)\" (https://doi.org/10.7748/nop.2025.e1505). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#holland-2025-no-universal-definition-six-articles." }, { "id": "blackburn-2022-four-studies-long-lies-relatively-uncommon", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "A 2022 systematic review of long lies in ambulance-attended older people found only four eligible cohort studies out of 70 identified and concluded that long lies were relatively uncommon in that setting because of rapid ambulance response (Blackburn et al., Int Emerg Nurs, 2022).", "value": 4, "unit": "cohort studies included (of 70 identified)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (UK, Australia; ambulance-attended older fallers)", "period": "Literature to 2021; published March 2022", "population": "People aged 65+ with a long lie (≥1 h) cared for by ambulance services", "sample_n": 4, "publisher": "International Emergency Nursing (Elsevier)", "source_title": "Exploring the impact of experiencing a long lie fall on physical and clinical outcomes in older people requiring an ambulance: a systematic review (Blackburn, Ousey, Stephenson & Lui, Int Emerg Nurs 2022;62:101148)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101148", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-03-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "70 studies were identified. Nine studies were suitable for full review. Four studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included.", "locator": "Abstract, Results; author manuscript 'Prevalence of long lie' section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC (PMID 35245728); author-accepted manuscript read at https://eprints.qut.edu.au/240265/1/133484828.pdf. Also notes personal-alarm use was infrequent in two studies.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#blackburn-2022-four-studies-long-lies-relatively-uncommon", "citation_text": "A 2022 systematic review of long lies in ambulance-attended older people found only four eligible cohort studies out of 70 identified and concluded that long lies were relatively uncommon in that setting because of rapid ambulance response (Blackburn et al., Int Emerg Nurs, 2022). Source: International Emergency Nursing (Elsevier), \"Exploring the impact of experiencing a long lie fall on physical and clinical outcomes in older people requiring an ambulance: a systematic review (Blackburn, Ousey, Stephenson & Lui, Int Emerg Nurs 2022;62:101148)\" (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2022.101148). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#blackburn-2022-four-studies-long-lies-relatively-uncommon." }, { "id": "kuczawski-2026-protocol-one-in-five-fallers-remain-on-floor-over-an-hour", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "The published protocol of the NIHR Long Lies Study (Kuczawski et al., NIHR Open Research, 2026) states that around one in three adults over 65 fall each year and about one in five of these remain on the floor for over an hour.", "value": 20, "unit": "% of adults over 65 who fall (one in five) remaining on the floor over an hour", "display_value": "1 in 5", "display_label": "of adults over 65 who fall, unable to get up (NIHR Long Lies Study, 2026)", "display_hook": "stay on the floor over an hour", "row_label": "Adults 65+ who fall and remain over an hour, UK framing (NIHR Long Lies Study protocol 2026)", "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom (Yorkshire Ambulance Service region for quantitative data)", "period": "Protocol published 25 Feb 2026; data 2024-2026", "population": "Patients who have a long lie after a fall (study protocol; background statistics on older adults)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NIHR Open Research (National Institute for Health and Care Research)", "source_title": "Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol (Kuczawski, Sampson, Cotterill et al., NIHR Open Res 2026;6:19)", "source_url": "https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-02-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Around one in three adults over 65 fall each year, and about one in five of these remain on the floor for over an hour.", "locator": "Plain language summary", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "No citation attached to this sentence in the plain-language summary; the Introduction cites refs 9-11 (Blackburn 2022; Kubitza 2022; Fleming 2008) for the definition. Abstract: UK falls cost the NHS an estimated £2.3 billion per year.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kuczawski-2026-protocol-one-in-five-fallers-remain-on-floor-over-an-hour", "citation_text": "The published protocol of the NIHR Long Lies Study (Kuczawski et al., NIHR Open Research, 2026) states that around one in three adults over 65 fall each year and about one in five of these remain on the floor for over an hour. Source: NIHR Open Research (National Institute for Health and Care Research), \"Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol (Kuczawski, Sampson, Cotterill et al., NIHR Open Res 2026;6:19)\" (https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kuczawski-2026-protocol-one-in-five-fallers-remain-on-floor-over-an-hour." }, { "id": "kuczawski-2026-definition-of-long-lie-over-an-hour", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "The NIHR Long Lies Study protocol defines a long lie as a person being unable to get up and remaining on the floor for over an hour (Kuczawski et al., NIHR Open Research, 2026, citing Blackburn 2022, Kubitza 2022 and Fleming 2008).", "value": 1, "unit": "hour (threshold)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom (Yorkshire Ambulance Service region for quantitative data)", "period": "Protocol published 25 Feb 2026; data 2024-2026", "population": "Patients who have a long lie after a fall (study protocol; background statistics on older adults)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NIHR Open Research (National Institute for Health and Care Research)", "source_title": "Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol (Kuczawski, Sampson, Cotterill et al., NIHR Open Res 2026;6:19)", "source_url": "https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-02-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "generally recognised as a person being unable to get up and remaining on the floor for over an hour", "locator": "Abstract / Introduction (refs 9-11)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Refs: [9] Blackburn et al. Int Emerg Nurs 2022; [10] Kubitza et al. BMC Geriatr 2022; [11] Fleming et al. BMJ 2008.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kuczawski-2026-definition-of-long-lie-over-an-hour", "citation_text": "The NIHR Long Lies Study protocol defines a long lie as a person being unable to get up and remaining on the floor for over an hour (Kuczawski et al., NIHR Open Research, 2026, citing Blackburn 2022, Kubitza 2022 and Fleming 2008). Source: NIHR Open Research (National Institute for Health and Care Research), \"Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol (Kuczawski, Sampson, Cotterill et al., NIHR Open Res 2026;6:19)\" (https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kuczawski-2026-definition-of-long-lie-over-an-hour." }, { "id": "kuczawski-2026-uk-denominator-30-percent-over-65-50-percent-over-80", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "30% of people over 65 and 50% of those over 80 experience at least one fall annually (UK framing cited to NICE CG161 and Rubenstein 2006 in Kuczawski et al., NIHR Open Research, 2026).", "value": 30, "unit": "% of over-65s falling at least once a year (50% of over-80s)", "display_value": "30%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom (Yorkshire Ambulance Service region for quantitative data)", "period": "Protocol published 25 Feb 2026; data 2024-2026", "population": "Patients who have a long lie after a fall (study protocol; background statistics on older adults)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NIHR Open Research (National Institute for Health and Care Research)", "source_title": "Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol (Kuczawski, Sampson, Cotterill et al., NIHR Open Res 2026;6:19)", "source_url": "https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-02-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "30% of people over 65 and 50% of those over 80 experiencing at least one fall annually", "locator": "Abstract (refs 1-3)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Refs: [1] Bergland A, Aging Clin Exp Res 2005; [2] NICE CG161 2013; [3] Rubenstein LZ, Age Ageing 2006.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kuczawski-2026-uk-denominator-30-percent-over-65-50-percent-over-80", "citation_text": "30% of people over 65 and 50% of those over 80 experience at least one fall annually (UK framing cited to NICE CG161 and Rubenstein 2006 in Kuczawski et al., NIHR Open Research, 2026). Source: NIHR Open Research (National Institute for Health and Care Research), \"Understanding the scale, impact, and care trajectory for patients who experience a long lie after a fall: mixed methods study protocol (Kuczawski, Sampson, Cotterill et al., NIHR Open Res 2026;6:19)\" (https://openresearch.nihr.ac.uk/articles/6-19). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#kuczawski-2026-uk-denominator-30-percent-over-65-50-percent-over-80." }, { "id": "lord-2001-textbook-definition-of-long-lie", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "The standard geriatrics textbook 'Falls in Older People' (Lord, Sherrington & Menz, Cambridge University Press, 2001) defines the long lie as remaining on the ground or floor for more than an hour after a fall and calls it a marker of weakness, illness and social isolation.", "value": 1, "unit": "hour (threshold)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (textbook; Australian authors)", "period": "First edition 2001", "population": "Older people (textbook chapter 'Epidemiology of falls')", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "source_title": "Falls in Older People: Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention, 1st ed., ch. 1 'Epidemiology of falls' (Lord, Sherrington & Menz, 2001)", "source_url": "https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/00023656.pdf", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2001", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Another consequence of falling is the 'long lie', i.e. remaining on the ground or floor for more than an hour after a fall. The long lie is a marker of weakness, illness and social isolation", "locator": "Chapter 1 'Epidemiology of falls', section 'Consequences of falls', p. 10", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the Library of Congress sample-chapter PDF of the 2001 first edition (pp. 10-11). Later editions (2007, 2021) add co-authors (Close; Naganathan) and were not checked. Continues: '...and is associated with high mortality rates among the elderly. Time spent on the floor is associated with fear of falling, muscle damage, pneumonia, pressure sores, dehydration and hypothermia [6, 38, 39].'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lord-2001-textbook-definition-of-long-lie", "citation_text": "The standard geriatrics textbook 'Falls in Older People' (Lord, Sherrington & Menz, Cambridge University Press, 2001) defines the long lie as remaining on the ground or floor for more than an hour after a fall and calls it a marker of weakness, illness and social isolation. Source: Cambridge University Press, \"Falls in Older People: Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention, 1st ed., ch. 1 'Epidemiology of falls' (Lord, Sherrington & Menz, 2001)\" (https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/00023656.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lord-2001-textbook-definition-of-long-lie." }, { "id": "lord-2001-citing-vellas-1987-over-20-percent-of-admitted-fallers-on-ground-an-hour", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Lord, Sherrington & Menz (2001) report that Vellas (1987) found more than 20% of patients admitted to hospital because of a fall had been on the ground for an hour or more.", "value": 20, "unit": "% (more than) of hospital-admitted fallers on the ground ≥1 h (Vellas 1987, as cited)", "display_value": "over 20%", "display_label": "Hospital-admitted fallers on the ground an hour or more (Vellas 1987 via Lord 2001)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "International (textbook; Australian authors)", "period": "First edition 2001", "population": "Older people (textbook chapter 'Epidemiology of falls')", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "source_title": "Falls in Older People: Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention, 1st ed., ch. 1 'Epidemiology of falls' (Lord, Sherrington & Menz, 2001)", "source_url": "https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/00023656.pdf", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2001", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Vellas [41] suggests that long lies are not uncommon. He found that more than 20% of patients admitted to hospital because of a fall had been on the ground for an hour or more.", "locator": "Chapter 1, 'Consequences of falls', p. 11 (ref 41 = Vellas B et al., Age Ageing 1987;16:189-93)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in the Library of Congress sample-chapter PDF of the 2001 first edition (pp. 10-11). Later editions (2007, 2021) add co-authors (Close; Naganathan) and were not checked. Primary (Vellas 1987, Toulouse, France) is paywalled and its abstract does not contain this figure; verified only at this secondary source.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lord-2001-citing-vellas-1987-over-20-percent-of-admitted-fallers-on-ground-an-hour", "citation_text": "Lord, Sherrington & Menz (2001) report that Vellas (1987) found more than 20% of patients admitted to hospital because of a fall had been on the ground for an hour or more. Source: Cambridge University Press, \"Falls in Older People: Risk Factors and Strategies for Prevention, 1st ed., ch. 1 'Epidemiology of falls' (Lord, Sherrington & Menz, 2001)\" (https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/00023656.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#lord-2001-citing-vellas-1987-over-20-percent-of-admitted-fallers-on-ground-an-hour." }, { "id": "gunson-2025-share-of-emergency-ambulance-calls-older-fallers", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Approximately 10% of emergency ambulance calls are for adults aged 65 and older who have fallen (Gunson et al., Age and Ageing, 2025).", "value": 10, "unit": "% of emergency ambulance calls", "display_value": "~10%", "display_label": "Emergency ambulance calls for adults 65+ who have fallen (Gunson 2025, Age and Ageing)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom/international (systematic review in Age and Ageing)", "period": "Published August 2025", "population": "Adults 65+ who have fallen and are attended by ambulance (9 studies)", "sample_n": 9, "publisher": "Age and Ageing (Oxford University Press / British Geriatrics Society)", "source_title": "Ambulance responses to older adults who have fallen: a systematic review (Gunson et al., Age Ageing 2025;54(8):afaf228)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaf228", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-08-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Approximately 10% of emergency ambulance calls are for adults, 65 years and older, who have fallen.", "locator": "Abstract, Background (full text via Europe PMC PMC12358043)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC12358043); academic.oup.com returned 403. The review itself reports no pooled long-lie prevalence.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gunson-2025-share-of-emergency-ambulance-calls-older-fallers", "citation_text": "Approximately 10% of emergency ambulance calls are for adults aged 65 and older who have fallen (Gunson et al., Age and Ageing, 2025). Source: Age and Ageing (Oxford University Press / British Geriatrics Society), \"Ambulance responses to older adults who have fallen: a systematic review (Gunson et al., Age Ageing 2025;54(8):afaf228)\" (https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaf228). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#gunson-2025-share-of-emergency-ambulance-calls-older-fallers." }, { "id": "bayen-2021-memory-care-fallers-over-one-hour-on-ground-at-baseline", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "At baseline, 31% of fallers (8 of 26) in six California memory care facilities spent more than one hour on the ground after a fall; with real-time video fall detection this fell to zero (Bayen et al., JMIR, 2021).", "value": 31, "unit": "% of fallers with time on ground >1 hour (baseline)", "display_value": "31%", "display_label": "Memory-care fallers over an hour on the ground (Bayen 2021)", "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "California, USA (6 memory care facilities)", "period": "10-month observational study (published 2021)", "population": "Residents with Alzheimer disease or related dementias (mean age 87; 66 participants, 436 falls)", "sample_n": 66, "publisher": "Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR Publications)", "source_title": "Reduction of time on the ground related to real-time video detection of falls in memory care facilities: observational study (Bayen et al., J Med Internet Res 2021)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8277400/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-06-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The proportion of fallers with TOG >1 hour fell from 31% (8/26; baseline) to zero events", "locator": "Results (full text via Europe PMC PMC8277400)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML. Institutional dementia population; small baseline denominator (26). Mean reductions of 28.3 min in time until staff assistance and 29.6 min in time on ground. Shows long lies occur even in staffed settings.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#bayen-2021-memory-care-fallers-over-one-hour-on-ground-at-baseline", "citation_text": "At baseline, 31% of fallers (8 of 26) in six California memory care facilities spent more than one hour on the ground after a fall; with real-time video fall detection this fell to zero (Bayen et al., JMIR, 2021). Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR Publications), \"Reduction of time on the ground related to real-time video detection of falls in memory care facilities: observational study (Bayen et al., J Med Internet Res 2021)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8277400/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#bayen-2021-memory-care-fallers-over-one-hour-on-ground-at-baseline." }, { "id": "fleming-bmc-2008-over-90-fall-rate-per-person-year", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Among over-90-year-olds, 58% were reported to have fallen in the previous year and 60% fell during 1-year prospective follow-up, at a prospectively measured rate of 2.8 falls per person-year (Fleming et al., BMC Geriatrics, 2008).", "value": 2.8, "unit": "falls per person-year (prospective); 60% fell in 1 year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Cambridge, England", "period": "Cross-sectional survey 2002-03 with 12-month prospective follow-up", "population": "Over-90-year-olds in the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort (aged 91-105; care homes and community)", "sample_n": 110, "publisher": "BMC Geriatrics (BioMed Central)", "source_title": "Falls in advanced old age: recalled falls and prospective follow-up of over-90-year-olds in the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort study (Fleming, Matthews, Brayne et al., BMC Geriatr 2008;8:6)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-8-6", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2008-03-17", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "58% were reported to have fallen at least once in the previous year and 60% in the 1-year follow-up.", "locator": "Abstract, Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Abstract verified via Europe PMC REST (PMID 18366645; PMC2292187). Denominator for the Fleming & Brayne long-lie figures. Fall rates: 1.6 (recalled) vs 2.8 (prospective) falls/person-year.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-bmc-2008-over-90-fall-rate-per-person-year", "citation_text": "Among over-90-year-olds, 58% were reported to have fallen in the previous year and 60% fell during 1-year prospective follow-up, at a prospectively measured rate of 2.8 falls per person-year (Fleming et al., BMC Geriatrics, 2008). Source: BMC Geriatrics (BioMed Central), \"Falls in advanced old age: recalled falls and prospective follow-up of over-90-year-olds in the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort study (Fleming, Matthews, Brayne et al., BMC Geriatr 2008;8:6)\" (https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-8-6). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#fleming-bmc-2008-over-90-fall-rate-per-person-year." }, { "id": "johnston-2010-ijgm-restates-fleming-30-percent-plus-9-percent-unknown", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "Johnston & Grimmer-Somers (2010) note that in the over-90 cohort 30% (n=20) of fallers were on the floor an hour or more and for a further 9% (n=6) the maximum time on the floor was unknown, adding that 'the incidence of long lies is largely unknown'.", "value": 9, "unit": "% of fallers (n=6) with unknown maximum time on floor (in addition to the 30% ≥1 h)", "display_value": "9%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Australia (authors); restating a Cambridge, England cohort", "period": "Published 11 Aug 2010", "population": "Community-dwelling people over 90 who fell (Fleming 2008 cohort, as restated)", "sample_n": 66, "publisher": "International Journal of General Medicine (Dove Medical Press)", "source_title": "Perspectives on use of personal alarms by older fallers (Johnston & Grimmer-Somers, Int J Gen Med 2010;3:231-237)", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s12603", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2010-08-30", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "30% (n = 20) of those who fell reported that they were on the floor for an hour or more, and for a further 9% (n = 6) the maximum time on the floor was unknown.", "locator": "Introduction (full text via Europe PMC PMC2934606)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Verified in Europe PMC full-text XML (PMC2934606). Useful caveat: Fleming's 30% is a floor, not a ceiling. Same paper: 'The incidence of long lies is largely unknown.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#johnston-2010-ijgm-restates-fleming-30-percent-plus-9-percent-unknown", "citation_text": "Johnston & Grimmer-Somers (2010) note that in the over-90 cohort 30% (n=20) of fallers were on the floor an hour or more and for a further 9% (n=6) the maximum time on the floor was unknown, adding that 'the incidence of long lies is largely unknown'. Source: International Journal of General Medicine (Dove Medical Press), \"Perspectives on use of personal alarms by older fallers (Johnston & Grimmer-Somers, Int J Gen Med 2010;3:231-237)\" (https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.s12603). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#johnston-2010-ijgm-restates-fleming-30-percent-plus-9-percent-unknown." }, { "id": "johnston-2010-ajp-personal-alarm-share-of-ambulance-fall-calls", "family": "prevalence", "statement": "In a one-month South Australian audit, 379 of 1,700 ambulance callers after a fall (22%) used a personal alarm to summon help, and 58% of alarm-activated calls were false alarms (Johnston et al. 2010, as restated by Blackburn et al., 2022).", "value": 22, "unit": "% of ambulance fall calls made via personal alarm (379 of 1,700)", "display_value": "22%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "South Australia (metropolitan ambulance service)", "period": "1-month retrospective audit (c. 2008-09; published 2010)", "population": "Older people for whom an ambulance was called after a fall (1,700 cases in Sample 1)", "sample_n": 1700, "publisher": "Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (as restated in Int Emerg Nurs 2022 author manuscript)", "source_title": "Personal alarm use to call the ambulance after a fall in older people: characteristics of clients and falls (Johnston, Worley, Grimmer-Somers, Sutherland & Amos, Australas J Paramed 2010;8(4)) - as restated by Blackburn et al. 2022", "source_url": "https://eprints.qut.edu.au/240265/1/133484828.pdf", "source_type": "secondary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-03-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "in Sample 1, 379 of 1700 callers used a personal alarm to call the ambulance, with 58% of these alarm-activated calls being false alarms", "locator": "Results, 'Presence and impact of alarm use' (author-accepted manuscript)", "derived": true, "formula": "379 / 1700 * 100 = 22.3", "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Primary article (DOI 10.33151/ajp.8.4.86) sits behind a Cloudflare gate at Sage and could not be fetched; verified only in the secondary restatement. In Sample 2 (n=124), 72% of alarm calls were by women and 78% were alone at the time of the fall; long lies (>1 h) were reported in 11 non-alarm-user cases.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#johnston-2010-ajp-personal-alarm-share-of-ambulance-fall-calls", "citation_text": "In a one-month South Australian audit, 379 of 1,700 ambulance callers after a fall (22%) used a personal alarm to summon help, and 58% of alarm-activated calls were false alarms (Johnston et al. 2010, as restated by Blackburn et al., 2022). Source: Australasian Journal of Paramedicine (as restated in Int Emerg Nurs 2022 author manuscript), \"Personal alarm use to call the ambulance after a fall in older people: characteristics of clients and falls (Johnston, Worley, Grimmer-Somers, Sutherland & Amos, Australas J Paramed 2010;8(4)) - as restated by Blackburn et al. 2022\" (https://eprints.qut.edu.au/240265/1/133484828.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#johnston-2010-ajp-personal-alarm-share-of-ambulance-fall-calls." }, { "id": "us-fallers-2020-count", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2020, 14 million U.S. adults aged 65 and over (27.6%) reported falling in the previous year (CDC, MMWR, 2023; BRFSS 2020).", "value": 14000000, "unit": "people (fallers)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2020", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": 127724, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-09-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2020, 14 million (27.6%) older adults reported falling during the previous year", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "us-brfss-fallers-pct", "history": [], "notes": "Counts PEOPLE who fell at least once (fallers), not fall events. Weighted estimate from 127,724 BRFSS respondents aged >=65 (after exclusions).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2020-count", "citation_text": "In 2020, 14 million U.S. adults aged 65 and over (27.6%) reported falling in the previous year (CDC, MMWR, 2023; BRFSS 2020). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2020-count." }, { "id": "us-fallers-2020-pct", "family": "scale", "statement": "27.6% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported at least one fall in the past year in 2020 (CDC, MMWR, 2023; BRFSS).", "value": 27.6, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "27.6%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2020", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": 127724, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-09-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2020, 14 million (27.6%) older adults reported falling during the previous year", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "us-brfss-fallers-pct", "history": [], "notes": "State range 19.9% (Illinois) to 38.0% (Alaska).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2020-pct", "citation_text": "27.6% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported at least one fall in the past year in 2020 (CDC, MMWR, 2023; BRFSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2020-pct." }, { "id": "us-fallers-2020-women-pct", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2020, 28.9% of U.S. women aged 65 and over reported a fall in the past year, versus 26.1% of men (CDC, MMWR, 2023).", "value": 28.9, "unit": "% of women 65+", "display_value": "28.9%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2020", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": 127724, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-09-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Women: 28.9% vs. Men: 26.1%", "locator": "Abstract (reported by sex)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Men 26.1%. Quote is the fetch tool's rendering of the abstract's sex-specific values; wording in the abstract is 'women (28.9%) ... men (26.1%)'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2020-women-pct", "citation_text": "In 2020, 28.9% of U.S. women aged 65 and over reported a fall in the past year, versus 26.1% of men (CDC, MMWR, 2023). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2020-women-pct." }, { "id": "us-cdc-1-in-4-fall", "family": "scale", "statement": "Over 14 million, or 1 in 4, U.S. older adults report falling every year (CDC Older Adult Falls Data, reviewed 2026).", "value": 25, "unit": "% of adults 65+ (rounded)", "display_value": "25%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2020-2021 (BRFSS)", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center", "source_title": "Older Adult Falls Data", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Over 14 million, or 1 in 4 older adults report falling every year.", "locator": "Overview", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "CDC's rounded headline framing of the BRFSS 2020 estimate (27.6%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-cdc-1-in-4-fall", "citation_text": "Over 14 million, or 1 in 4, U.S. older adults report falling every year (CDC Older Adult Falls Data, reviewed 2026). Source: CDC Injury Center, \"Older Adult Falls Data\" (https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-cdc-1-in-4-fall." }, { "id": "us-fallers-2012-pct", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2012, 27.9% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported a fall in the past year (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS).", "value": 27.9, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "27.9%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2012", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-07-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "the percentage of those older adults reporting a fall increased from 27.9% in 2012 to 29.6% in 2016 (p<0.001) and decreased to 27.4% in 2018.", "locator": "Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-brfss-fallers-pct", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2012-pct", "citation_text": "In 2012, 27.9% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported a fall in the past year (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2012-pct." }, { "id": "us-fallers-2016-pct", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2016, 29.6% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported a fall in the past year (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS).", "value": 29.6, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "29.6%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2016", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-07-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "the percentage of those older adults reporting a fall increased from 27.9% in 2012 to 29.6% in 2016 (p<0.001) and decreased to 27.4% in 2018.", "locator": "Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-brfss-fallers-pct", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2016-pct", "citation_text": "In 2016, 29.6% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported a fall in the past year (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2016-pct." }, { "id": "us-fallers-2018-pct", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2018, 27.5% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported falling at least once in the past year (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS).", "value": 27.5, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "27.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2018", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": 142834, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-07-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2018, 27.5% of older adults reported falling at least once in the past year, and 10.2% reported an injury from a fall in the past year.", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-brfss-fallers-pct", "history": [], "notes": "The Results trend sentence gives 27.4% for 2018 (age-adjusted trend series) versus 27.5% in the abstract; both appear in the report.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2018-pct", "citation_text": "In 2018, 27.5% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported falling at least once in the past year (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fallers-2018-pct." }, { "id": "us-falls-events-2018", "family": "scale", "statement": "U.S. adults aged 65 and over experienced an estimated 35.6 million falls in 2018 (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS).", "value": 35600000, "unit": "fall events", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2018", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": 142834, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-07-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "approximately 35.6 million falls and 8.4 million fall-related injuries", "locator": "Abstract / Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "EVENTS, not people: respondents report the number of falls, so this is larger than the ~14 million fallers headline.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-falls-events-2018", "citation_text": "U.S. adults aged 65 and over experienced an estimated 35.6 million falls in 2018 (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-falls-events-2018." }, { "id": "us-fall-injuries-2018", "family": "scale", "statement": "U.S. adults aged 65 and over had an estimated 8.4 million fall-related injuries in 2018 (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS).", "value": 8400000, "unit": "fall-related injuries", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2018", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": 142591, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-07-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "approximately 35.6 million falls and 8.4 million fall-related injuries", "locator": "Abstract / Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-injuries-2018", "citation_text": "U.S. adults aged 65 and over had an estimated 8.4 million fall-related injuries in 2018 (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-injuries-2018." }, { "id": "us-fall-injury-pct-2018", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2018, 10.2% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported an injury from a fall in the past year (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS).", "value": 10.2, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "10.2%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2018", "population": "adults aged 65 and over, community-dwelling (BRFSS; non-institutionalised)", "sample_n": 142591, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-07-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2018, 27.5% of older adults reported falling at least once in the past year, and 10.2% reported an injury from a fall in the past year.", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-injury-pct-2018", "citation_text": "In 2018, 10.2% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over reported an injury from a fall in the past year (CDC, MMWR, 2020; BRFSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2012-2018 (MMWR 69(27):875-881)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7732363/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-injury-pct-2018." }, { "id": "us-fall-injury-share-37pct", "family": "scale", "statement": "About 37% of U.S. older adults who fall report an injury that required medical treatment or restricted activity for at least a day (CDC Facts About Falls, 2026).", "value": 37, "unit": "% of fallers", "display_value": "37%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2020-2021 (CDC citation)", "population": "adults aged 65 and over who fell", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center", "source_title": "Facts About Falls", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "about 37% of those who fall reported an injury that required medical treatment or restricted their activity for at least one day", "locator": "After a Fall / Falls are serious and costly", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-injury-share-37pct", "citation_text": "About 37% of U.S. older adults who fall report an injury that required medical treatment or restricted activity for at least a day (CDC Facts About Falls, 2026). Source: CDC Injury Center, \"Facts About Falls\" (https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-injury-share-37pct." }, { "id": "us-fall-injuries-9m-2020", "family": "scale", "statement": "CDC estimated about nine million fall injuries among U.S. older adults per year (applying 37% injured to 14 million fallers) - sentence present only on the archived CDC data page.", "value": 9000000, "unit": "fall injuries", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2020-2021", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center (archived copy on restoredcdc.org mirror)", "source_title": "Older Adult Falls Data (archived pre-2025 version)", "source_url": "https://restoredcdc.org/www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "about 37% of those who fall reported an injury that required medical treatment or restricted their activity for at least one day, resulting in an estimated nine million fall injuries.", "locator": "Overview (archived page)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Seen verbatim on the restoredcdc.org mirror of cdc.gov/falls/data-research; NOT present on the live CDC page as of 2026-10-08 (confirmed by fetch). Prefer MMWR 2018's 8.4 million (verified) for a primary citation.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-injuries-9m-2020", "citation_text": "CDC estimated about nine million fall injuries among U.S. older adults per year (applying 37% injured to 14 million fallers) - sentence present only on the archived CDC data page. Source: CDC Injury Center (archived copy on restoredcdc.org mirror), \"Older Adult Falls Data (archived pre-2025 version)\" (https://restoredcdc.org/www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-injuries-9m-2020." }, { "id": "us-one-in-ten-falls-injury", "family": "scale", "statement": "One in 10 falls among U.S. older adults results in an injury that restricts activity for a day or more or leads to seeking health care (CDC Facts About Falls, 2026).", "value": 10, "unit": "% of falls", "display_value": "10%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "n/a (CDC summary)", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center", "source_title": "Facts About Falls", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "One out of 10 falls results in an injury that causes the older adult to restrict their activities for a day or more", "locator": "Falls are serious and costly", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-one-in-ten-falls-injury", "citation_text": "One in 10 falls among U.S. older adults results in an injury that restricts activity for a day or more or leads to seeking health care (CDC Facts About Falls, 2026). Source: CDC Injury Center, \"Facts About Falls\" (https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-one-in-ten-falls-injury." }, { "id": "us-fall-ed-visits-4-5m", "family": "scale", "statement": "Older-adult falls cause about 4.5 million U.S. emergency department visits each year, of which 3.1 million are treated and released and 1.4 million are hospitalized (CDC Facts About Falls, WISQARS, 2026).", "value": 4500000, "unit": "ED visits per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "latest WISQARS year (not stated on page; accessed Aug 2026)", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center", "source_title": "Facts About Falls", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Each year, there are about 4.5 million emergency department visits due to older people falls, resulting in 3.1 million treated and released and 1.4 million hospitalizations", "locator": "Falls are serious and costly (ref. 2: WISQARS, accessed August 25, 2026)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Supersedes the older CDC framing of '3 million ED visits and 1 million hospitalizations' (seen in secondary sources quoting earlier CDC pages). Data year not stated on the page.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-ed-visits-4-5m", "citation_text": "Older-adult falls cause about 4.5 million U.S. emergency department visits each year, of which 3.1 million are treated and released and 1.4 million are hospitalized (CDC Facts About Falls, WISQARS, 2026). Source: CDC Injury Center, \"Facts About Falls\" (https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-ed-visits-4-5m." }, { "id": "us-fall-hospitalizations-1-4m", "family": "scale", "statement": "Falls lead to about 1.4 million hospitalizations of U.S. older adults each year (CDC Facts About Falls, WISQARS, 2026).", "value": 1400000, "unit": "hospitalizations per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "latest WISQARS year (not stated)", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center", "source_title": "Facts About Falls", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Each year, there are about 4.5 million emergency department visits due to older people falls, resulting in 3.1 million treated and released and 1.4 million hospitalizations", "locator": "Falls are serious and costly", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-hospitalizations-1-4m", "citation_text": "Falls lead to about 1.4 million hospitalizations of U.S. older adults each year (CDC Facts About Falls, WISQARS, 2026). Source: CDC Injury Center, \"Facts About Falls\" (https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-hospitalizations-1-4m." }, { "id": "us-hip-fracture-hospitalizations-319k", "family": "scale", "statement": "Nearly 319,000 U.S. older adults are hospitalized for hip fractures each year (CDC Facts About Falls, 2026).", "value": 319000, "unit": "hospitalizations per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "n/a (CDC summary)", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center", "source_title": "Facts About Falls", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Each year, nearly 319,000 older people are hospitalized for hip fractures.", "locator": "Falls are serious and costly (ref. 3)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-hip-fracture-hospitalizations-319k", "citation_text": "Nearly 319,000 U.S. older adults are hospitalized for hip fractures each year (CDC Facts About Falls, 2026). Source: CDC Injury Center, \"Facts About Falls\" (https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/facts-stats/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-hip-fracture-hospitalizations-319k." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2021, 38,742 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls, an age-adjusted rate of 78.0 per 100,000 (CDC, MMWR, 2023; NVSS).", "value": 38742, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2021", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (all residents; NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-09-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2021, 38,742 (78.0 per 100,000 population) older adults died as the result of unintentional falls", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Men 91.4 vs women 68.3 per 100,000; state range 30.7 (Alabama) to 176.5 (Wisconsin).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2021", "citation_text": "In 2021, 38,742 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls, an age-adjusted rate of 78.0 per 100,000 (CDC, MMWR, 2023; NVSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2021." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2020", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2020, 36,508 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (NCHS Data Brief 449 data tables; NVSS).", "value": 36508, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2020", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "United States (total for aged 65 and over) 36,508 656", "locator": "Data table for Figure 3 (jurisdiction of residence), first row", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "PDF text extraction drops decimal points: '656' = 65.6 per 100,000 (crude), matching the brief's 'Rate: 65.6 per 100,000'. Women 19,047 + men 17,461 = 36,508 (Figure 1 table).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2020", "citation_text": "In 2020, 36,508 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (NCHS Data Brief 449 data tables; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2020." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2022, 40,919 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls, the leading cause of injury death in that age group (CDC WISQARS leading causes chart).", "value": 40919, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2022", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC WISQARS", "source_title": "10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths by Age Group, 2022, Both sexes, All ages, All races (PDF)", "source_url": "https://wisqars.cdc.gov/pdfs/leading-causes-of-injury-deaths-by-age-group_%202022_508.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "65+ ... Unintentional Fall ... 40,919 (rank 1)", "locator": "10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths by Age Group, 2022 - column '65+', row 1", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Read from the WISQARS PDF text (pdftotext); the cell sits under the 65+ column, rank 1 'Unintentional Fall'. All-ages unintentional fall deaths 2022: 46,630 (rank 2 all ages).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2022", "citation_text": "In 2022, 40,919 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls, the leading cause of injury death in that age group (CDC WISQARS leading causes chart). Source: CDC WISQARS, \"10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths by Age Group, 2022, Both sexes, All ages, All races (PDF)\" (https://wisqars.cdc.gov/pdfs/leading-causes-of-injury-deaths-by-age-group_%202022_508.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2022." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2023", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2023, 41,400 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (CDC WISQARS 2023 leading causes chart; NCHS Data Brief 532).", "value": 41400, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2023", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC WISQARS", "source_title": "10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths by Age Group, 2023, Both sexes, All ages, All races (PDF)", "source_url": "https://wisqars.cdc.gov/pdfs/leading-causes-of-injury-deaths-by-age-group_2023_508.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "65+ ... Unintentional Fall ... 41,400 (rank 1)", "locator": "10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths by Age Group, 2023 - column '65+', row 1", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Also shown as the 2023 total in NCHS Data Brief 532 'Data table for Figure 1' (41,400). All-ages unintentional fall deaths 2023: 47,026.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2023", "citation_text": "In 2023, 41,400 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (CDC WISQARS 2023 leading causes chart; NCHS Data Brief 532). Source: CDC WISQARS, \"10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths by Age Group, 2023, Both sexes, All ages, All races (PDF)\" (https://wisqars.cdc.gov/pdfs/leading-causes-of-injury-deaths-by-age-group_2023_508.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2023." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2024, 43,020 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (CDC WISQARS 2024 leading causes chart).", "value": 43020, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": "43,020", "display_label": "among US adults aged 65 and over in 2024 alone (CDC WISQARS)", "display_hook": "died from a fall", "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2024", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC WISQARS", "source_title": "10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths, United States, 2024, Both sexes, All ages, All races (PDF)", "source_url": "https://wisqars.cdc.gov/pdfs/leading-causes-of-injury-deaths-by-age-group_2024_508.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "65+ ... Unintentional Fall ... 43,020 (rank 1)", "locator": "10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths, United States, 2024 - column '65+', row 1", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "All-ages unintentional fall deaths 2024: 48,308 (rank 2 all ages).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2024", "citation_text": "In 2024, 43,020 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (CDC WISQARS 2024 leading causes chart). Source: CDC WISQARS, \"10 Leading Causes of Injury Deaths, United States, 2024, Both sexes, All ages, All races (PDF)\" (https://wisqars.cdc.gov/pdfs/leading-causes-of-injury-deaths-by-age-group_2024_508.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2024." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2000", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2000, 10,273 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 10273, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2000", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2000 991 119 1,947 399 1,784 1454 669 66 1,894 253 2,988 992", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "991 + 1,947 + 1,784 + 669 + 1,894 + 2,988 = 10,273 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2000", "citation_text": "In 2000, 10,273 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2000." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2001", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2001, 11,623 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 11623, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2001", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2001 1,090 131 2,277 455 2,023 1604 743 74 2,163 285 3,327 1090", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,090 + 2,277 + 2,023 + 743 + 2,163 + 3,327 = 11,623 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2001", "citation_text": "In 2001, 11,623 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2001." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2002", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2002, 12,837 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 12837, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2002", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2002 1,202 144 2,444 479 2,208 1710 765 76 2,436 318 3,782 1229", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,202 + 2,444 + 2,208 + 765 + 2,436 + 3,782 = 12,837 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2002", "citation_text": "In 2002, 12,837 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2002." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2003", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2003, 13,701 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 13701, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2003", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2003 1,209 143 2,661 513 2,386 1783 839 83 2,588 336 4,018 1285", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,209 + 2,661 + 2,386 + 839 + 2,588 + 4,018 = 13,701 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2003", "citation_text": "In 2003, 13,701 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2003." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2004", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2004, 14,899 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 14899, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2004", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2004 1,394 163 2,858 544 2,630 1907 861 85 2,824 365 4,332 1368", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,394 + 2,858 + 2,630 + 861 + 2,824 + 4,332 = 14,899 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2004", "citation_text": "In 2004, 14,899 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2004." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2005", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2005, 15,802 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 15802, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2005", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2005 1,384 159 3,051 573 2,804 1942 935 92 2,906 375 4,722 1453", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,384 + 3,051 + 2,804 + 935 + 2,906 + 4,722 = 15,802 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2005", "citation_text": "In 2005, 15,802 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2005." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2006", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2006, 16,650 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 16650, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2006", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2006 1,431 162 3,147 587 3,058 2014 961 93 3,080 398 4,973 1486", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,431 + 3,147 + 3,058 + 961 + 3,080 + 4,973 = 16,650 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2006", "citation_text": "In 2006, 16,650 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2006." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2007", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2007, 18,334 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 18334, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2007", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2007 1,582 174 3,331 618 3,495 2194 1,012 96 3,221 419 5,693 1652", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,582 + 3,331 + 3,495 + 1,012 + 3,221 + 5,693 = 18,334 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2007", "citation_text": "In 2007, 18,334 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2007." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2008", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2008, 19,742 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 19742, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2008", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2008 1,644 173 3,564 658 3,902 2347 1,101 100 3,443 450 6,088 1723", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,644 + 3,564 + 3,902 + 1,101 + 3,443 + 6,088 = 19,742 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2008", "citation_text": "In 2008, 19,742 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2008." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2009", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2009, 20,422 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 20422, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2009", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2009 1,731 176 3,682 678 4,074 2348 1,119 98 3,304 435 6,512 1793", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,731 + 3,682 + 4,074 + 1,119 + 3,304 + 6,512 = 20,422 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2009", "citation_text": "In 2009, 20,422 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2009." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2010", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2010, 21,649 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 21649, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2010", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2010 1,776 176 3,679 672 4,383 2449 1,212 104 3,570 471 7,029 1898", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,776 + 3,679 + 4,383 + 1,212 + 3,570 + 7,029 = 21,649 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2010", "citation_text": "In 2010, 21,649 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2010." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2011", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2011, 22,901 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 22901, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2011", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2011 1,926 184 3,835 688 4,710 2487 1,223 102 3,552 467 7,655 1992", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,926 + 3,835 + 4,710 + 1,223 + 3,552 + 7,655 = 22,901 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2011", "citation_text": "In 2011, 22,901 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2011." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2012", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2012, 24,190 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 24190, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2012", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2012 1,996 178 3,912 693 5,043 2568 1,336 105 3,864 507 8,039 2049", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "1,996 + 3,912 + 5,043 + 1,336 + 3,864 + 8,039 = 24,190 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2012", "citation_text": "In 2012, 24,190 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2012." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2013", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2013, 25,464 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 25464, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2013", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2013 2,184 185 4,175 725 5,404 2647 1,402 104 3,811 496 8,488 2123", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "2,184 + 4,175 + 5,404 + 1,402 + 3,811 + 8,488 = 25,464 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2013", "citation_text": "In 2013, 25,464 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2013." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2014", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2014, 27,044 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 27044, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2014", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2014 2,382 193 4,317 733 5,792 2746 1,556 111 3,940 506 9,057 2234", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "2,382 + 4,317 + 5,792 + 1,556 + 3,940 + 9,057 = 27,044 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2014", "citation_text": "In 2014, 27,044 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2014." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2015", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2015, 28,486 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 28486, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2015", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2015 2,514 195 4,566 758 6,226 2863 1,577 108 4,102 519 9,501 2310", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "2,514 + 4,566 + 6,226 + 1,577 + 4,102 + 9,501 = 28,486 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2015", "citation_text": "In 2015, 28,486 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2015." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2016", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2016, 29,668 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 29668, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2016", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2016 2,727 204 4,542 735 6,452 2900 1,752 115 4,193 520 10,002 2407", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "2,727 + 4,542 + 6,452 + 1,752 + 4,193 + 10,002 = 29,668 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2016", "citation_text": "In 2016, 29,668 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2016." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2017", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2017, 31,190 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 31190, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2017", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2017 2,937 212 4,926 769 6,787 2977 1,815 115 4,292 517 10,433 2491", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "2,937 + 4,926 + 6,787 + 1,815 + 4,292 + 10,433 = 31,190 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2017", "citation_text": "In 2017, 31,190 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2017." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2018", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2018, 32,522 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 32522, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2018", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2018 3,118 219 5,158 766 6,997 3009 1,992 123 4,551 526 10,706 2538", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "3,118 + 5,158 + 6,997 + 1,992 + 4,551 + 10,706 = 32,522 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2018", "citation_text": "In 2018, 32,522 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2018." }, { "id": "us-fall-deaths-2019", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2019, 34,212 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS).", "value": 34212, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2019", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (NVSS, ICD-10 W00-W19)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "2019 3,286 224 5,650 807 7,395 3112 2,102 125 4,915 548 10,864 2569", "locator": "Data table for Figure 4. Rate of unintentional fall deaths for adults aged 65 and over, by age and sex: United States, 2000-2020 (row for the year; columns: men 65-74, 75-84, 85+, women 65-74, 75-84, 85+; deaths then rate)", "derived": true, "formula": "3,286 + 5,650 + 7,395 + 2,102 + 4,915 + 10,864 = 34,212 (men 65-74 + men 75-84 + men 85+ + women 65-74 + women 75-84 + women 85+)", "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-deaths-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Rates in the quote are as printed by pdftotext with the decimal dropped (e.g., '1454' = 145.4 per 100,000). Method check: the same summation for 2020 reproduces the published total 36,508.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2019", "citation_text": "In 2019, 34,212 U.S. adults aged 65 and over died from unintentional falls (sum of six sex-by-age cells, NCHS Data Brief 449 data table for Figure 4; NVSS). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449 - data tables PDF (db449-tables.pdf)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db449-tables.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-deaths-2019." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-aa-2012", "family": "scale", "statement": "The age-adjusted unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 55.3 per 100,000 in 2012 (CDC Older Adult Falls Data, archived version).", "value": 55.3, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (age-adjusted)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2012", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center (archived copy on restoredcdc.org mirror)", "source_title": "Older Adult Falls Data (archived pre-2025 version)", "source_url": "https://restoredcdc.org/www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The age-adjusted fall death rate increased by 41% from 55.3 per 100,000 older adults in 2012 to 78.0 per 100,000 older adults in 2021.", "locator": "Deaths from older adult falls (archived page)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-death-rate-aa-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "Fetched from the restoredcdc.org mirror of the pre-2025 CDC page; the live CDC page now shows the 2018-2024 comparison instead. Age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population, which is why it exceeds NCHS crude rates for the same years.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-aa-2012", "citation_text": "The age-adjusted unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 55.3 per 100,000 in 2012 (CDC Older Adult Falls Data, archived version). Source: CDC Injury Center (archived copy on restoredcdc.org mirror), \"Older Adult Falls Data (archived pre-2025 version)\" (https://restoredcdc.org/www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-aa-2012." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-aa-2018", "family": "scale", "statement": "The age-adjusted unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 64.7 per 100,000 in 2018 (CDC Older Adult Falls Data, 2026).", "value": 64.7, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (age-adjusted)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2018", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center", "source_title": "Older Adult Falls Data", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The age-adjusted fall death rate increased by 21% from 64.7 per 100,000 older adults in 2018 to 78.4 per 100,000 older adults in 2024.", "locator": "Deaths from older adult falls", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-death-rate-aa-65plus", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-aa-2018", "citation_text": "The age-adjusted unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 64.7 per 100,000 in 2018 (CDC Older Adult Falls Data, 2026). Source: CDC Injury Center, \"Older Adult Falls Data\" (https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-aa-2018." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-aa-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "The age-adjusted unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 78.0 per 100,000 in 2021 (CDC, MMWR, 2023).", "value": 78, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (age-adjusted)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2021", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2023-09-08", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2021, 38,742 (78.0 per 100,000 population) older adults died as the result of unintentional falls", "locator": "Abstract", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-death-rate-aa-65plus", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-aa-2021", "citation_text": "The age-adjusted unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 78.0 per 100,000 in 2021 (CDC, MMWR, 2023). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"Nonfatal and Fatal Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years - United States, 2020-2021 (MMWR 72(35):938-943)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a1.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-aa-2021." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-aa-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "The age-adjusted unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ reached 78.4 per 100,000 in 2024, up 21% from 2018 (CDC Older Adult Falls Data, 2026).", "value": 78.4, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (age-adjusted)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2024", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC Injury Center", "source_title": "Older Adult Falls Data", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-04", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The age-adjusted fall death rate increased by 21% from 64.7 per 100,000 older adults in 2018 to 78.4 per 100,000 older adults in 2024.", "locator": "Deaths from older adult falls", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "us-fall-death-rate-aa-65plus", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-aa-2024", "citation_text": "The age-adjusted unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ reached 78.4 per 100,000 in 2024, up 21% from 2018 (CDC Older Adult Falls Data, 2026). Source: CDC Injury Center, \"Older Adult Falls Data\" (https://www.cdc.gov/falls/data-research/index.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-aa-2024." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-crude-2020", "family": "scale", "statement": "The crude unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 65.6 per 100,000 in 2020 (NCHS Data Brief 449).", "value": 65.6, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (crude)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2020", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 449: Unintentional Fall Deaths Among Adults Aged 65 and Over: United States, 2020", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db449.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-11", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "65.6 per 100,000 population", "locator": "Key findings", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-death-rate-crude-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "By sex/age 2020: men 65-74 23.8, 75-84 81.6, 85+ 329.6; women 13.3, 57.2, 269.8 per 100,000.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-crude-2020", "citation_text": "The crude unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 65.6 per 100,000 in 2020 (NCHS Data Brief 449). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 449: Unintentional Fall Deaths Among Adults Aged 65 and Over: United States, 2020\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db449.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-crude-2020." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-crude-2023", "family": "scale", "statement": "The unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 69.9 per 100,000 in 2023; 74.2 for men and 66.3 for women (NCHS Data Brief 532).", "value": 69.9, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (crude)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2023", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 532: Unintentional Fall Deaths in Adults Age 65 and Older: United States, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db532.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2023, the unintentional fall death rate for adults age 65 and older was 69.9 per 100,000 population", "locator": "Key findings", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "us-fall-death-rate-crude-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "NCHS press release 2025-06-18 repeats: 'The unintentional fall death rate in 2023 for adults age 65 and older was 69.9 deaths per 100,000 population.' Crude rate for 65+, not age-adjusted; CDC's age-adjusted series runs ~8-9 points higher.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-crude-2023", "citation_text": "The unintentional fall death rate among U.S. adults 65+ was 69.9 per 100,000 in 2023; 74.2 for men and 66.3 for women (NCHS Data Brief 532). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 532: Unintentional Fall Deaths in Adults Age 65 and Older: United States, 2023\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db532.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-crude-2023." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-85plus-2023", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2023, the unintentional fall death rate for U.S. adults aged 85 and over was 373.3 per 100,000 for men and 319.7 for women (NCHS Data Brief 532).", "value": 373.3, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (men 85+)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2023", "population": "adults aged 85 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 532: Unintentional Fall Deaths in Adults Age 65 and Older: United States, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db532.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "highest for those age 85 and older (373.3 and 319.7, respectively)", "locator": "Figure 1 text", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Women 85+: 319.7. For 65-74: men 24.7, women 14.2.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-85plus-2023", "citation_text": "In 2023, the unintentional fall death rate for U.S. adults aged 85 and over was 373.3 per 100,000 for men and 319.7 for women (NCHS Data Brief 532). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 532: Unintentional Fall Deaths in Adults Age 65 and Older: United States, 2023\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db532.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-85plus-2023." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-85plus-2003-vs-2023", "family": "scale", "statement": "Between 2003 and 2023 the fall death rate for U.S. men 85+ doubled (178.3 to 373.3 per 100,000) and for women 85+ rose 2.5 times (128.5 to 319.7) (NCHS Data Brief 532).", "value": 109, "unit": "% increase (men 85+)", "display_value": "109%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2003-2023", "population": "adults aged 85 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS Data Brief No. 532: Unintentional Fall Deaths in Adults Age 65 and Older: United States, 2023", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db532.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "increased 2.5 times for women (from 128.5 to 319.7)", "locator": "Figure 4 text (trends 2003-2023)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Men 85+: 178.3 (2003) to 373.3 (2023), reported as 109% increase; men 65-74 14.3 to 24.7 (73%); men 75-84 51.3 to 89.6 (75%).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-85plus-2003-vs-2023", "citation_text": "Between 2003 and 2023 the fall death rate for U.S. men 85+ doubled (178.3 to 373.3 per 100,000) and for women 85+ rose 2.5 times (128.5 to 319.7) (NCHS Data Brief 532). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS Data Brief No. 532: Unintentional Fall Deaths in Adults Age 65 and Older: United States, 2023\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db532.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-85plus-2003-vs-2023." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-2024-by-sex", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2024, unintentional fall death rates among U.S. adults 65+ were 74.8 per 100,000 for men and 66.6 for women (CDC MMWR QuickStats, 2026; NVSS).", "value": 74.8, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (men 65+)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2024", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "CDC (MMWR)", "source_title": "QuickStats: Death Rates from Unintentional Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years, by Sex and Age Group - United States, 2024 (MMWR 75:579)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7537a3.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-09-24", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Death rates from unintentional falls among adults aged >=65 years were 74.8 per 100,000 population for men and 66.6 for women.", "locator": "QuickStats text", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-fall-death-rate-crude-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "Women 66.6. Rates in the QuickStats are crude for 65+ by sex (consistent with the NCHS brief series: 2023 men 74.2 / women 66.3).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-2024-by-sex", "citation_text": "In 2024, unintentional fall death rates among U.S. adults 65+ were 74.8 per 100,000 for men and 66.6 for women (CDC MMWR QuickStats, 2026; NVSS). Source: CDC (MMWR), \"QuickStats: Death Rates from Unintentional Falls Among Adults Aged >=65 Years, by Sex and Age Group - United States, 2024 (MMWR 75:579)\" (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7537a3.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-2024-by-sex." }, { "id": "us-fall-death-rate-state-range-2023", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2023, state unintentional fall death rates for adults 65+ ranged from 29.5 per 100,000 in Alabama to 158.4 in Wisconsin (NCHS Data Brief 532).", "value": 158.4, "unit": "deaths per 100,000 (highest state)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States (states)", "period": "2023", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NCHS (CDC)", "source_title": "NCHS press release: New Reports Examine Chronic Conditions and Fall Deaths Among Older Adults in the U.S.", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/releases/20250618.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06-18", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "they were lowest in Alabama (29.5 deaths per 100,000) and highest in Wisconsin (158.4)", "locator": "Press release bullet", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Interstate variation reflects death-certificate coding practices as well as true differences.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-state-range-2023", "citation_text": "In 2023, state unintentional fall death rates for adults 65+ ranged from 29.5 per 100,000 in Alabama to 158.4 in Wisconsin (NCHS Data Brief 532). Source: NCHS (CDC), \"NCHS press release: New Reports Examine Chronic Conditions and Fall Deaths Among Older Adults in the U.S.\" (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/releases/20250618.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-death-rate-state-range-2023." }, { "id": "us-fall-medical-costs-2015", "family": "scale", "statement": "Medical costs attributable to fatal and nonfatal falls among U.S. adults 65+ were approximately $50.0 billion in 2015 (Florence et al., J Am Geriatr Soc, 2018).", "value": 50, "unit": "USD billion (2015)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2015", "population": "adults aged 65 and over (Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey; WISQARS for fatal falls)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Florence CS et al., Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (CDC authors)", "source_title": "Medical Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Falls in Older Adults (J Am Geriatr Soc 2018;66(4):693-698)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6089380/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2018-03-07", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2015, the estimated medical costs attributable to both fatal and nonfatal falls was approximately $50.0 billion.", "locator": "Abstract - Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Nonfatal falls: Medicare ~$28.9bn, Medicaid $8.7bn, private/other $12.0bn. No newer official U.S. total identified; CDC pages still cite 'about $50 billion'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-medical-costs-2015", "citation_text": "Medical costs attributable to fatal and nonfatal falls among U.S. adults 65+ were approximately $50.0 billion in 2015 (Florence et al., J Am Geriatr Soc, 2018). Source: Florence CS et al., Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (CDC authors), \"Medical Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Falls in Older Adults (J Am Geriatr Soc 2018;66(4):693-698)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6089380/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fall-medical-costs-2015." }, { "id": "us-fatal-fall-medical-costs-2015", "family": "scale", "statement": "Medical spending for fatal falls among U.S. adults 65+ was an estimated $754 million in 2015 (Florence et al., 2018).", "value": 754, "unit": "USD million (2015)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2015", "population": "adults aged 65 and over", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Florence CS et al., Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (CDC authors)", "source_title": "Medical Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Falls in Older Adults (J Am Geriatr Soc 2018;66(4):693-698)", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6089380/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2018-03-07", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Overall medical spending for fatal falls was estimated to be $754 million.", "locator": "Abstract - Results", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fatal-fall-medical-costs-2015", "citation_text": "Medical spending for fatal falls among U.S. adults 65+ was an estimated $754 million in 2015 (Florence et al., 2018). Source: Florence CS et al., Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (CDC authors), \"Medical Costs of Fatal and Nonfatal Falls in Older Adults (J Am Geriatr Soc 2018;66(4):693-698)\" (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6089380/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-fatal-fall-medical-costs-2015." }, { "id": "us-living-alone-65plus-men-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2022, 21.8% of U.S. men aged 65 and over (5.58 million) lived alone (U.S. Census Bureau, CPS ASEC 2022, P20-587 Table 2).", "value": 21.8, "unit": "% of men 65+", "display_value": "21.8%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2022", "population": "civilian non-institutionalised men aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau", "source_title": "America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2022 (P20-587), Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022", "source_url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p20-587.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Total 65 years old and over ... Living alone 5,577 10,150 21.8 33.3", "locator": "Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022 (columns: Number men, women; Percent men, women)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "us-living-alone-65plus-by-sex-2022", "history": [], "notes": "Numbers in thousands. Men 65+ total 25,610k; women 30,510k.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-65plus-men-2022", "citation_text": "In 2022, 21.8% of U.S. men aged 65 and over (5.58 million) lived alone (U.S. Census Bureau, CPS ASEC 2022, P20-587 Table 2). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, \"America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2022 (P20-587), Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022\" (https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p20-587.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-65plus-men-2022." }, { "id": "us-living-alone-65plus-women-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2022, 33.3% of U.S. women aged 65 and over (10.15 million) lived alone (U.S. Census Bureau, CPS ASEC 2022, P20-587 Table 2).", "value": 33.3, "unit": "% of women 65+", "display_value": "33.3%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2022", "population": "civilian non-institutionalised women aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau", "source_title": "America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2022 (P20-587), Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022", "source_url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p20-587.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Total 65 years old and over ... Living alone 5,577 10,150 21.8 33.3", "locator": "Table 2 (older adults block)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "us-living-alone-65plus-by-sex-2022", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-65plus-women-2022", "citation_text": "In 2022, 33.3% of U.S. women aged 65 and over (10.15 million) lived alone (U.S. Census Bureau, CPS ASEC 2022, P20-587 Table 2). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, \"America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2022 (P20-587), Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022\" (https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p20-587.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-65plus-women-2022." }, { "id": "us-living-alone-65plus-total-2022-derived", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2022, 28.0% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over (15.7 million of 56.1 million) lived alone - 'nearly 3 in 10' (derived from Census P20-587 Table 2).", "value": 28, "unit": "% of adults 65+", "display_value": "28%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2022", "population": "civilian non-institutionalised adults aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau", "source_title": "America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2022 (P20-587), Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022", "source_url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p20-587.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Total 65 years old and over ... 25,610 30,510 ... Living alone 5,577 10,150", "locator": "Table 2 (older adults block)", "derived": true, "formula": "(5,577 + 10,150) / (25,610 + 30,510) = 15,727 / 56,120 = 0.2802 (thousands)", "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Matches the Census Bureau's own framing 'Nearly 3 in 10 adults 65 or older lived alone in 2022' seen in search snippets of the P20-587 release.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-65plus-total-2022-derived", "citation_text": "In 2022, 28.0% of U.S. adults aged 65 and over (15.7 million of 56.1 million) lived alone - 'nearly 3 in 10' (derived from Census P20-587 Table 2). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, \"America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2022 (P20-587), Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022\" (https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p20-587.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-65plus-total-2022-derived." }, { "id": "us-living-alone-women-65-74-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "About 27% of U.S. women aged 65 to 74 lived alone in 2022 (U.S. Census Bureau America Counts, 2024; CPS ASEC).", "value": 26.7, "unit": "% of women 65-74", "display_value": "26.7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2022", "population": "civilian non-institutionalised women aged 65-74", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau", "source_title": "Living Arrangements Varied Across Age Groups (America Counts story)", "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2024/05/living-arrangements.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-05-30", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "About 27% of women ages 65 to 74 and 43% of those age 75 or older lived alone", "locator": "Older adults section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Exact table value 26.7% (P20-587 Table 2). Men 65-74: 20.5%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-women-65-74-2022", "citation_text": "About 27% of U.S. women aged 65 to 74 lived alone in 2022 (U.S. Census Bureau America Counts, 2024; CPS ASEC). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, \"Living Arrangements Varied Across Age Groups (America Counts story)\" (https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2024/05/living-arrangements.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-women-65-74-2022." }, { "id": "us-living-alone-women-75plus-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "43% of U.S. women aged 75 and over lived alone in 2022 (U.S. Census Bureau America Counts, 2024; CPS ASEC).", "value": 42.5, "unit": "% of women 75+", "display_value": "42.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2022", "population": "civilian non-institutionalised women aged 75+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau", "source_title": "Living Arrangements Varied Across Age Groups (America Counts story)", "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2024/05/living-arrangements.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-05-30", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "About 27% of women ages 65 to 74 and 43% of those age 75 or older lived alone", "locator": "Older adults section", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Exact table value 42.5% (P20-587 Table 2). Men 75+: 23.8%. 'In the age 75 and older group, men (67%) were nearly twice as likely as women (35%) to live with a spouse'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-women-75plus-2022", "citation_text": "43% of U.S. women aged 75 and over lived alone in 2022 (U.S. Census Bureau America Counts, 2024; CPS ASEC). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, \"Living Arrangements Varied Across Age Groups (America Counts story)\" (https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2024/05/living-arrangements.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-women-75plus-2022." }, { "id": "us-living-alone-men-75plus-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2022, 23.8% of U.S. men aged 75 and over lived alone, versus 42.5% of women (U.S. Census Bureau, P20-587 Table 2).", "value": 23.8, "unit": "% of men 75+", "display_value": "23.8%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2022", "population": "civilian non-institutionalised men aged 75+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau", "source_title": "America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2022 (P20-587), Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022", "source_url": "https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p20-587.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Total 75 years old and over ... Living alone ... 23.8 42.5", "locator": "Table 2 (older adults block, 75+ rows)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-men-75plus-2022", "citation_text": "In 2022, 23.8% of U.S. men aged 75 and over lived alone, versus 42.5% of women (U.S. Census Bureau, P20-587 Table 2). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, \"America's Families and Living Arrangements: 2022 (P20-587), Table 2. Living Arrangements of Younger and Older Adults by Age: 2022\" (https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2024/demo/p20-587.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-men-75plus-2022." }, { "id": "us-pop-65plus-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "The U.S. population aged 65 and older reached 61.2 million in 2024, 18.0% of the population, up from 12.4% in 2004 (U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2024 estimates).", "value": 61.2, "unit": "million people", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2024 (July 1 estimate)", "population": "all residents aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau", "source_title": "Press release: Older Adults Outnumber Children in 11 States and Nearly Half of U.S. Counties (Vintage 2024 estimates)", "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025/older-adults-outnumber-children.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06-26", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The U.S. population age 65 and older rose by 3.1% (to 61.2 million)", "locator": "Press release, first paragraphs", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'the share of the population age 65 and older steadily increasing from 12.4% in 2004 to 18.0% in 2024'; 'From 2020 to 2024, the older population grew by 13.0%'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-pop-65plus-2024", "citation_text": "The U.S. population aged 65 and older reached 61.2 million in 2024, 18.0% of the population, up from 12.4% in 2004 (U.S. Census Bureau, Vintage 2024 estimates). Source: U.S. Census Bureau, \"Press release: Older Adults Outnumber Children in 11 States and Nearly Half of U.S. Counties (Vintage 2024 estimates)\" (https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2025/older-adults-outnumber-children.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-pop-65plus-2024." }, { "id": "us-living-alone-60plus-pew-2020", "family": "scale", "statement": "27% of U.S. adults aged 60 and older live alone, versus 16% across 130 countries and territories (Pew Research Center, 2020).", "value": 27, "unit": "% of adults 60+", "display_value": "27%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States vs world (130 countries)", "period": "2010-2018 census/survey data", "population": "adults aged 60+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Pew Research Center", "source_title": "Older people are more likely to live alone in the U.S. than elsewhere in the world", "source_url": "https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/03/10/older-people-are-more-likely-to-live-alone-in-the-u-s-than-elsewhere-in-the-world/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-03-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In the U.S., 27% of adults ages 60 and older live alone, compared with 16% of adults in the 130 countries and territories studied.", "locator": "Opening paragraph", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Globally, older women 20% vs older men 11% live alone; 'fewer than 5% of seniors live alone' in Afghanistan, Mali, Algeria.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-60plus-pew-2020", "citation_text": "27% of U.S. adults aged 60 and older live alone, versus 16% across 130 countries and territories (Pew Research Center, 2020). Source: Pew Research Center, \"Older people are more likely to live alone in the U.S. than elsewhere in the world\" (https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2020/03/10/older-people-are-more-likely-to-live-alone-in-the-u-s-than-elsewhere-in-the-world/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-living-alone-60plus-pew-2020." }, { "id": "who-fall-deaths-684k", "family": "scale", "statement": "An estimated 684,000 people die from falls globally each year (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021).", "value": 684000, "unit": "deaths per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "latest WHO estimate (fact sheet 2021)", "population": "all ages", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "source_title": "Falls - Fact sheet", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-04-26", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Each year an estimated 684 000 individuals die from falls globally", "locator": "Key facts", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-fall-deaths-684k", "citation_text": "An estimated 684,000 people die from falls globally each year (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021). Source: World Health Organization, \"Falls - Fact sheet\" (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-fall-deaths-684k." }, { "id": "who-falls-medical-attention-37-3m", "family": "scale", "statement": "37.3 million falls severe enough to require medical attention occur worldwide each year (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021).", "value": 37300000, "unit": "falls per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "fact sheet 2021", "population": "all ages", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "source_title": "Falls - Fact sheet", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-04-26", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "37.3 million falls that are severe enough to require medical attention occur each year.", "locator": "Key facts", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-falls-medical-attention-37-3m", "citation_text": "37.3 million falls severe enough to require medical attention occur worldwide each year (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021). Source: World Health Organization, \"Falls - Fact sheet\" (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-falls-medical-attention-37-3m." }, { "id": "who-falls-60plus-greatest-fatal", "family": "scale", "statement": "Adults older than 60 suffer the greatest number of fatal falls (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021).", "value": 60, "unit": "age threshold (years)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "fact sheet 2021", "population": "adults over 60", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "source_title": "Falls - Fact sheet", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-04-26", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Adults older than 60 years of age suffer the greatest number of fatal falls.", "locator": "Key facts", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-falls-60plus-greatest-fatal", "citation_text": "Adults older than 60 suffer the greatest number of fatal falls (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021). Source: World Health Organization, \"Falls - Fact sheet\" (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-falls-60plus-greatest-fatal." }, { "id": "who-falls-dalys-38m", "family": "scale", "statement": "Falls cause over 38 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost worldwide each year (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021).", "value": 38000000, "unit": "DALYs per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "fact sheet 2021", "population": "all ages", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "source_title": "Falls - Fact sheet", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-04-26", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Globally, falls are responsible for over 38 million DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) lost each year", "locator": "The problem", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-falls-dalys-38m", "citation_text": "Falls cause over 38 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost worldwide each year (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021). Source: World Health Organization, \"Falls - Fact sheet\" (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-falls-dalys-38m." }, { "id": "who-fall-deaths-lmic-80pct", "family": "scale", "statement": "Over 80% of fall-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021).", "value": 80, "unit": "% of fall deaths", "display_value": "80%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "fact sheet 2021", "population": "all ages", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "source_title": "Falls - Fact sheet", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2021-04-26", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Over 80% of fall-related fatalities occur in low- and middle-income countries", "locator": "The problem", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-fall-deaths-lmic-80pct", "citation_text": "Over 80% of fall-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (WHO Falls fact sheet, 2021). Source: World Health Organization, \"Falls - Fact sheet\" (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-fall-deaths-lmic-80pct." }, { "id": "who-60plus-2030-1-in-6", "family": "scale", "statement": "By 2030, 1 in 6 people in the world will be aged 60 or over, rising from 1 billion (2020) to 1.4 billion (WHO Ageing and health fact sheet, 2025).", "value": 1.4, "unit": "billion people aged 60+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "2030 projection", "population": "people aged 60+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "source_title": "Ageing and health - Fact sheet", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "By 2030, 1 in 6 people in the world will be aged 60 years or over.", "locator": "Key facts", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'At this time the share of the population aged 60 years and over will increase from 1 billion in 2020 to 1.4 billion.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-60plus-2030-1-in-6", "citation_text": "By 2030, 1 in 6 people in the world will be aged 60 or over, rising from 1 billion (2020) to 1.4 billion (WHO Ageing and health fact sheet, 2025). Source: World Health Organization, \"Ageing and health - Fact sheet\" (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-60plus-2030-1-in-6." }, { "id": "who-60plus-2050-2-1bn", "family": "scale", "statement": "By 2050 the world's population aged 60 and over will double to 2.1 billion; the 80+ population will triple to 426 million (WHO Ageing and health, 2025).", "value": 2.1, "unit": "billion people aged 60+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "2050 projection", "population": "people aged 60+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "World Health Organization", "source_title": "Ageing and health - Fact sheet", "source_url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "By 2050, the world's population of people aged 60 years and older will double (2.1 billion).", "locator": "Key facts", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'The number of persons aged 80 years or older is expected to triple between 2020 and 2050 to reach 426 million.' 'Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion ... over 60 years will nearly double from 12% to 22%.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-60plus-2050-2-1bn", "citation_text": "By 2050 the world's population aged 60 and over will double to 2.1 billion; the 80+ population will triple to 426 million (WHO Ageing and health, 2025). Source: World Health Organization, \"Ageing and health - Fact sheet\" (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#who-60plus-2050-2-1bn." }, { "id": "un-65plus-2-2bn-late-2070s", "family": "scale", "statement": "By the late 2070s the global population aged 65 and older is projected to reach 2.2 billion, surpassing the number of children under 18 (UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024).", "value": 2.2, "unit": "billion people aged 65+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "late 2070s projection", "population": "people aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "United Nations (DESA)", "source_title": "Global Issues: Ageing", "source_url": "https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ageing", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "By the late 2070s, the global population aged 65 and older is projected to reach 2.2 billion, surpassing the number of children under age 18.", "locator": "Ageing - Overview", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'By the mid-2030s, there will be 265 million individuals aged 80 and older, outnumbering infants.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#un-65plus-2-2bn-late-2070s", "citation_text": "By the late 2070s the global population aged 65 and older is projected to reach 2.2 billion, surpassing the number of children under 18 (UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2024). Source: United Nations (DESA), \"Global Issues: Ageing\" (https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ageing). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#un-65plus-2-2bn-late-2070s." }, { "id": "un-1-in-6-over-65-by-2050", "family": "scale", "statement": "By 2050 one in six people in the world will be over 65, up from one in 11 in 2019 (UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2019, cited on UN Ageing page).", "value": 16.7, "unit": "% of world population (1 in 6)", "display_value": "16.7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Global", "period": "2050 projection", "population": "people aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "United Nations (DESA)", "source_title": "Global Issues: Ageing", "source_url": "https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ageing", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "According to the 2019 World Population Prospects, by 2050, one in six people in the world will be over age 65, up from one in 11 in 2019.", "locator": "Ageing - Overview", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Value 16.7 is 1/6 expressed as a percentage, as stated by the UN; not re-derived from data.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#un-1-in-6-over-65-by-2050", "citation_text": "By 2050 one in six people in the world will be over 65, up from one in 11 in 2019 (UN DESA, World Population Prospects 2019, cited on UN Ageing page). Source: United Nations (DESA), \"Global Issues: Ageing\" (https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/ageing). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#un-1-in-6-over-65-by-2050." }, { "id": "uk-nice-third-and-half-fall", "family": "scale", "statement": "Around a third of people aged 65 and over, and around half of people aged 80 and over, fall at least once a year (NICE NG249, 2025).", "value": 33, "unit": "% of adults 65+ (approx.)", "display_value": "33%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom (England/Wales guidance)", "period": "guideline context 2025", "population": "people aged 65+ and 80+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NICE", "source_title": "NG249 Falls: assessment and prevention in older people and in people 50 and over at higher risk - Context", "source_url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng249/chapter/context", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-29", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Around a third of people aged 65 and over, and around a half of people aged 80 and over, fall at least once a year.", "locator": "Context (first sentence)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Fetched via curl (nice.org.uk returns 403 to the fetch tool). NG249 published 29 April 2025, replacing CG161 (2013) whose introduction used '30% of people older than 65 and 50% of people older than 80'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nice-third-and-half-fall", "citation_text": "Around a third of people aged 65 and over, and around half of people aged 80 and over, fall at least once a year (NICE NG249, 2025). Source: NICE, \"NG249 Falls: assessment and prevention in older people and in people 50 and over at higher risk - Context\" (https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng249/chapter/context). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nice-third-and-half-fall." }, { "id": "uk-ohid-third-and-half-fall", "family": "scale", "statement": "Around a third of people aged 65+ and around half of people aged 80+ fall at least once a year (OHID, Falls: applying All Our Health, 2022).", "value": 50, "unit": "% of adults 80+ (approx.)", "display_value": "50%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "guidance 2022", "population": "people aged 65+ and 80+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (GOV.UK)", "source_title": "Falls: applying All Our Health", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/falls-applying-all-our-health/falls-applying-all-our-health", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-02-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "around a third of people aged 65 and over, and around half of people aged 80 and over, fall at least once a year", "locator": "Falls: the facts", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-ohid-third-and-half-fall", "citation_text": "Around a third of people aged 65+ and around half of people aged 80+ fall at least once a year (OHID, Falls: applying All Our Health, 2022). Source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (GOV.UK), \"Falls: applying All Our Health\" (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/falls-applying-all-our-health/falls-applying-all-our-health). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-ohid-third-and-half-fall." }, { "id": "uk-phe-third-and-half-fall", "family": "scale", "statement": "Around a third of all people aged 65 and over fall each year, increasing to half of those aged 80 and over (Public Health England consensus statement, 2017).", "value": 33, "unit": "% of adults 65+ (approx.)", "display_value": "33%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "2017", "population": "people aged 65+ and 80+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Public Health England (PDF hosted by NHS England South)", "source_title": "Falls and fracture consensus statement: supporting commissioning for prevention", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/south/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2017/03/falls-fracture.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2017-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Around a third of all people aged 65 and over fall each year, increasing to half of those aged 80 and over.", "locator": "2. Context", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "PDF (NHS England copy) converted with pdftotext; published January 2017, PHE gateway number 2016588.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-phe-third-and-half-fall", "citation_text": "Around a third of all people aged 65 and over fall each year, increasing to half of those aged 80 and over (Public Health England consensus statement, 2017). Source: Public Health England (PDF hosted by NHS England South), \"Falls and fracture consensus statement: supporting commissioning for prevention\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/south/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2017/03/falls-fracture.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-phe-third-and-half-fall." }, { "id": "uk-nice-3-million-fallers-england", "family": "scale", "statement": "Approximately 30% of people older than 65 fall at least once a year - around 3 million people in England (NICE impact report on falls and fragility fractures, 2018).", "value": 3000000, "unit": "people (fallers) per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "2018 report", "population": "people aged over 65", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NICE (PDF hosted by British Geriatrics Society)", "source_title": "NICEimpact falls and fragility fractures (2018)", "source_url": "https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/resources/files/2018-08-29/NICE-Impact-falls-and-fragility-fractures.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2018", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "It is estimated that approximately 30% of people older than 65 fall at least once a year; this is around 3 million people in England.", "locator": "Falls section, 'Rates of emergency admissions due to falls in England, 2016/17' sidebar page", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nice-3-million-fallers-england", "citation_text": "Approximately 30% of people older than 65 fall at least once a year - around 3 million people in England (NICE impact report on falls and fragility fractures, 2018). Source: NICE (PDF hosted by British Geriatrics Society), \"NICEimpact falls and fragility fractures (2018)\" (https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/resources/files/2018-08-29/NICE-Impact-falls-and-fragility-fractures.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nice-3-million-fallers-england." }, { "id": "uk-nhs-falls-cost-2-3bn", "family": "scale", "statement": "Falls in people aged 65 and over have an estimated cost to the NHS of GBP 2.3 billion per year (NICE impact report, 2018; figure originates in NICE CG161, 2013).", "value": 2.3, "unit": "GBP billion per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England (NHS)", "period": "2013 estimate (CG161), restated 2018", "population": "people aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NICE (PDF hosted by British Geriatrics Society)", "source_title": "NICEimpact falls and fragility fractures (2018)", "source_url": "https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/resources/files/2018-08-29/NICE-Impact-falls-and-fragility-fractures.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2018", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "This has an estimated cost to the NHS of £2.3 billion per year.", "locator": "Falls section (same page as the 2,114 per 100,000 admissions sentence)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Origin: NICE CG161 (12 June 2013) introduction - the CG161 page now only shows a 'replaced by NG249' notice (confirmed by curl), so the sentence is verified here from NICE's 2018 impact report. Widely quoted as 'more than GBP 2.3 billion per year'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nhs-falls-cost-2-3bn", "citation_text": "Falls in people aged 65 and over have an estimated cost to the NHS of GBP 2.3 billion per year (NICE impact report, 2018; figure originates in NICE CG161, 2013). Source: NICE (PDF hosted by British Geriatrics Society), \"NICEimpact falls and fragility fractures (2018)\" (https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/resources/files/2018-08-29/NICE-Impact-falls-and-fragility-fractures.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-nhs-falls-cost-2-3bn." }, { "id": "uk-falls-admission-rate-2016-17", "family": "scale", "statement": "Emergency admissions due to falls in people aged 65+ in England were 2,114 per 100,000 in 2016/17; 993 per 100,000 at 65-79 and 5,363 at 80+ (NICE impact report, 2018, citing the Public Health Outcomes Framework).", "value": 2114, "unit": "emergency admissions per 100,000 (65+)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "2016/17", "population": "people aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NICE (PDF hosted by British Geriatrics Society)", "source_title": "NICEimpact falls and fragility fractures (2018)", "source_url": "https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/resources/files/2018-08-29/NICE-Impact-falls-and-fragility-fractures.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2018", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The Public Health Outcomes Framework reports emergency admissions due to falls in people aged 65 or over as 2,114 per 100,000 of the population in 2016/17.", "locator": "Falls section + sidebar 'Rates of emergency admissions due to falls in England, 2016/17'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "england-falls-emergency-admissions-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "Sidebar: '65-79 years 993 per 100,000'; '80+ years 5,363 per 100,000'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-falls-admission-rate-2016-17", "citation_text": "Emergency admissions due to falls in people aged 65+ in England were 2,114 per 100,000 in 2016/17; 993 per 100,000 at 65-79 and 5,363 at 80+ (NICE impact report, 2018, citing the Public Health Outcomes Framework). Source: NICE (PDF hosted by British Geriatrics Society), \"NICEimpact falls and fragility fractures (2018)\" (https://www.bgs.org.uk/sites/default/files/content/resources/files/2018-08-29/NICE-Impact-falls-and-fragility-fractures.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-falls-admission-rate-2016-17." }, { "id": "uk-falls-admissions-2017-18", "family": "scale", "statement": "There were around 220,160 emergency hospital admissions related to falls among patients aged 65 and over in England in 2017 to 2018, 66.6% of them aged 80+ (OHID, 2022).", "value": 220160, "unit": "emergency admissions", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "2017/18", "population": "patients aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (GOV.UK)", "source_title": "Falls: applying All Our Health", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/falls-applying-all-our-health/falls-applying-all-our-health", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-02-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "around 220,160 emergency hospital admissions related to falls among patients aged 65 and over", "locator": "Falls: the facts", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "england-falls-emergency-admissions-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "'around 146,665 (66.6%) of these patients aged 80 and over'. 'unaddressed fall hazards in the home are estimated to cost the NHS in England GBP 435 million'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-falls-admissions-2017-18", "citation_text": "There were around 220,160 emergency hospital admissions related to falls among patients aged 65 and over in England in 2017 to 2018, 66.6% of them aged 80+ (OHID, 2022). Source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (GOV.UK), \"Falls: applying All Our Health\" (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/falls-applying-all-our-health/falls-applying-all-our-health). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-falls-admissions-2017-18." }, { "id": "uk-falls-admissions-2019-20", "family": "scale", "statement": "Between 2019 and 2020 there were around 234,800 emergency hospital admissions in England related to falls among people aged 65 and over; around 157,370 (67%) were aged 80+ (NICE NG249, 2025).", "value": 234800, "unit": "emergency admissions", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "2019/20", "population": "people aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "NICE", "source_title": "NG249 Falls: assessment and prevention in older people and in people 50 and over at higher risk - Context", "source_url": "https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng249/chapter/context", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-04-29", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Between 2019 and 2020, there were around 234,800 emergency hospital admissions in England related to falls among people aged 65 and over.", "locator": "Context", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "england-falls-emergency-admissions-65plus", "history": [], "notes": "Also: 'Around 157,370 (67%) of these admissions were among people aged 80 and over.' and 'a 1-year mortality rate of 31% after a hip fracture.' OHID Fingertips (indicator 22401) was unreachable (connection refused) so the 2023/24 count (~221,600 in 2024/25 per JSNA snippets) is unverified.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-falls-admissions-2019-20", "citation_text": "Between 2019 and 2020 there were around 234,800 emergency hospital admissions in England related to falls among people aged 65 and over; around 157,370 (67%) were aged 80+ (NICE NG249, 2025). Source: NICE, \"NG249 Falls: assessment and prevention in older people and in people 50 and over at higher risk - Context\" (https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng249/chapter/context). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-falls-admissions-2019-20." }, { "id": "uk-falls-admissions-255k-phe-2017", "family": "scale", "statement": "PHE cited 255,000 falls-related emergency hospital admissions per year for older people in England (Falls and fracture consensus statement, 2017).", "value": 255000, "unit": "emergency admissions per year", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "England", "period": "c. 2015/16", "population": "older people", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Public Health England (PDF hosted by NHS England South)", "source_title": "Falls and fracture consensus statement: supporting commissioning for prevention", "source_url": "https://www.england.nhs.uk/south/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2017/03/falls-fracture.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2017-01", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "255,000 falls-related emergency hospital admissions per year for older people in England and the annual cost of hip fractures to the UK estimated at being around £2 billion.", "locator": "Foreword / Introduction", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Higher than OHID's 220,160 (2017/18) and NICE's 234,800 (2019/20) - definitions and years differ; treat as the same order of magnitude.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-falls-admissions-255k-phe-2017", "citation_text": "PHE cited 255,000 falls-related emergency hospital admissions per year for older people in England (Falls and fracture consensus statement, 2017). Source: Public Health England (PDF hosted by NHS England South), \"Falls and fracture consensus statement: supporting commissioning for prevention\" (https://www.england.nhs.uk/south/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2017/03/falls-fracture.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-falls-admissions-255k-phe-2017." }, { "id": "uk-hip-fracture-bed-days-cost", "family": "scale", "statement": "Hip fractures alone account for 1.8 million hospital bed days and GBP 1.1 billion in hospital costs every year in the UK; fragility fractures cost GBP 4.4 billion (OHID, 2022).", "value": 1.1, "unit": "GBP billion per year (hip fracture hospital costs)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom", "period": "guidance 2022", "population": "people with hip fracture", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (GOV.UK)", "source_title": "Falls: applying All Our Health", "source_url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/falls-applying-all-our-health/falls-applying-all-our-health", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-02-25", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Hip fractures alone account for 1.8 million hospital bed days and £1.1 billion in hospital costs every year", "locator": "Falls: the facts", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'the total annual cost of fragility fractures to the UK has been estimated at GBP 4.4 billion'; 'around 20% of hip fracture patients entered long-term care in the first year after fracture'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-hip-fracture-bed-days-cost", "citation_text": "Hip fractures alone account for 1.8 million hospital bed days and GBP 1.1 billion in hospital costs every year in the UK; fragility fractures cost GBP 4.4 billion (OHID, 2022). Source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (GOV.UK), \"Falls: applying All Our Health\" (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/falls-applying-all-our-health/falls-applying-all-our-health). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-hip-fracture-bed-days-cost." }, { "id": "uk-living-alone-65plus-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "4.3 million people aged 65 and over lived alone in the UK in 2024, up from 3.5 million in 2014 (ONS, Families and households in the UK: 2024).", "value": 4.3, "unit": "million people 65+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom", "period": "2024", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "source_title": "Families and households in the UK: 2024", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2024", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-07-23", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The steady increase in the number of people aged 65 years or over living alone from 3.5 million in 2014 to 4.3 million in 2024.", "locator": "Households > Living alone", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "uk-living-alone-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": "Total living alone 8.4 million; those under 65 unchanged at 4.1 million in both years.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-living-alone-65plus-2024", "citation_text": "4.3 million people aged 65 and over lived alone in the UK in 2024, up from 3.5 million in 2014 (ONS, Families and households in the UK: 2024). Source: Office for National Statistics, \"Families and households in the UK: 2024\" (https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2024). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-living-alone-65plus-2024." }, { "id": "uk-living-alone-65plus-2014", "family": "scale", "statement": "3.5 million people aged 65 and over lived alone in the UK in 2014 (ONS, Families and households in the UK: 2024).", "value": 3.5, "unit": "million people 65+", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom", "period": "2014", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "source_title": "Families and households in the UK: 2024", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2024", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-07-23", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The steady increase in the number of people aged 65 years or over living alone from 3.5 million in 2014 to 4.3 million in 2024.", "locator": "Households > Living alone", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "uk-living-alone-65plus-count", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-living-alone-65plus-2014", "citation_text": "3.5 million people aged 65 and over lived alone in the UK in 2014 (ONS, Families and households in the UK: 2024). Source: Office for National Statistics, \"Families and households in the UK: 2024\" (https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2024). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-living-alone-65plus-2014." }, { "id": "uk-living-alone-share-65plus-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "Around half (51.1%) of all people living alone in the UK in 2024 were aged 65 or over, compared with 45.5% in 2014 (ONS).", "value": 51.1, "unit": "% of people living alone", "display_value": "51.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom", "period": "2024", "population": "people living alone", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "source_title": "Families and households in the UK: 2024", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2024", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-07-23", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Around half (51.1%) of all people living alone in 2024 were aged 65 years or over, compared with 45.5% in 2014.", "locator": "Households > Living alone", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-living-alone-share-65plus-2024", "citation_text": "Around half (51.1%) of all people living alone in the UK in 2024 were aged 65 or over, compared with 45.5% in 2014 (ONS). Source: Office for National Statistics, \"Families and households in the UK: 2024\" (https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2024). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-living-alone-share-65plus-2024." }, { "id": "uk-living-alone-women-65plus-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2024, 40.9% of UK women aged 65 and over lived alone, versus 27.0% of men (ONS).", "value": 40.9, "unit": "% of women 65+", "display_value": "40.9%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom", "period": "2024", "population": "people aged 65+ in households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "source_title": "Families and households in the UK: 2024", "source_url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2024", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-07-23", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "A higher proportion of women aged 65 years or over in households lived alone (40.9%) than men of the same age (27.0%).", "locator": "Households > Living alone", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'The proportion of men of this age living alone has increased from 21.9% in 2014 while there has been no significant change in the proportion of women'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-living-alone-women-65plus-2024", "citation_text": "In 2024, 40.9% of UK women aged 65 and over lived alone, versus 27.0% of men (ONS). Source: Office for National Statistics, \"Families and households in the UK: 2024\" (https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/families/bulletins/familiesandhouseholds/2024). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-living-alone-women-65plus-2024." }, { "id": "uk-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "37.1% of UK residents aged 65 and over lived in single-person households (OECD HM1.4, Understanding Society 2022).", "value": 37.1, "unit": "% of people 65+", "display_value": "37.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United Kingdom", "period": "2022", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "OECD (Affordable Housing Database)", "source_title": "HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx", "source_url": "https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "United Kingdom ... 65 or more years ... 0.37079769372940063", "locator": "Workbook sheet HM1.4.1 (row United Kingdom, column '65 or more years')", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "oecd-65plus-living-alone-by-country", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2022", "citation_text": "37.1% of UK residents aged 65 and over lived in single-person households (OECD HM1.4, Understanding Society 2022). Source: OECD (Affordable Housing Database), \"HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx\" (https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#uk-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2022." }, { "id": "ca-fallers-20-30pct", "family": "scale", "statement": "Between 20% and 30% of Canadian seniors fall each year (Public Health Agency of Canada, Seniors' Falls in Canada: Second Report).", "value": 25, "unit": "% of seniors (midpoint of 20-30%)", "display_value": "25%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "report (c. 2014)", "population": "seniors aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Public Health Agency of Canada", "source_title": "Seniors' Falls in Canada: Second Report", "source_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/aging-seniors/publications/publications-general-public/seniors-falls-canada-second-report.html", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": null, "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "It is estimated that between 20% and 30% of seniors fall each year.", "locator": "1.0 Introduction", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Value is the midpoint of the stated range; cite as '20% to 30%'. Page shows no publication date; the report is generally cited as 2014. Also: '20% of seniors living in the community reported a fall' (2008/2009 CCHS).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fallers-20-30pct", "citation_text": "Between 20% and 30% of Canadian seniors fall each year (Public Health Agency of Canada, Seniors' Falls in Canada: Second Report). Source: Public Health Agency of Canada, \"Seniors' Falls in Canada: Second Report\" (https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/aging-seniors/publications/publications-general-public/seniors-falls-canada-second-report.html). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fallers-20-30pct." }, { "id": "ca-fall-deaths-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2022, 7,621 Canadian adults aged 65 and over died of falls (Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Infobase, 2025; CVSD).", "value": 7621, "unit": "deaths", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2022", "population": "adults aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase)", "source_title": "Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)", "source_url": "https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-28", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2022, 7,621 adults aged 65 years and older died of falls in Canada.", "locator": "Deaths", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-deaths-2022", "citation_text": "In 2022, 7,621 Canadian adults aged 65 and over died of falls (Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Infobase, 2025; CVSD). Source: Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase), \"Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)\" (https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-deaths-2022." }, { "id": "ca-fall-deaths-increase-2017-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "Deaths due to falls among Canadians aged 65+ increased 51% between 2017 and 2022 (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2025).", "value": 51, "unit": "% increase", "display_value": "51%", "display_label": "among Canadians aged 65 and over, 2017 to 2022 (Public Health Agency of Canada)", "display_hook": "more fall deaths in five years", "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2017-2022", "population": "adults aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase)", "source_title": "Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)", "source_url": "https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-28", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Between 2017 and 2022, deaths due to falls increased 51% in adults aged 65 years and older.", "locator": "Deaths", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-deaths-increase-2017-2022", "citation_text": "Deaths due to falls among Canadians aged 65+ increased 51% between 2017 and 2022 (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2025). Source: Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase), \"Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)\" (https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-deaths-increase-2017-2022." }, { "id": "ca-fall-hospitalizations-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2022 there were 78,076 fall-related hospitalizations among Canadians aged 65 and older; falls cause 89% of injury hospitalizations in this group (PHAC, 2025; CIHI DAD).", "value": 78076, "unit": "hospitalizations", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada (DAD; search snippets say excluding Quebec)", "period": "2022", "population": "adults aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase)", "source_title": "Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)", "source_url": "https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-28", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2022, there were 78,076 fall-related hospitalizations among adults 65 and older.", "locator": "Hospitalizations", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'Falls cause 89% of injury-related hospitalizations in this age group.' 'Over a third (34%) of fall-related hospitalizations (n = 26,848) ... involved a hip fracture.' Quebec exclusion noted in search snippet but not in the fetched quote.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-hospitalizations-2022", "citation_text": "In 2022 there were 78,076 fall-related hospitalizations among Canadians aged 65 and older; falls cause 89% of injury hospitalizations in this group (PHAC, 2025; CIHI DAD). Source: Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase), \"Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)\" (https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-hospitalizations-2022." }, { "id": "ca-fall-ed-visits-on-ab-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2022 there were 200,825 fall-related emergency department visits among adults 65+ reported in Ontario and Alberta alone (PHAC, 2025; NACRS).", "value": 200825, "unit": "ED visits (Ontario + Alberta only)", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada (ON + AB)", "period": "2022", "population": "adults aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase)", "source_title": "Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)", "source_url": "https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-28", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2022, there were 200,825 fall-related ED visits reported in Ontario and Alberta among adults aged 65 years and older.", "locator": "Emergency department visits", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Not national - NACRS coverage is complete only for Ontario and Alberta. '70% of older adults suffering a fall-related injury sought medical attention, mostly in a hospital emergency department.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-ed-visits-on-ab-2022", "citation_text": "In 2022 there were 200,825 fall-related emergency department visits among adults 65+ reported in Ontario and Alberta alone (PHAC, 2025; NACRS). Source: Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase), \"Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)\" (https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-ed-visits-on-ab-2022." }, { "id": "ca-fall-direct-costs-2018", "family": "scale", "statement": "The direct cost of fall-related injuries among Canadians aged 65+ was estimated at CAD 5.6 billion in 2018 (PHAC, 2025).", "value": 5.6, "unit": "CAD billion", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2018", "population": "adults aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase)", "source_title": "Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)", "source_url": "https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-11-28", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 2018, the direct cost of fall-related injuries among adults aged 65 years and older was estimated to be $5.6 billion.", "locator": "Costs", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-direct-costs-2018", "citation_text": "The direct cost of fall-related injuries among Canadians aged 65+ was estimated at CAD 5.6 billion in 2018 (PHAC, 2025). Source: Public Health Agency of Canada (Health Infobase), \"Falls among older adults in Canada (data blog)\" (https://health-infobase.canada.ca/falls-in-older-adults/). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-fall-direct-costs-2018." }, { "id": "ca-living-alone-total-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "4.4 million people lived alone in Canada in 2021 (15% of adults 15+), up from 1.7 million in 1981 (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census).", "value": 4.4, "unit": "million people", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2021", "population": "persons 15+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "source_title": "The Daily, 13 July 2022: Home alone: More persons living solo than ever before, but roomies the fastest growing household type (2021 Census)", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "4.4 million people lived alone in 2021, up from 1.7 million in 1981.", "locator": "Highlights", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-total-2021", "citation_text": "4.4 million people lived alone in Canada in 2021 (15% of adults 15+), up from 1.7 million in 1981 (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census). Source: Statistics Canada, \"The Daily, 13 July 2022: Home alone: More persons living solo than ever before, but roomies the fastest growing household type (2021 Census)\" (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-total-2021." }, { "id": "ca-living-alone-85plus-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2021, 41.8% of Canadians aged 85 and older in private households lived alone - 'two in five' (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1).", "value": 41.8, "unit": "% of people 85+", "display_value": "41.8%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2021", "population": "persons aged 85+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "source_title": "The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "35.9 33.6 30.5 43.3 45.6 11.1 41.8 47.3 10.9", "locator": "Table 1, row '85 years and older' (columns: 1981 living alone / in census families / with relatives or non-relatives only; 2016 same; 2021 same)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "ca-living-alone-by-age-band", "history": [], "notes": "The Daily text: 'solo dwellers represented 42% of all people aged 85 and older in private households'. 1981: 35.9%; 2016: 43.3%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-85plus-2021", "citation_text": "In 2021, 41.8% of Canadians aged 85 and older in private households lived alone - 'two in five' (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1). Source: Statistics Canada, \"The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021\" (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-85plus-2021." }, { "id": "ca-living-alone-65-69-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2021, 20.7% of Canadians aged 65 to 69 lived alone - 'one in five' (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1).", "value": 20.7, "unit": "% of people 65-69", "display_value": "20.7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2021", "population": "persons aged 65-69 in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "source_title": "The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "19.6 71.1 9.3 20.2 74.1 5.7 20.7 72.9 6.3", "locator": "Table 1, row '65 to 69 years' (2021 living-alone column = 20.7)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "ca-living-alone-by-age-band", "history": [], "notes": "1981: 19.6%; 2016: 20.2%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-65-69-2021", "citation_text": "In 2021, 20.7% of Canadians aged 65 to 69 lived alone - 'one in five' (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1). Source: Statistics Canada, \"The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021\" (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-65-69-2021." }, { "id": "ca-living-alone-70-74-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2021, 23.1% of Canadians aged 70 to 74 lived alone (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1).", "value": 23.1, "unit": "% of people 70-74", "display_value": "23.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2021", "population": "persons aged 70-74 in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "source_title": "The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "26.0 62.0 12.0 22.8 71.3 6.0 23.1 70.4 6.4", "locator": "Table 1, row '70 to 74 years'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "ca-living-alone-by-age-band", "history": [], "notes": "1981: 26.0%; 2016: 22.8%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-70-74-2021", "citation_text": "In 2021, 23.1% of Canadians aged 70 to 74 lived alone (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1). Source: Statistics Canada, \"The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021\" (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-70-74-2021." }, { "id": "ca-living-alone-75-79-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2021, 26.7% of Canadians aged 75 to 79 lived alone (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1).", "value": 26.7, "unit": "% of people 75-79", "display_value": "26.7%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2021", "population": "persons aged 75-79 in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "source_title": "The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "32.4 52.1 15.4 26.7 66.6 6.7 26.7 66.5 6.7", "locator": "Table 1, row '75 to 79 years'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "ca-living-alone-by-age-band", "history": [], "notes": "1981: 32.4%; 2016: 26.7%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-75-79-2021", "citation_text": "In 2021, 26.7% of Canadians aged 75 to 79 lived alone (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1). Source: Statistics Canada, \"The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021\" (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-75-79-2021." }, { "id": "ca-living-alone-80-84-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2021, 32.0% of Canadians aged 80 to 84 lived alone (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1).", "value": 32, "unit": "% of people 80-84", "display_value": "32%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2021", "population": "persons aged 80-84 in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "source_title": "The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "37.3 41.9 20.8 33.0 59.2 7.8 32.0 60.1 7.9", "locator": "Table 1, row '80 to 84 years'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "ca-living-alone-by-age-band", "history": [], "notes": "1981: 37.3%; 2016: 33.0%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-80-84-2021", "citation_text": "In 2021, 32.0% of Canadians aged 80 to 84 lived alone (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census, The Daily Table 1). Source: Statistics Canada, \"The Daily, 13 July 2022 (PDF), Table 1: Proportion of persons aged 15 years and older in private households that are living alone ... by age group, Canada, 1981, 2016 and 2021\" (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-80-84-2021." }, { "id": "ca-living-alone-women-85plus-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "53% of Canadian women aged 85 and older in private households lived alone in 2021, down from 60% in 2001 (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census).", "value": 53, "unit": "% of women 85+", "display_value": "53%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2021", "population": "women aged 85+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "source_title": "The Daily, 13 July 2022: Home alone: More persons living solo than ever before, but roomies the fastest growing household type (2021 Census)", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.htm", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2022-07-13", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "This was the living situation of 53% of women aged 85 and older in private households in 2021, compared with 60% in 2001.", "locator": "Solo living ... declining among older women", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Decline attributed to converging male/female life expectancy.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-women-85plus-2021", "citation_text": "53% of Canadian women aged 85 and older in private households lived alone in 2021, down from 60% in 2001 (Statistics Canada, 2021 Census). Source: Statistics Canada, \"The Daily, 13 July 2022: Home alone: More persons living solo than ever before, but roomies the fastest growing household type (2021 Census)\" (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/220713/dq220713a-eng.htm). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-living-alone-women-85plus-2021." }, { "id": "ca-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2022", "family": "scale", "statement": "24.5% of Canadians aged 65 and over lived in one-person households (OECD HM1.4, Canadian Income Survey 2022).", "value": 24.5, "unit": "% of people 65+", "display_value": "24.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Canada", "period": "2022", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "OECD (Affordable Housing Database)", "source_title": "HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx", "source_url": "https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Canada ... One-person senior household ... 0.24455338716506958", "locator": "Workbook sheet HM1.4.3 (row Canada)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "oecd-65plus-living-alone-by-country", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2022", "citation_text": "24.5% of Canadians aged 65 and over lived in one-person households (OECD HM1.4, Canadian Income Survey 2022). Source: OECD (Affordable Housing Database), \"HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx\" (https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#ca-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2022." }, { "id": "au-living-alone-total-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "2.6 million Australians lived alone in 2021; between 3.4 and 4.0 million are projected to live alone in 2046 (ABS Household and Family Projections, 2024).", "value": 2.6, "unit": "million people", "display_value": null, "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Australia", "period": "2021", "population": "all ages, private dwellings", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Australian Bureau of Statistics", "source_title": "Household and Family Projections, Australia, 2021-2046", "source_url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/household-and-family-projections-australia/latest-release", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-06-28", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Between 3.4 and 4.0 million people are projected to be living alone in 2046 (up from 2.6 million in 2021).", "locator": "Living alone", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'More than half of all people living alone are women (55% in 2021 ...)'; 'Over age 60 years, there are more women then men living alone (64% in 2021 ...)'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-living-alone-total-2021", "citation_text": "2.6 million Australians lived alone in 2021; between 3.4 and 4.0 million are projected to live alone in 2046 (ABS Household and Family Projections, 2024). Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, \"Household and Family Projections, Australia, 2021-2046\" (https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/household-and-family-projections-australia/latest-release). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-living-alone-total-2021." }, { "id": "au-living-alone-85plus-2046-projection", "family": "scale", "statement": "Between 31% and 35% of Australians aged 85 and over are projected to be living alone in 2046 (ABS Household and Family Projections, 2024).", "value": 33, "unit": "% of people 85+ (midpoint of 31-35% range)", "display_value": "33%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Australia", "period": "2046 projection", "population": "people aged 85+ in private dwellings", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Australian Bureau of Statistics", "source_title": "Household and Family Projections, Australia, 2021-2046", "source_url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/household-and-family-projections-australia/latest-release", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2024-06-28", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "People aged 85 years and over: 31% to 35% projected to be living alone", "locator": "Projected persons aged 75 years and over, by living arrangement, series II, 30 June 2046", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Value is the range midpoint; cite as '31% to 35%'. 75-79: 19-26%; 80-84: 21-31% (2046 projections, series range).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-living-alone-85plus-2046-projection", "citation_text": "Between 31% and 35% of Australians aged 85 and over are projected to be living alone in 2046 (ABS Household and Family Projections, 2024). Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, \"Household and Family Projections, Australia, 2021-2046\" (https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/household-and-family-projections-australia/latest-release). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-living-alone-85plus-2046-projection." }, { "id": "au-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2021", "family": "scale", "statement": "22.0% of Australians aged 65 and over lived in one-person households (OECD HM1.4, HILDA 2021).", "value": 22, "unit": "% of people 65+", "display_value": "22%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Australia", "period": "2021", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "OECD (Affordable Housing Database)", "source_title": "HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx", "source_url": "https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Australia ... 65 or more years ... 0.21980337798595428", "locator": "Workbook sheet HM1.4.1 (row Australia)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "oecd-65plus-living-alone-by-country", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2021", "citation_text": "22.0% of Australians aged 65 and over lived in one-person households (OECD HM1.4, HILDA 2021). Source: OECD (Affordable Housing Database), \"HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx\" (https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#au-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2021." }, { "id": "eu-65plus-share-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "People aged 65 and over made up 21.6% of the EU population in 2024, up from 16% in 2004 (Eurostat, Demography of Europe 2025).", "value": 21.6, "unit": "% of EU population", "display_value": "21.6%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "European Union (EU-27)", "period": "2024", "population": "all residents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Eurostat", "source_title": "Demography of Europe - 2025 edition (interactive publication), Population structure", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/interactive-publications/demography-2025", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Share of persons aged 65 and over ... increased from 16% in 2004 to 21.6% in 2024", "locator": "Population structure", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Quote is the fetch tool's rendering of the interactive chart text.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-65plus-share-2024", "citation_text": "People aged 65 and over made up 21.6% of the EU population in 2024, up from 16% in 2004 (Eurostat, Demography of Europe 2025). Source: Eurostat, \"Demography of Europe - 2025 edition (interactive publication), Population structure\" (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/interactive-publications/demography-2025). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-65plus-share-2024." }, { "id": "eu-living-alone-65plus-2025", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2025, 32.2% of EU residents aged 65 or over were single adults living alone (Eurostat Household composition statistics, EU-LFS).", "value": 32.2, "unit": "% of people 65+", "display_value": "32.2%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "European Union (EU-27)", "period": "2025", "population": "adults aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Eurostat (Statistics Explained)", "source_title": "Household composition statistics (data extracted May 2026; EU-LFS, lfst_hhnhtych)", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Household_composition_statistics", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2026-05", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "12.5% of young adults aged 18-24 live alone, but 32.2% of those aged 65 years or older were also single.", "locator": "Household composition by age (paragraph after 'The proportion of single adults increases with age.')", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "Eurostat's 'single adult' here = adult in a one-adult household (living alone); the article opens 'In 2025, 203 million households resided in the EU, of which over 76 million were single adults without children.' Dataset lfst_hhnhtych. Not strictly comparable with the EU-SILC-based 40%/22% by-sex figures.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-living-alone-65plus-2025", "citation_text": "In 2025, 32.2% of EU residents aged 65 or over were single adults living alone (Eurostat Household composition statistics, EU-LFS). Source: Eurostat (Statistics Explained), \"Household composition statistics (data extracted May 2026; EU-LFS, lfst_hhnhtych)\" (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Household_composition_statistics). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-living-alone-65plus-2025." }, { "id": "eu-living-alone-women-65plus-2019", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2019, four in ten EU women aged 65 and over (40%) lived alone, compared with 19% of men (Eurostat news, EU-LFS lfst_hhindws).", "value": 40, "unit": "% of women 65+", "display_value": "40%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "European Union (EU-27)", "period": "2019", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Eurostat", "source_title": "News: 4 in 10 women aged 65 or over live alone (DDN-20200623-1; EU-LFS lfst_hhindws, 2019)", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20200623-1", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-06-23", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In the EU, four in ten women (40%) live alone compared to 19% of men", "locator": "News item text (65+)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "eu-living-alone-65plus-by-sex", "history": [], "notes": "Men 19%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-living-alone-women-65plus-2019", "citation_text": "In 2019, four in ten EU women aged 65 and over (40%) lived alone, compared with 19% of men (Eurostat news, EU-LFS lfst_hhindws). Source: Eurostat, \"News: 4 in 10 women aged 65 or over live alone (DDN-20200623-1; EU-LFS lfst_hhindws, 2019)\" (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20200623-1). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-living-alone-women-65plus-2019." }, { "id": "eu-living-alone-women-65plus-latvia-2019", "family": "scale", "statement": "Latvia had the EU's highest share of women aged 65+ living alone in 2019 (49%); Estonia the lowest (26%) (Eurostat news, 2020).", "value": 49, "unit": "% of women 65+ (Latvia)", "display_value": "49%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "EU member states", "period": "2019", "population": "women aged 65+", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Eurostat", "source_title": "News: 4 in 10 women aged 65 or over live alone (DDN-20200623-1; EU-LFS lfst_hhindws, 2019)", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20200623-1", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-06-23", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Latvia recorded the highest proportion of women aged 65 and over living alone (49%), followed by Slovenia and Germany (both 45%)", "locator": "News item text", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "'The lowest shares ... were registered in Estonia (26%) and Belgium (28%), followed by Spain and Cyprus (both 31%)'; Finland and Czechia 44%; Portugal 32%; Denmark 33%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-living-alone-women-65plus-latvia-2019", "citation_text": "Latvia had the EU's highest share of women aged 65+ living alone in 2019 (49%); Estonia the lowest (26%) (Eurostat news, 2020). Source: Eurostat, \"News: 4 in 10 women aged 65 or over live alone (DDN-20200623-1; EU-LFS lfst_hhindws, 2019)\" (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/-/DDN-20200623-1). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-living-alone-women-65plus-latvia-2019." }, { "id": "eu-living-alone-65plus-by-sex-2018-silc", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2018, 40.2% of EU-27 women aged 65+ and 21.8% of men lived in single-person households (Eurostat, Ageing Europe 2020 edition, EU-SILC ilc_lvps30).", "value": 40.2, "unit": "% of women 65+", "display_value": "40.2%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "European Union (EU-27)", "period": "2018", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households (EU-SILC)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Eurostat", "source_title": "Ageing Europe - looking at the lives of older people in the EU - 2020 edition (KS-02-20-655), Chapter 2 Housing and living conditions", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/11478057/KS-02-20-655-EN-N.pdf/9b09606c-d4e8-4c33-63d2-3b20d5c19c91?t=1604055531000", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2020-10", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "in 2018, the share of older women living in households composed of a single person was 40.2 % across the EU-27, while the share for older men was 21.8 %", "locator": "Chapter 2 Housing and living conditions - Household composition among older people (p. 33)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "eu-living-alone-65plus-by-sex", "history": [], "notes": "EU-SILC gives men 21.8% versus the LFS-based 19% (2019) - different surveys. 'More than half of all older women in Denmark and Estonia were living alone, while the lowest shares ... were recorded in Cyprus (23.4 %) and Spain (31.0 %).'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-living-alone-65plus-by-sex-2018-silc", "citation_text": "In 2018, 40.2% of EU-27 women aged 65+ and 21.8% of men lived in single-person households (Eurostat, Ageing Europe 2020 edition, EU-SILC ilc_lvps30). Source: Eurostat, \"Ageing Europe - looking at the lives of older people in the EU - 2020 edition (KS-02-20-655), Chapter 2 Housing and living conditions\" (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/11478057/KS-02-20-655-EN-N.pdf/9b09606c-d4e8-4c33-63d2-3b20d5c19c91?t=1604055531000). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#eu-living-alone-65plus-by-sex-2018-silc." }, { "id": "oecd-65plus-living-alone-average-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "Across the OECD about 31% of people aged 65 and over live alone (OECD average 30.4%; EU 33.4%), ranging from 11% in the Slovak Republic to 54% in Lithuania (OECD HM1.4, 2024 or latest).", "value": 30.4, "unit": "% of people 65+ (OECD average)", "display_value": "30.4%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "OECD (37 countries with data)", "period": "2024 or latest available (US 2023, UK 2022, Canada 2022, Australia 2021)", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "OECD (Affordable Housing Database)", "source_title": "HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx", "source_url": "https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "Seniors are more likely to live alone than any other age group (ranging from 11% of all seniors in the Slovak Republic to 54% in Lithuania)", "locator": "PDF p.1 text; workbook sheet HM1.4.1 rows 'OECD' (0.3043) and 'EU' (0.3336)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "oecd-65plus-living-alone-by-country", "history": [], "notes": "Full 65+ living-alone table (HM1.4.1, 2024 or latest): Lithuania 54.3, Estonia 46.2, Denmark 45.5, Bulgaria 43.4, Latvia 40.9, Finland 40.2, Sweden 38.8, UK 37.1, France 37.0, Romania 36.6, Luxembourg 36.2, Austria 35.6, Belgium 35.5, Germany 35.1, Norway 35.1, Czechia 35.0, Hungary 34.6, Malta 33.8, EU 33.4, Switzerland 33.0, Netherlands 30.2, OECD 30.4, Iceland 29.8, Croatia 29.7, Slovenia 29.3, Italy 29.2, Greece 28.4, United States 26.5, Portugal 26.0, Ireland 24.5, Canada 24.5 (HM1.4.3), Spain 23.7, Türkiye 23.4, Korea 23.3, Poland 22.3, Australia 22.0, Colombia 19.2, Cyprus 17.9, Chile 16.3, Costa Rica 15.6, Mexico 13.9, Slovak Republic 10.8. No data for Japan, Israel, New Zealand. Japan excluded.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#oecd-65plus-living-alone-average-2024", "citation_text": "Across the OECD about 31% of people aged 65 and over live alone (OECD average 30.4%; EU 33.4%), ranging from 11% in the Slovak Republic to 54% in Lithuania (OECD HM1.4, 2024 or latest). Source: OECD (Affordable Housing Database), \"HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx\" (https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#oecd-65plus-living-alone-average-2024." }, { "id": "oecd-lithuania-65plus-living-alone", "family": "scale", "statement": "54% of people aged 65 and over in Lithuania live alone, the highest share in the OECD (OECD HM1.4, EU-SILC 2024).", "value": 54.3, "unit": "% of people 65+", "display_value": "54.3%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Lithuania", "period": "2024", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "OECD (Affordable Housing Database)", "source_title": "HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx", "source_url": "https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "with the exception of Lithuania, where 54% of people aged 65 years and over live alone", "locator": "PDF p.1; workbook HM1.4.1 row Lithuania 0.5425", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "oecd-65plus-living-alone-by-country", "history": [], "notes": null, "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#oecd-lithuania-65plus-living-alone", "citation_text": "54% of people aged 65 and over in Lithuania live alone, the highest share in the OECD (OECD HM1.4, EU-SILC 2024). Source: OECD (Affordable Housing Database), \"HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx\" (https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#oecd-lithuania-65plus-living-alone." }, { "id": "us-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2023", "family": "scale", "statement": "26.5% of U.S. residents aged 65 and over lived in single-person households (OECD HM1.4, American Community Survey 2023).", "value": 26.5, "unit": "% of people 65+", "display_value": "26.5%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "United States", "period": "2023", "population": "people aged 65+ in private households", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "OECD (Affordable Housing Database)", "source_title": "HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx", "source_url": "https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-10-02", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "United States ... 65 or more years ... 0.26531052589416504", "locator": "Workbook sheet HM1.4.1 (row United States)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "oecd-65plus-living-alone-by-country", "history": [], "notes": "Lower than the CPS-based 28.0% (2022) because ACS and CPS household universes differ; both are Census Bureau surveys.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2023", "citation_text": "26.5% of U.S. residents aged 65 and over lived in single-person households (OECD HM1.4, American Community Survey 2023). Source: OECD (Affordable Housing Database), \"HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups (last updated 02/10/2025) - PDF and workbook HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx\" (https://webfs.oecd.org/els-com/Affordable_Housing_Database/HM1-4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#us-oecd-65plus-living-alone-2023." }, { "id": "jp-pop-65plus-2024", "family": "scale", "statement": "Japan's population aged 65 and over was 36.24 million on 1 October 2024, 29.3% of the total; those 75+ (20.78 million, 16.8%) now outnumber those 65-74 (Cabinet Office, Annual Report on the Ageing Society FY2025).", "value": 29.3, "unit": "% of population aged 65+", "display_value": "29.3%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "2024-10-01", "population": "all residents", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Government of Japan", "source_title": "Annual Report on the Ageing Society [Summary] FY2025 (June 2025)", "source_url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2025/pdf/2025.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "The number of the population aged 65 and over is 36.24 million. The percentage of the population aged 65 and over (percentage of the elderly) is 29.3%.", "locator": "Section 1 Situation of the Aging Population - 'The percentage of the elderly rises to 29.3%'", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": null, "history": [], "notes": "PDF converted with pdftotext. 'The population aged 75 and over is 20.78 million, accounting for 16.8% of the total population, and has overtaken the population aged 65-74 in size.'", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-pop-65plus-2024", "citation_text": "Japan's population aged 65 and over was 36.24 million on 1 October 2024, 29.3% of the total; those 75+ (20.78 million, 16.8%) now outnumber those 65-74 (Cabinet Office, Annual Report on the Ageing Society FY2025). Source: Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, \"Annual Report on the Ageing Society [Summary] FY2025 (June 2025)\" (https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2025/pdf/2025.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-pop-65plus-2024." }, { "id": "jp-living-alone-65plus-2020-by-sex", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 2020, 15.0% of Japanese men and 22.1% of women aged 65 and over lived alone (one-person households), up from 4.3% and 11.2% in 1980 (Cabinet Office, FY2025 report; MIC Population Census).", "value": 22.1, "unit": "% of women 65+", "display_value": "22.1%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "2020 (Census)", "population": "people aged 65+ (one-person households)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Government of Japan", "source_title": "Annual Report on the Ageing Society [Summary] FY2025 (June 2025)", "source_url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2025/pdf/2025.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "these percentages increased to 15.0% for males and 22.1% for females in 2020, and are expected to reach 26.1% for males and 29.3% for females in 2050.", "locator": "Chart 4 Trends in the Numbers and Percentages of People Aged 65 and Over and Living Alone (text above chart)", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "jp-living-alone-65plus-by-sex", "history": [], "notes": "Men 15.0%. 'Living alone' = one-person households in the Census/projections (Note 1).", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-living-alone-65plus-2020-by-sex", "citation_text": "In 2020, 15.0% of Japanese men and 22.1% of women aged 65 and over lived alone (one-person households), up from 4.3% and 11.2% in 1980 (Cabinet Office, FY2025 report; MIC Population Census). Source: Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, \"Annual Report on the Ageing Society [Summary] FY2025 (June 2025)\" (https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2025/pdf/2025.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-living-alone-65plus-2020-by-sex." }, { "id": "jp-living-alone-65plus-1980-by-sex", "family": "scale", "statement": "In 1980, 4.3% of Japanese men and 11.2% of women aged 65 and over lived alone (Cabinet Office, FY2025 report; MIC Population Census).", "value": 11.2, "unit": "% of women 65+", "display_value": "11.2%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "1980 (Census)", "population": "people aged 65+ (one-person households)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Government of Japan", "source_title": "Annual Report on the Ageing Society [Summary] FY2025 (June 2025)", "source_url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2025/pdf/2025.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "In 1980 the percentages of the population of men and women aged 65 and over and living alone were 4.3% for males and 11.2% for females", "locator": "Chart 4 text", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": false, "series": "jp-living-alone-65plus-by-sex", "history": [], "notes": "Men 4.3%.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-living-alone-65plus-1980-by-sex", "citation_text": "In 1980, 4.3% of Japanese men and 11.2% of women aged 65 and over lived alone (Cabinet Office, FY2025 report; MIC Population Census). Source: Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, \"Annual Report on the Ageing Society [Summary] FY2025 (June 2025)\" (https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2025/pdf/2025.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-living-alone-65plus-1980-by-sex." }, { "id": "jp-living-alone-65plus-2050-projection-by-sex", "family": "scale", "statement": "By 2050, 26.1% of Japanese men and 29.3% of women aged 65 and over are projected to live alone (Cabinet Office FY2025 report, citing IPSS Household Projections 2024).", "value": 29.3, "unit": "% of women 65+ (projected)", "display_value": "29.3%", "display_label": null, "display_hook": null, "row_label": null, "publisher_short": null, "geography": "Japan", "period": "2050 projection", "population": "people aged 65+ (one-person households)", "sample_n": null, "publisher": "Cabinet Office, Government of Japan", "source_title": "Annual Report on the Ageing Society [Summary] FY2025 (June 2025)", "source_url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2025/pdf/2025.pdf", "source_type": "primary", "source_access": "open", "published_at": "2025-06", "accessed_at": "2026-10-08", "quote": "are expected to reach 26.1% for males and 29.3% for females in 2050.", "locator": "Chart 4 text", "derived": false, "formula": null, "headline": true, "series": "jp-living-alone-65plus-by-sex", "history": [], "notes": "Men 26.1%. IPSS's own press release (Japanese PDF, 12 April 2024) prints the 2020-2050 change as men 16.4% -> 26.1% and women 23.6% -> 29.3% - its 2020 base differs from the Cabinet Office's 15.0%/22.1% because of treatment of 'family type not reported'.", "permalink": "https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-living-alone-65plus-2050-projection-by-sex", "citation_text": "By 2050, 26.1% of Japanese men and 29.3% of women aged 65 and over are projected to live alone (Cabinet Office FY2025 report, citing IPSS Household Projections 2024). Source: Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, \"Annual Report on the Ageing Society [Summary] FY2025 (June 2025)\" (https://www8.cao.go.jp/kourei/english/annualreport/2025/pdf/2025.pdf). Via CareTrigger, https://caretrigger.io/research/long-lie-statistics#jp-living-alone-65plus-2050-projection-by-sex." } ] }